赵凯华教授与我国的大学基础物理教学

赵凯华先生长期从事物理学教学和科研工作．曾任中国物理学会副理事长兼教学委员会和名词委员会主任等职．著有《电磁学》、《光学》、《新概念物理教程》等多部教材以及《定性与半定量物理学》,为提高我国高校物理基础教学水平、推动物理教学改革、培养物理学人才和物理名词规范化做出了重要贡献．     

高职物理教改之我见

高职物理教学与普教物理教学有很大区别，普教是普及物理知识和培养较高理论水平的研究型人才，而高职是培养具有一定物理学基础知识的高素质的应用型人才，改革高职物理教学，建立适应我国高职教育和经济发展模式的教学体系，是关系到高职教育能否培养出高素质应用型人才的关键．本人根据多年教学实践，就高职物理教学改革谈几点体会．     

关于师范类物理学专业“电磁学”课程教学的几点思考

"电磁学"是大学物理学专业必修的重要基础课程之一.电磁学教学及教学改革一直是广大致力于基础物理教学的大学物理教师所关注和所从事的工作,在两年一届的"全国高等学校电磁学教学教材研讨会暨全国高等学校电磁学研究会"年会上都有许多相关的研究成果交流;在《大学物理》和《物     

关于高职物理教材建设的几点思考

高等职业技术教育是我国高等教育的一部分 .高职学历教育的定位是 :“人才类型—实施型应用型 ,人才专业—职业技术性 ,人才去向—一线性 .”本文就高职物理教材建设问题 ,谈几点思考 ,与同行们切磋 .1　物理教材应突出技术性高职教育强调知识的应用 .将课程改名为“技术物理基础”很有道理 .高职院校培养应用型人才 ,讲究“学以致用” .物理知识博大精深 ,高职院校专业众多 ,如何选编教材内容 ,使两者结合起来 ,不是易事 ,需要广泛调查物理知识在相关专业的应用 ,合理选择知识点 .高职物理教材难度应有所降低 .广度应有所增加 ,以广度换难…     

《基础物理学》编写过程中的一些体会

《基础物理学》和《基础物理学教程》概况《基础物理学》内容分为五个部分：力学和相对论、电磁学、光学、量子力学、热物理学．具体而言，力学、电磁学和光学的内容大致掌握在原来普通物理课程的水平，量子力学和相对论是在原来理论物理课程的基础上重新编写的，而热物理...     

初中物理实验教学之我见

物理学是一门以实验为主的自然科学,认识物理学和物理学的发展都离不开物理实验。物理学自身的特点及其在生产生活中的应用决定了实验教学是培养学生实验能力和动手操作实践能力的重要途径,也是学生学习理科的主要方法之一。在物理学教学中,物理概念的建立,物理定律的发现,都是通过物理实验逐步认识和总结出来的,可见,物理实验赋予了物理学科丰富的思想内涵,同时,实验促进了物理学的发展,也促进了物理实验本身不断发展和完善。《义务教育新课程物理课程标准》也对物理课程教     

王稼军:被学生称作"王姐姐"的北大教授

王稼军：北京大学物理系教授．北大主干基础课《电磁学》的主持人．2004年度北京大学“十佳教师”．现任中国物理学会物理学教学委员会秘书长，北京市物理学会秘书长，教育部高等学校物理学与天文学教学指导委员会非物理类专业物理基础课程教学指导分委员会委员．[编者按]     

对非物理专业"基础物理学"课程教材改革中几个问题的思考——推荐一部富有新意的好教材

在担任非物理专业“基础物理学”课程 (以下简称外系课 )的同时 ,我一直在思考一些问题 :课程的目的、任务是什么 ?如何解决教学内容多而学时少的矛盾 ?怎样处理好物理学自身的逻辑系统与兼顾学生所学专业特点和要求的关系 ?如何把握诸如经典与现代、基础与前沿、理论与实际、深度与广度、系统性与实用性等一系列问题的分寸 ?不久前 ,我应高等教育出版社之邀 ,参加了由北京师范大学梁绍荣、管靖主编的《基础物理学》教材 (以下简称教材 )的审稿工作 .在审读过程中 ,觉得这套教材颇具特色 ,在一定程度上反映了编者对上述问题的见解 ,富有新意…     

高校物理系基础课介绍

 许多高中毕业生和社会青年想报考高校物理系或物理专业,但不知所开设的课程.为了满足他们的要求,本刊新辟《高校物理系基础课介绍》栏目,分期介绍普通物理的《力学》、《热学和分子物理学》、《电磁学》、《光学》、《原子物理学》;理论物理的《理论力学》、《热力学和统计物理》、《电动力学》、《量子力学》、《固体物理学》.     

高师"中学物理教材教法与实验"课程改革探讨

中学物理教学法是一门综合性的应用学科，是高等师范院校物理专业的一门必修课．它是以国家教育方针为依据，以物理学为基础，综合地运用教育学、心理学、哲学等学科的一般原理来研究中学物理教学的理论和实践的学科．师范专科学校开设此课程的目的，是研究整个初中物理教学基本规律和从教的技艺，为培养合格的初中物理教师服务．     

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介绍了开式微波谐振腔测量系统的工作原理及试验结果,获得了Æ10mm钢球模型在6.65kPa干燥空气中以速度5.44km.s-1飞行时的尾迹电子密度测量结果,并且与国外弹道靶试验数据进行了比较。试验结果表明,该系统能够满足模型尾迹电子密度变化对测量系统响应时间的要求,能很好地反映尾迹电子密度变化细节,电子密度测量范围达到109~1011cm-3。     

Where Is a Singer''s Voice if It Is Placed “Forward”?

Singing teachers sometimes characterize voice quality in terms of "forward" and "backward" placement. In view of our traditional knowledge about voice production it is hard to explain any possible acoustic or articulatory differences between the voices so "placed." The analysis of the teachers' expert opinions demonstrates that, in general, a voice placed "forward" indicates a desirable quality that students should attain by the end of their studies. Productions that were perceived as "forward" and "backward" were selected from the listening test. The acoustic analysis of those productions reveals that the voice quality in the case of "forward" placement correlates with higher frequencies of the second (F2) and third (F3) formants, as well as with a more salient "singer's formant" in the voice. The five basic vowels were included in the investigation.     

A generalized formula to determine the relaxation time distribution in dielectrics

The distribution of relaxation times is derived for dielectrics with constants featuring general functions in the - plane. A simple algorithm to determine the distribution parameters is also suggested. The algebraic method adopted enables translation of the algorithm into software to facilitate an efficient processing of data. The new distribution developed here could have an effective use in studies of dispersion in dielectrics and interfaces.     

Synthesis of new La nitrides at high pressure and temperature

We have succeeded in synthesizing two new lanthanum nitrides in a supercritical nitrogen fluid at high pressure (about 30 GPa) and high temperature (about 2000 K), using a diamond anvil cell and a YAG laser heating system. These nitrides were found to be stable down to 5 GPa and ∼300 K in a nitrogen atmosphere. One of the new lanthanum nitrides is a cubic P lattice-type phase, which is a main phase synthesized nitride. The calculated lattice parameter is at 5 GPa, 300 K. The other nitride is of a trigonal P lattice-type. The calculated lattice parameters are and at 5 GPa, 300 K. The most likely phase of the former new La nitride is , the structure of which may be similar to the   Mn₂O₃-type (Ia80). The phase of the latter nitride is , the structure of which is the same as the   La₂O₃-type (hP5).     

Debye screening for two-dimensional Coulomb systems at high temperatures

The grand canonical ensemble of a two-dimensional Coulomb system with±1 charges is proved to have screening phenomena in its high-temperature region. The Coulomb potential in a finite region is assumed to be (–)^–1, where is the Laplacian with zero boundary conditions on. The hard-core condition is not assumed. The model is set up by separating (–)^–1 into a shortrange part and a long-range part depending on a parameter. The self-energies are subtracted only for the short-range part and therefore a choice of is a choice of subtraction of self-energies. The method of proof is in general the same as that of Brydges-Federbush Debye screening, except that here a modification for the short-range part of the potentials is needed.     

CFBR-Ⅱ堆脉冲状态反应性温度系数测量

反应性温度系数是脉冲堆重要参数之一, 采用一种特殊的方法测量了脉冲状态反应性温度系数。 把脉冲的全过程分为峰和坪两个过程, 根据Fuchs-Hansen模型知道脉冲峰过程的反应性减小量为系统初始超瞬发反应性的2倍, 采用脉冲波形去坪的方法分离出峰过程贡献的温升, 由此得到CFBR-Ⅱ堆的脉冲反应性温度系数αT=-0.00202 $/K。 Reactivity temperature coefficient is one of important parameters of burst reactor. The methods of measuring the coefficient were introduced and analyzed. The whole process of burst is split into “peak” process and “tail” process. Reactivity reduction is twice as large as initial excess reactivity in “peak” process from Fuchs Hansen model. Increment of temperature induced by “peak” process was got through removing “tail”. So we deduced reactivity temperature coefficient of CFBR-Ⅱ αT=-0.00202 $/K.     

Ground state electronic and magnetic properties of RCrSb3 (R=La, Ce, Nd, Gd and Dy): A first principles study

The electronic density of states (DOS) and magnetic moments of rare-earth antimonides (RCrSb₃) have been studied by the first principles full-potential linearized augmented plane wave (FP-LAPW) method based on density functional theory (DFT). For the exchange-correlation potential, the LSDA+U method is used. The effective moments of LaCrSb₃, CeCrSb₃, NdCrSb₃, GdCrSb₃, and DyCrSb₃ were found to be , , , and respectively. The exchange-splittings of Cr-3d state electrons and 4f-states of rare earth elements were analyzed to explain the magnetic nature of these systems. The Cr atom plays a significant role on the magnetic properties due to the hybridization between Cr-3d and Sb-5p state orbitals. The results obtained are compared and found to be in close agreement with the available data.     

Single crystal EPR studies of Mn(II) doped zinc sodium sulphate hexahydrate: a case of interstitial substitution

Single crystal Electron Paramagnetic Resonance studies on Mn(II) doped zinc sodium sulphate hexahydrate are carried out at room temperature. The angular variation spectra of the crystal in the three orthogonal planes show that the paramagnetic impurity Mn(II) has entered the host lattice interstitially. The spin Hamiltonian parameters calculated are: g_xx=1.899, g_yy=1.944, g_zz=2.024; and The probable location for the interstitial site has been identified from the position of various atoms in the lattice. The variable temperature study for polycrystalline sample has been carried out, which indicates no phase transition. The percentage covalency of Mn-O bond has been estimated to be 8.5%.     

Information Potentialities of the Optical‐Capacitance Spectroscopy of Semiconductors

The opticalcapacitance spectroscopy method and the means for its implementation are described. The results of experimental investigations of semiconductors are compared with the known data obtained by other methods. The information potentialities and advantages of the opticalcapacitance spectroscopy are shown.     

The Formation of Porous Membranes by Filtration of Aerosol Nanoparticles

Flame-generated aerosol particles of Al₂O₃ were deposited by gas filtration on two types of porous and ceramic tubes of -Al₂O₃ with mean pore diameters of 450 and 2700nm, respectively. The particles were aggregates with average mobility diameters in the range of 30–100nm and primary particle diameters of 4–8nm. The particles are characterized by differential mobility analysis, transmission electron microscopy, and by their specific surface area. The deposited membranes are characterized by gas permeability measurements, scanning electron microscopy, and by their pore size distribution from nitrogen capillary condensation. The particles form a distinct, homogeneous membrane layer with a porosity of 90% on top of the substrate surface and only penetrate slightly into the substrate structure. The mean pore sizes of the deposited membranes determined by nitrogen condensation agree approximately with those determined by gas permeation and the specific surface area. The mean pore diameter varies in the range of 30–70nm. The gas permeability of the deposited membranes is related to the specific surface area but influenced by the high porosity. The mean pore size and the permeability of the membranes are almost independent of the substrate structure.The development of a membrane with uniform properties is preceded by a short initial period in which the deposited particles, with an equivalent membrane thickness of roughly 2m, have a significantly lower permeability than the ultimately developed uniform membrane layer. This effect is particularly significant for the aerosol particles with the lowest mean size, probably due to particles deposited in the pore mouths of the substrate.The particles and the deposited membranes are X-ray amorphous but retain their specific surface area on heating to even high temperatures. When the membranes are heated to 1473K for 10h, X-ray diffraction shows a mixture of - and -alumina, accompanied by a partial disintegration of the membrane and a considerable loss of surface area.