Thermomagnetic study of nanophases in Fe-based soft magnetic materials

The Curie temperatures (T_c) of metastable nanophases have been investigated in partially crystallized Fe_73.5Cu₁Nb₃Si_13.5B₉ and Fe₈₆Zr₇Cu₁B₆ nanostructured soft magnetic alloys as a function of annealing temperature and time. It is shown that for both materials a supersaturated phase is formed which transforms only at the second stage of crystallization by dissolution of the solute elements monitored by the steep increase of T_c.     

Effect of warm compaction on the magnetic and electrical properties of Fe-based soft magnetic composites

This paper investigates the effect of warm compaction on the magnetic and electrical properties of Fe-based soft magnetic composites at operating frequencies between 0.1 and 10 kHz. The magnetic and electrical properties of samples were measured by an LCR meter and morphology of the samples was characterized by scanning electron microscopy. It was shown that the compacted sample prepared at 800 MPa and 550 °C had the lowest magnetic loss and electrical resistivity, and highest magnetic induction and effective permeability in comparison with other samples compacted at 800 MPa and room temperature, 150, 250, 350 and 450 °C.     

Microfabrication of solenoid-type RF SMD chip inductors with an Al2O3 core

We investigated micron size, high-performance, and solenoid-type radio-frequency surface-mounted device (SMD) chip inductors with a low-loss Al₂O₃ core for a GHz drive microwave circuit application. Copper coils with a diameter of 27 μm were used and the chip inductors fabricated in this study are 0.86 × 0.46 × 0.45 mm³. The high-frequency characteristics of the inductance (L), quality factor (Q), and impedance (Z) of the developed inductors were measured using a RF impedance/material analyzer (HP4291B with HP16193A test fixture). The developed inductors have a self-resonant frequency of 3.7–5.2 GHz and exhibit L of 15–34 nH. The inductors have Q of 38–49 over the frequency ranges of 900 MHz–1.7 GHz. The calculated data obtained from the equivalent circuit and the derived equation of Q described the high-frequency data of L, Q, and Z of the inductors developed quite well.     

铁基软磁非晶/纳米晶合金研究进展及应用前景

非晶合金通常是将熔融的金属快速冷却、通过抑制结晶而获得的原子呈长程无序排列的金属材料.由于具有这种特殊结构,铁基软磁非晶合金具有各向同性特征、很小的结构关联尺寸和磁各向异性常数,因而具有很小的矫顽力H_c,但可和晶态材料一样具有高的饱和磁感强度B_s.优异的软磁性能促进了铁基软磁非晶合金的应用研究.目前,铁基软磁非晶/纳米晶合金带材已实现大规模工业化生产和应用,成为重要的高性能软磁材料.本文回顾了软磁非晶合金的发现和发展历程,结合成分、结构、工艺对铁基非晶/纳米晶合金软磁性能的影响,介绍了相关基础研究成果和工艺技术进步对铁基软磁非晶/纳米晶合金研发和工业化应用的重要贡献.并根据结构、性能特征将铁基软磁非晶合金研发与应用分为三个阶段,指出了目前铁基软磁非晶合金研发与应用中面临的挑战和发展方向.     

Unusual flow behavior of Fe-based soft magnetic amorphous ribbons under high temperature tensile loading

The viscous thermal flow behavior and mechanical property of [Fe_0.6Co_0.15B_0.2Si_0.05] _(100−x)Ta_x (x = 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5) soft magnetic amorphous ribbons were studied. The characteristics of melt-spun amorphous ribbons were measured by using vibration sample magnetometer (VSM), nanoindentation, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and thermo-mechanical analysis (TMA) to study the effects of Ta content variation on the thermal stability, mechanical, and soft magnetic properties. We observed that the nanoindentation hardness, Young's modulus, and glass transition and crystallization temperatures were improved by the addition of Ta. Using dilatometry measurement, TMA, by heating at a constant rate under tension mode, we examined not only the glass transition and crystallization behaviors but also the possibility of coexistence of multiple amorphous phases.     

Dynamic origin of vortex core switching in soft magnetic nanodots

The magnetic vortex with in-plane curling magnetization and out-of-plane magnetization at the core is a unique ground state in nanoscale magnetic elements. This kind of magnetic vortex can be used, through its downward or upward core orientation, as a memory unit for information storage, and thus, controllable core switching deserves some special attention. Our analytical and micromagnetic calculations reveal that the origin of vortex core reversal is a gyrotropic field. This field is induced by vortex dynamic motion and is proportional to the velocity of the moving vortex. Our calculations elucidate the physical origin of the vortex core dynamic reversal, and, thereby, offer a key to effective manipulation of the vortex core orientation.     

The sandwich domain structure in a Fe-based amorphous ribbon with uniaxial magnetic anisotropy

The formation and motion of two domain walls parallel to the ribbon surface are discovered during its dynamic magnetic reversal. The domain walls form near by the middle plane of a ribbon and move to its opposite main surfaces with different velocities.     

Giant magnetoimpedance in composite wires with insulator layer between non-magnetic core and soft magnetic shell

A method for calculation of the magnetoimpedance in composite wires having an insulator layer between non-magnetic core and soft magnetic shell is described. It is assumed that the magnetic shell has a helical anisotropy and the driving current flows through the core only. The distribution of eddy currents and expressions for the impedance are found by means of a solution of Maxwell equations taking into account the magnetization dynamics within the shell governed by the Landau–Lifshitz equation. The effect of the insulator layer on the magnetoimpedance is analyzed.     

External influence on magnetic properties of Fe-based nanocrystalline alloys

Amorphous and nanocrystalline ribbons of NANOPERM, FINEMET and HITPERM were studied by Mössbauer spectroscopy (MS) after the influence of external factors: different annealing atmospheres, tensile stress and several kinds of corrosion. MS is a suitable tool for such studies because the spectral parameters are very sensitive to changes in the vicinity of the probe — ⁵⁷Fe nuclei. The most sensitive parameters were hyperfine magnetic field in crystalline component, average hyperfine field in amorphous component and direction of net magnetic moments. Influence of external factors modified also the structure of the alloys, i.e. new or modified phases were identified by MS phase analysis.     

快响应磁芯式Rogowski线圈

为减小线圈响应时间,提高脉冲大电流信号的测量精度,设计了ns级快脉冲响应的Rogowski线圈。根据电磁理论,给出了线圈关键参数的计算公式,并对其进行了工程制作。通过引入50Ω的阻尼电阻,消除信号电压波形前后沿处的高频寄生振荡。对Rogowski线圈的等效电路进行了Pspice电路模拟,验证了线圈的输出特性,与理论分析结果一致。用50 ns和10 ns方波脉冲分别对线圈进行定标,其响应时间分别为2.43和1.10 ns,灵敏度为3.34 A/V。利用该线圈对高压ns脉冲发生器的负载电流进行测量,结果表明线圈能够较好地响应10 ns,kA级脉冲大电流信号。     

快响应磁芯式Rogowski线圈

为减小线圈响应时间, 提高脉冲大电流信号的测量精度,设计了ns级快脉冲响应的Rogowski线圈。根据电磁理论,给出了线圈关键参数的计算公式,并对其进行了工程制作。通过引入50 Ω的阻尼电阻,消除信号电压波形前后沿处的高频寄生振荡。对Rogowski线圈的等效电路进行了Pspice电路模拟,验证了线圈的输出特性,与理论分析结果一致。用50 ns和10 ns方波脉冲分别对线圈进行定标,其响应时间分别为2.43和1.10 ns,灵敏度为3.34 A/V。利用该线圈对高压ns脉冲发生器的负载电流进行测量,结果表明线圈能够较好地响应10 ns,kA级脉冲大电流信号。     

Development of a new soft ferrite core for power applications

Manganese-substituted nickel–zinc ferrites have been investigated as power core materials for applications in switched-mode-power supplies. High frequency operation of these power supplies requires high performance cores with low power losses. The main contributors to the power loss are eddy current loss, hysteresis loss and residual loss. The ferrites have been synthesized by the citrate precursor technique and their electromagnetic properties such as resistivity, permeability, saturation magnetization and Curie temperature studied. A power loss of 500 mW/cc could be obtained at a frequency of 500 kHz, flux density of 50 mT and temperature 100 °C.     

铁基非晶的低频脉冲磁场处理效应

对非晶合金Fe₇₈ Si₉ B₁₃进行了低频脉冲磁场处理，用穆斯堡尔谱学、透射电 镜等方法观察处理试样的微观结构变化.研究发现，当脉冲频率20—25Hz,磁场16—32kA/m,作用时间≤2min，合金发生了纳米晶化，纳米相岐睩e(Si)晶粒尺寸为10nm. 而且，在低频脉冲磁场处理过程中，非晶试样的温升≤20℃. 关键词： 非晶态合金 脉冲磁场处理 纳米晶化     

Nanocrystals magnetic contribution to FINEMET-type soft magnetic materials with Ge addition

Over the last years several works have been published in which magnetic and structural properties of soft magnetic nanocrystalline alloys were reported. Among these, there are a series of articles where the nanocrystals composition of FINEMET-type alloys with Ge addition was obtained by Mössbauer spectroscopy (MS) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). By considering a linear relationship between the magnetic moments of the nanocrystals and the composition of various elements in these crystallites, the magnetic moment of the nanocrystals was calculated. This paper reviews results obtained by different authors since 1980 and they are compared with ours. In turn, we revised some elements not previously considered for the calculus of the nanocrystals composition that allowed us to obtain the magnetic moment of the crystallites in the alloy. In particular, we analyzed FINEMET-type alloys with replacement of B for Ge: Fe_73.5Si_13.5Ge₂B₇Nb₃Cu₁ and Fe_73.5Si_13.5Ge₄B₅Nb₃Cu₁. The nanocrystalline structure was obtained by isothermal annealing of melt-spun ribbons at 823 K for 1 h. From MS and XRD we obtained the atomic composition of the nanocrystals in the magnetic material. The magnetic contribution of the nanocrystals to the alloy was calculated using a linear model and the results were compared with experimental measurements of the samples.     

Fabrication of a 256-bits organic memory by soft x-ray lithography

This paper reports a procedure of soft x-ray lithography for the fabrication of organic crossbar structure. Electron beam lithography is employed to fabricate the mask for soft x-ray lithography, with direct writing technology to lithograph positive resist, polymethyl methacrylate on the polyimide film. Then Au is electroplated on the polyimide film. Hard contact mode exposure is used in x-ray lithography to transfer the graph from the mask to the wafer. The 256-bits organic memory is achieved with the critical dimension of 250~nm.     

铁基纳米晶磁芯的脉冲磁化特性测量及其在磁开关中的应用

磁开关是重复频率脉冲功率系统可选的工作性能优越的开关器件之一。目前磁开关的仿真模型是基于伏秒积分的宏观特性建立起来的纯电路模型,未考虑磁芯饱和过程中磁芯特性的变化,仿真难以准确预测磁开关负载上的预脉冲,波形的前沿误差也较大。测试获得了快脉冲激励下的铁基纳米晶磁芯磁滞回线和初始磁化曲线,利用磁芯磁滞回线的关键参数,提取了脉冲激励下的磁芯J-A参数,用于定义多物理场中磁开关模型的磁芯特性。针对磁开关脉冲压缩电路,利用多物理场仿真软件COMSOL建立了磁脉冲压缩系统电路与磁开关电磁场的场路耦合仿真模型,计算磁脉冲压缩电路的输出波形,与实验结果对比,预脉冲幅值误差为2%,峰值误差为2%,前沿误差为5%,证明了建立的场路耦合仿真模型的有效性和准确性。     

Fabrication of structures with tunable morphologies and sizes by soft molding

This paper presents a simple and versatile patterning method to fabricate polymer patterns with different morphologies and sizes by utilizing soft molding. When a patterned elastomeric stamp was placed on the polymer solution dropped on the substrate, the polymer solution will fill into the grooves of the stamp under capillary force. Through the modulation of the polymer concentration, it is possible to produce highly regular and reproducible polymer patterns with tunable morphologies and sizes using the same microscopic patterned mold. The gained polymer patterns can be further transferred to produce second-generation stamps.