高温用镶嵌型固体润滑材料的研制及其摩擦磨损性能的考察

研制了几种可以在大气中直至300℃下使用的镶嵌型固体润滑材料,考察了胶粘剂、添加剂、湿度和温度等对固体润滑剂热膨胀性能及镶嵌材料摩擦磨损性能的影响。作者采用的“栓(球)-盘”试验方法,可以定性地比较固体润滑剂对金属的转移性能,加快了镶嵌用固体润滑剂配方的筛选进程。试验结果表明,3号配方的镶嵌试样在250和300℃时的比磨损分别为7.8×10~(-13)mm/Pa·m和16.2×10~(-13)mm/Pa·m,最大摩擦系数为0.42。通过X-射线衍射分析认为,这种材料在高温下的高摩擦现象应归因于摩擦表面氧化产生的Cu_2O。     

微加工中原子力显微镜金刚石针尖的磨损研究

考察了用原子力显微镜对单晶硅进行微加工时金刚石针尖的磨损行为 ,对针尖的磨损率、磨损机理以及针尖磨损对微加工过程的影响进行了实验研究和理论分析 .结合对单晶硅所进行的摩擦磨损试验 ,应用计算模型得出针尖的磨损率为 1.7× 10 - 1 0 m m3/(N·m) ;通过对针尖磨损特征的原子力显微镜观察 ,结合金刚石针尖上应力集中的有限元计算及单位切削力计算 ,推测其磨损机制主要为化学磨损     

Fe3Si金属间化合物在干摩擦及水润滑条件下的摩擦学性能研究

利用高能球磨和热压烧结工艺制备了Fe3Si有序金属间化合物块体材料,考察了其与Si3N4配副时在干摩擦和水润滑条件下的摩擦学性能.结果表明,在干摩擦条件下Fe3Si/Si3N4摩擦副表现出很高的摩擦系数,Fe3Si与Si3N4的磨损率分别为1.408×10-14m^3/（N.m）和4.735×10-16m^3/（N.m）,两者相差近2个数量级;在水润滑条件下,Fe3Si的磨损率下降而Si3N4的磨损率上升,两者磨损率分别为7.406×10-15m^3/（N.m）和2.522×10-15m^3/（N.m）.另外,在水润滑条件下的摩擦化学产物对Fe3Si的摩擦学性能影响显著.     

温度对电沉积纯银镀层和纯银/银石墨复合镀层磨损性能和行为的影响

本文中使用电沉积方法在铜基表面分别制备了纯银镀层和纯银/银石墨复合镀层,研究了不同温度下两种镀层的磨损性能和行为.研究表明:室温至120℃,纯银镀层磨损机理为轻微的黏着磨损,摩擦系数稳定在0.35~0.45左右,磨损率为3×10~(-14) m~3/(N·m)左右;240~480℃,镀层磨损机理为明显的黏着磨损,磨损率急剧增加,摩擦系数不稳定.纯银/银石墨复合镀层在室温至240℃的磨损机理为轻微的黏着磨损,平均摩擦系数在0.1左右,磨损率增加缓慢;当温度超过240℃时,由于抗高温石墨膜的破裂,出现了严重的塑性变形;480℃时,复合镀层磨损机理主要表现为明显的磨粒磨损,摩擦系数不稳定,磨损率达到46×10~(-14) m~3/(N·m),耐磨性优于纯银镀层.     

干摩擦条件下铜-石墨复合材料与ZQAl9-4铝青铜的磨损图研究

考察了铜-石墨复合材料和商品ZQAl9-4铝青铜材料在干摩擦条件下的室温摩擦磨损性能,得出了两者的磨损图.结果表明:铜-石墨复合材料表现出优异的减摩性能;铜-石墨材料的磨损体系可以分为轻微磨损(磨损率小于1×10-4 mm3/m)、中等磨损(1×10-4~1×10-3 mm3/m)和严重磨损(磨损率大于1×10-3 mm3/m)3个区域,而ZQAl9-4铝青铜的磨损体系可分为轻微磨损、中等磨损和咬合3个区域;在载荷小于5 N,滑动速度处于0.005~0.05 m/s时,铜-石墨复合材料表现出比铝青铜更优异的耐磨性.     

微孔贯通型高温自润滑金属陶瓷的摩擦磨损性能研究

以TiH2和CaCO3为复合造孔剂,以硬质微细颗粒为惰性弥散质点,采用真空烧结法制备出具有贯通型微孔结构的Al2O3-Ni-Cr-Mo-Si-Fe系金属陶瓷烧结体,并在烧结体中浸渍Ag-Cu-Pb-Sn系浸渍型固体润滑剂制备出新型高温扩散自润滑材料.结果表明:该材料具有良好的高温自润滑和耐磨性;在600℃下与不同配对材料进行摩擦磨损试验时,摩擦系数变化范围为0.22～0.29,磨损率变化范围约为(6～7)×10-15m3/N·m;润滑膜主要由浸渍在贯通型微孔中的浸渍型固体润滑剂通过微孔向摩擦表面的扩散、并在高温摩擦条件下被软化或熔化而形成.     

粉末冶金锭底材料耐磨性的正交试验研究

本文通过模拟锭杆与锭底的试件和工况对几种自制的粉末冶金锭底新材料进行了正交法滑动摩擦磨损试验。结果发现,Fe-C-Cu粉末冶金锭底材料的含Cu量和含油率分别为3.00％和10.78％时的磨损率最低(1.455×10~(-2)μm/h)。为了进一步提高锭杆-锭底配副的耐磨寿命,又在保证最佳含油率的前提下,通过添加多种合金成分开发了一些新型的粉末冶金锭底材料。其中,磨损率最低的仅为0.758×10~(-2)μm/h,这几乎只是上述Fe-C-Cu粉末冶金锭底材料最低磨损率的1/2。作者还就含Cu量和含油率等对粉末冶金锭底材料耐磨性的影响机理进行了分析与讨论。     

碳化物衍生碳与石墨的摩擦磨损性能比较

通过高温氯化处理工艺在SiC表面制备碳化物衍生碳涂层(CDC),考察并比较了SiC、石墨和CDC在空气中的摩擦磨损性能.结果表明:在本文试验条件下,CDC的摩擦磨损性能优于石墨,CDC的摩擦系数低于0.15;CDC在载荷5 N下的磨损率在10-15 m3/N量级,当载荷等于或低于30 N时磨损率在10-14 m3/N量级,远低于相同条件下石墨的磨损率,即使在40 N或 50 N下其磨损率仅与20 N下SiC和石墨的磨损率相当.CDC的纳米结构及涂层与基体界面组成和性能的变化是影响其摩擦磨损性能的主要因素.     

炭纤维对纸基摩擦材料摩擦磨损性能的影响

研制了几种炭纤维增强纸基摩擦材料,采用热分析仪和惯量摩擦试验机研究了炭纤维含量同摩擦材料的耐热性能和摩擦磨损性能的相关性.结果表明:炭纤维含量对摩擦材料的耐热性能、动摩擦系数、静摩擦系数和磨损率有较大影响;随着炭纤维含量增加,摩擦材料的起始分解温度升高,热分解速率减慢,动摩擦系数呈增大趋势,静摩擦系数和磨损率呈现减小趋势;当炭纤维含量超过5%时,动摩擦系数达到0.13左右且保持恒定;当炭纤维含量超过10%时,静摩擦系数降至0.15左右且保持恒定,纸基摩擦材料的体积磨损率小于4.5×10-8cm3/J.     

Ti3SiC2/Inconel718摩擦副的高温摩擦学性能

本文考察了Ti3SiC2-Inconel 718摩擦副从室温到800 ℃范围内的摩擦磨损性能.结果表明:温度的升高有利于改善Ti3 SiC2-Inconel 718摩擦副的摩擦磨损性能,在800℃时,其摩擦磨损性能优异.随着温度的升高,摩擦系数从室温的0.71降至800℃时的0.37,Ti3SiC2的磨损率从4×10-3 mm3/(N·m)降至10-5mm3/(N·m)以下.高温塑性变形和摩擦氧化物层的形成导致摩擦系数的降低,300℃以下,晶粒的断裂、拔出与脱落以及材料向合金的转移造成了Ti3SiC2高的磨损率,从400℃至800℃,Ti3 SiC2晶粒的断裂与脱落受到明显抑制,其磨损率显著降低.     

The 7th International Conference on Fluid Mechanics May 24-27,2015,Qingdao,China

正http://www.icfm7.org First Announcement and Call for PapersThe objective of International Conference on Fluid Mechanics(ICFM)is to provide a forum for researchers to exchange new ideas and recent advances in the fields of theoretical,experimental,computational Fluid Mechanics as well as interdisciplinary subjects.It was successfully convened by the Chinese Society of Theoretical and Applied Mechanics(CSTAM)in Beijing(1987,     

INFORMATION FOR CONTRIBUTORS

Contributions： The Journal, Acta Mechanica Solida Sinica, is pleased to receive papers from engineers and scientists working in various aspects of solid mechanics. All contributions are subject to critical review prior to acceptance and publication.     

Preface

This special issue of PARTICUOLOGY is devoted to the first UK-China Particle Technology Forum taking place in Leeds, UK, on 1-3 April 2007. The forum was initiated by a number of UK and Chinese leading academics and organised by the University of Leeds in collaboration with Chinese Society of Particuology, Particle Technology Subject Group （PTSG） of the Institution of Chemical Engineers （IChemE）, Particle Characterisation Interest Group （PCIG） of the Royal Society of Chemistry （RSC） and International Fine Particle Research Institute （IFPRI）. The forum was supported financially by the Engineering and Physics Sciences Research Council （EPSRC） of United Kingdom,     

基于鲁棒滤波的捷联导引头视线角速度估计方法

针对捷联导引头无法直接获取视线角速度等信息的问题,研究了鲁棒滤波在大气层外飞行器捷联导引头视线角速度估计中的应用。为了建立非线性滤波估计模型,考虑目标视线角速度的慢变特性,采用一阶马尔科夫模型建立了状态方程;推导了视线角速度的解耦模型,并建立了量测方程;考虑到实际应用中存在系统噪声统计特性失准的问题,基于Huber-Based鲁棒滤波方法,设计了视线角速度滤波器,并完成了基于Huber-Based滤波方法和扩展卡尔曼滤波方法的数学仿真。仿真结果表明Huber-Based滤波方法的视线角、视线角速度及视线角加速度估计精度分别达到0.1140'、0.1423'/s、0.0203'/s2,而扩展卡尔曼滤波方法的视线角、视线角速度及视线角加速度估计精度仅分别为0.6577'、0.6415'/s、0.0979'/s~2。仿真结果证明了该方法可以有效地估计出相对视线角速度等信息,并且在非高斯噪声的条件下,依然可获得较高的估计精度,具有一定的鲁棒性。     

Guide for authors

正Each of the sections below provides essential information for authors.We recommend that you take the time to read them before submitting a contribution to Acta Mechanica Sinica.We hope our guide to authors may help you navigate to the appropriate section.How to prepare a submission This document provides an outline of the editorial process involved in publishing a scientific paper in Acta Mechanica     

Use specification of multiscale materials for life spanned over macro-, micro-, nano-, and pico-scale

Multiscale material intends to enhance the strength and life of mechanical systems by matching the transmitted spatiotemporal energy distribution to the constituents at the different scale, say—macro, micro, nano, and pico,—, depending on the needs. Lower scale entities are, particularly, critical to small size systems. Large structures are less sensitive to microscopic effects. Scale shifting laws will be developed for relating test data from nano-, micro-, and macro-specimens. The benefit of reinforcement at the lower scale constituents needs to be justified at the macroscopic scale. Filling the void and space in regions of high energy density is considered.Material inhomogeneity interacts with specimen size. Their combined effect is non-equilibrium. Energy exchange between the environment and specimen becomes increasingly more significant as the specimen size is reduced. Perturbation of the operational conditions can further aggravate the situation. Scale transitional functions and/or f_j/j+1 are introduced to quantify these characteristics. They are represented, respectively, by , and (f_mi/ma,f_na/mi,f_pi/na). The abbreviations pi, na, mi, and ma refer to pico, nano, micro and macro.Local damage is assumed to initiate at a small scale, grows to a larger scale, and terminate at an even larger scale. The mechanism of energy absorption and dissipation will be introduced to develop a consistent book keeping system. Compaction of mass density for constituents of size 10⁻¹², 10⁻⁹, 10⁻⁶, 10⁻³ m, will be considered. Energy dissipation at all scales must be accounted for. Dissipations at the smaller scale must not only be included but they must abide by the same physical and mathematical interpretation, in order to avoid inconsistencies when making connections with those at the larger scale where dissipations are eminent.Three fundamental Problems I, II, and III are stated. They correspond to the commonly used service conditions. Reference is made to a Representative Tip (RT), the location where energy absorption and dissipation takes place. The RT can be a crack tip or a particle. At the larger size scales, RT can refer to a region. Scale shifting of results from the very small to the very large is needed to identify the benefit of using multiscale materials.