EPR在体测量专用调制磁场驱动装置

利用电子顺磁共振（electron paramagnetic resonance,EPR）在体测量人牙齿可以实现无损伤地快速评估人体辐射剂量,具有实际应用价值.本文针对EPR在体测量牙齿剂量的应用特点,研制了专用调制磁场驱动装置,包括功率放大器、调制磁场激励线圈、调制频率设定模块、感应型调制幅度显示模块等.功率放大器采用脉冲功率放大方式取代传统的线性放大方式,用多N-MOSFET管H桥电路,功率容量大、效率高、结构简单,且调制频率设定自如.实验结果表明：（1）此装置可在大于9 cm磁极间距的中心样品位置产生调制幅度为0~0.9 mT的调制磁场,调制频率为10~100 kHz;（2）用该装置与EPR在体测量谱仪配合使用,可以明显观测到1,1-二苯基-2-三硝基苯肼（1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl,DPPH）样品谱线调制增宽过程以及辐射诱发的整体牙齿中的自由基信号,验证了该装置的高调制效率和实用性.     

在体剂量检测专用EPR数据采集与控制系统

研制了X波段在体剂量检测专用EPR谱仪的数据采集与控制系统,利用阿尔泰USB2812数据采集卡作为控制卡,在LabVIEW图形化编程开发环境中进行程序开发,实现了扫场电源的控制、微波模的显示、微波功率的控制和EPR信号的采集等功能. 数据处理程序可实现存储数据的查询、谱线基线校正和积分等基本功能,为下一步开展牙齿剂量试验研究提供了平台.     

原子力显微镜的压电陶瓷非线性及图象畸变的校正

研制了卧式原子力显微镜(AFM)系统,讨论压电陶瓷的非线性及AFM图象畸变的软件校正方法.提出利用光束偏转法精确测定XY扫描器压电陶瓷的伸长量与控制电压之间的相互关系,得到压电陶瓷的非线性曲线;根据非线性的偏离程度,通过扫描软件对X和Y方向的扫描电压作逐点补偿,据此有效地校正图象畸变.并给出分别用未校正软件与校正软件扫描获得的部分样品的AFM图象.     

特征平行直线的成像畸变现场校正

针对畸变对成像测量的影响,通过对摄像机畸变模型的分析,提出了一种基于特征平行直线的畸变现场校正方法.该方法分两步,非线性径向畸变的校正和透视畸变的校正.首先,提取图像中包含的多条特征直线,然后通过迭代法将成像后的弯曲直线拉直的方法获得系统非线性径向畸变参量,再用这些参量对非线性径向畸变进行校正,得到去非线性径向畸变的图像.通过对图像中的特征平行直线进行拟合,获得系统的透视畸变参量,并以这些参量反演迭代实现对透视畸变的校正,进而得到去透视畸变的图像.实验和仿真结果表明:该方法通过两步法利用图像中的特征平行直线先验知识能够有效实现对成像中多种畸变的一靶现场校正;对像机径向畸变和透视畸变的校正后相对误差均达到5%以内,适合于工程中基于图像的测量和目标识别中目标无固定位置的复合畸变的现场校正.     

基于压电陶瓷迟滞特性模型的原子力显微镜仿真平台研究

将基于双二次拉格朗日插值方法的压电陶瓷迟滞非线性Preisach模型,加到原子力显微镜(AFM)仿真平台中,实现在任意加压情况下由于迟滞效应所产生的图像畸变的仿真,更准确地反映原子力显微镜的扫描结果,使得学生在仿真实验中能更好地掌握AFM实验的真实情况.为了校正样品图像的畸变,提出搜索求逆算法,并利用此算法对Preisach模型进行精确求逆,通过改变输入电压抵消了压电陶瓷迟滞效应带来的非线性特性.仿真结果表明,该方法有效地校正了样品图像的畸变.     

Z箍缩Al等离子体X特征辐射谱线数值模拟及考虑叠加效应后的修正

采用基于细致能级的非局域热动平衡模型,对"强光一号"装置10174发次Z箍缩铝等离子体特征辐射谱进行细致的分析和计算,提取电子密度约为3.5×1021cm-3.数值计算结果显示,采用单一等离子体状态参数不能很好地描述等离子体辐射特征谱线.在进一步的分析计算中,本文初步考虑高温区域和低温区域等离子体特征辐射谱线的叠加效应,将等离子体划分为高温高密度和低温低密度两部分,分析了两部分等离子体辐射对总辐射谱的贡献,并给出了修正后的等离子体辐射谱线.考虑叠加效应后,Heα伴线显著增强,计算结果改善明显.     

基于响应矩阵和SVD算法的输运线束流轨道校正

在输运线中, 磁铁的加工及安装误差所产生的二极磁场分量会导致束流运动轨道偏离理想轨道. 采用基于Matlab的AT程序, 利用响应矩阵和SVD算法, 对SSRF高能输运线磁铁布局方案进行了轨道畸变校正, 对不同的校正子和BPM放置方案作了比较研究, 并对SVD算法中截断阈值的选取对输运线束流轨道畸变校正的效果作了比较研究.     

面向开环扫描系统的超声图像畸变校正方法*

超声显微成像技术广泛应用于工业无损检测领域。相较于闭环、半闭环扫描系统硬件复杂、成本高,开环扫描系统结构简单、成本低,但由于无反馈机制会导致步进电机的非线性运动引起图像像素错位畸变。因此,消除非线性运动带来的错位畸变是采用开环扫描系统实现高质量超声成像的关键。该文提出集最大值投影法、最大类间方差法和中心坐标校正法于一体的MIP-Otsu-C³M方法,对开环扫描系统获得的硬币回波数据采用最大值投影法获取初始灰度图像,采用最大类间方差法获取感兴趣区域的B扫描图像边缘像素位置,并采用中心坐标校正法成功消除像素错位,解决了超声C扫描图像畸变问题。对消除错位畸变的回波数据进行飞行时间法和傅里叶变换法图像重建,直接获得了非畸变的三维图像和透视图像。该新颖算法也验证了最大值投影法可拓展至图像畸变校正应用。     

高温窑炉气体红外辐射被动遥测EI北大核心CSCD

基于傅里叶变换红外光谱技术对高温窑炉内气体红外辐射信号进行了遥测研究。根据工业现场条件,利用大气辐射原理建立被动辐射模型,计算了炉膛内高温气体透射率。针对湍流噪声对信噪比的影响,研究了红外干涉信号光谱转换的数据处理方法,以零光程差为基准对齐干涉信号,以实现多次扫描干涉信号的平均,减小了噪声和计算量,并提高了光谱数据率。利用HITRAN数据库和高温参考谱模型法,对谱线线强、线宽修正合成的校准光谱与透射谱进行非线性最小二乘拟合,反演了炉膛内不同吸收波段的高温气体浓度。结果表明该技术在窑炉内及其他工业燃烧过程中对高温气体的在线检测是可行、可靠的。     

高温窑炉气体红外辐射被动遥测

基于傅里叶变换红外光谱技术对高温窑炉内气体红外辐射信号进行了遥测研究。根据工业现场条件,利用大气辐射原理建立被动辐射模型,计算了炉膛内高温气体透射率。针对湍流噪声对信噪比的影响,研究了红外干涉信号光谱转换的数据处理方法,以零光程差为基准对齐干涉信号,以实现多次扫描干涉信号的平均,减小了噪声和计算量,并提高了光谱数据率。利用HITRAN数据库和高温参考谱模型法,对谱线线强、线宽修正合成的校准光谱与透射谱进行非线性最小二乘拟合,反演了炉膛内不同吸收波段的高温气体浓度。结果表明该技术在窑炉内及其他工业燃烧过程中对高温气体的在线检测是可行、可靠的。     

Bench-Top Type In Vivo EPR Spectrometer for Estimating the Renal Reducing Ability of a Rat

A main electromagnet optimized for electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) measurements of rats by using a surface loop resonator with a loop diameter of 10?mm was designed. The fabricated main electromagnet was ca. 420?mm in diameter, ca. 240?mm in width, and ca. 60?kg in weight. When a static magnetic field of 25?mT was generated at the center of the main electromagnet, its deviation in a sphere space with a diameter of 10?mm was <0.02?mT. In this condition, the temperature elevation on the surface of the magnet was negligible for the measurement time assumed for in vivo study. Using this magnet, a bench-top type in vivo EPR spectrometer could be obtained, which made it possible to perform EPR measurements for estimating the renal reducing ability of a rat.     

Overhauser DNP and EPR in a Mobile Setup: Influence of Magnetic Field Inhomogeneity

Power-dependent Overhauser dynamic nuclear polarization (DNP) enhancements and continuous-wave electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectra of nitroxide radicals were measured in the magnetic field of a mobile Halbach-array permanent magnet and compared with results from a commercially available electromagnet. DNP saturation factors for varying microwave power were obtained from both measurement series and used to investigate how the increased magnetic field inhomogeneity present in the Halbach magnet affects the saturation efficiency. An EPR detection system was designed to allow continuous-wave EPR measurements at microwave power up to 20?W. Our results show that despite the lower magnetic field homogeneity, a Halbach-array magnet can be used for EPR and DNP-enhanced nuclear magnetic resonance of high quality providing almost the same performance as a more homogeneous electromagnet.     

Evaluation of sub-microsecond recovery resonators for in vivo electron paramagnetic resonance imaging

Time-domain (TD) electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) imaging at 300MHz for in vivo applications requires resonators with recovery times less than 1 micros after pulsed excitation to reliably capture the rapidly decaying free induction decay (FID). In this study, we tested the suitability of the Litz foil coil resonator (LCR), commonly used in MRI, for in vivo EPR/EPRI applications in the TD mode and compared with parallel coil resonator (PCR). In TD mode, the sensitivity of LCR was lower than that of the PCR. However, in continuous wave (CW) mode, the LCR showed better sensitivity. The RF homogeneity was similar in both the resonators. The axis of the RF magnetic field is transverse to the cylindrical axis of the LCR, making the resonator and the magnet co-axial. Therefore, the loading of animals, and placing of the anesthesia nose cone and temperature monitors was more convenient in the LCR compared to the PCR whose axis is perpendicular to the magnet axis.     

Field-cycled PEDRI imaging of free radicals with detection at 450 mT

This paper describes the design, construction and use of a field-cycled proton-electron double-resonance imaging (FC-PEDRI) system for the detection and imaging of free radicals. The unique feature of this imager is its use of a 450-mT detection magnetic field in order to achieve good image quality and sensitivity. The detection magnetic field is provided by a superconducting magnet, giving high stability and homogeneity. Field cycling is implemented by switching on and off the current in an internal, coaxial, resistive secondary magnet that partially cancels the superconducting magnet's field at the sample; the secondary magnet is actively shielded to avoid eddy currents. EPR irradiation takes place at approximately 5 mT, following which the field is switched to 450 mT in 40 ms for NMR signal detection. Full details of the imager's subsystems are given, and experiments to image the distribution of stable free radical contrast agents in phantoms and in anesthetized rats are described.     

Open-type EPR spectrometer to measure electron spins of a sample located outside a resonator

An open-type electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectrometer to measure a sample located outside a resonator was fabricated. As the resonator, the field modulation coils, and the main magnet were integrated on the resonator side in the sensor head, the space for a sample was opened. Thus, a large sample could be placed at the end of the resonator without much limitation on the size. For an application of this apparatus, various coal masses were placed on the resonator of the sensor head and EPR measurements were performed nondestructively. It was found that the EPR signal intensity of coals showed a good correlation with the carbon-to-hydrogen ratio, one of the parameters for classifying coal.     

Single loop multi-gap resonator for whole body EPR imaging of mice at 1.2 GHz

For whole body EPR imaging of small animals, typically low frequencies of 250-750 MHz have been used due to the microwave losses at higher frequencies and the challenges in designing suitable resonators to accommodate these large lossy samples. However, low microwave frequency limits the obtainable sensitivity. L-band frequencies can provide higher sensitivity, and have been commonly used for localized in vivo EPR spectroscopy. Therefore, it would be highly desirable to develop an L-band microwave resonator suitable for in vivo whole body EPR imaging of small animals such as living mice. A 1.2 GHz 16-gap resonator with inner diameter of 42 mm and 48 mm length was designed and constructed for whole body EPR imaging of small animals. The resonator has good field homogeneity and stability to animal-induced motional noise. Resonator stability was achieved with electrical and mechanical design utilizing a fixed position double coupling loop of novel geometry, thus minimizing the number of moving parts. Using this resonator, high quality EPR images of lossy phantoms and living mice were obtained. This design provides good sensitivity, ease of sample access, excellent stability and uniform B(1) field homogeneity for in vivo whole body EPR imaging of mice at 1.2 GHz.     

Advantages of digital phase-sensitive detection for upgrading an obsolete CW EPR spectrometer

The replacement of the commonly used analog phase-sensitive detection (PSD) by digital PSD for demodulation of electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) signals is suggested for upgrading of an out-of-date EPR spectrometer. Connection of the microwave bridge output to a fast analog-digital converter (ADC) eliminates some of the spectrometer’s components: the electronics responsible for analog PSD, ADC for sampling of demodulated signals, and a computer, as well as the usage of some of the spectrometer’s settings. The spectrometer is reduced to a magnet, microwave bridge, and personal computer containing an ADC board. EPR signals digitized for a set of magnetic field positions form a two-dimensional array which is stored in a personal computer. Demodulation and filtering are done numerically to produce a conventional EPR spectrum. In comparison with analog PSD, this numerical approach does not eliminate the out-of-phase component of the signal and the signals at the higher harmonics of the modulation frequency. The details of modernizing the Bruker ER200E SRC EPR spectrometer are discussed to demonstrate these and other advantages of digital demodulation.     

In Vivo EPR For Dosimetry

As a result of terrorism, accident, or war, populations potentially can be exposed to doses of ionizing radiation that could cause direct clinical effects within days or weeks. There is a critical need to determine the magnitude of the exposure to individuals so that those with significant risk have appropriate procedures initiated immediately, while those without a significant probability of acute effects can be reassured and removed from the need for further consideration in the medical/emergency system. In many of the plausible scenarios there is an urgent need to make the determination very soon after the event and while the subject is still present. In vivo EPR measurements of radiation-induced changes in the enamel of teeth is a method, perhaps the only such method, which can differentiate among doses sufficiently for classifying individuals into categories for treatment with sufficient accuracy to facilitate decisions on medical treatment. In its current state, the in vivo EPR dosimeter can provide estimates of absorbed dose with an error approximately +/- 50 cGy over the range of interest for acute biological effects of radiation, assuming repeated measurements of the tooth in the mouth of the subject. The time required for acquisition, the lower limit, and the precision are expected to improve, with improvements in the resonator and the algorithm for acquiring and calculating the dose. The magnet system that is currently used, while potentially deployable, is somewhat large and heavy, requiring that it be mounted on a small truck or trailer. Several smaller magnets, including an intraoral magnet are under development, which would extend the ease of use of this technique.     

Definitive spectroscopic determination of the transverse interactions responsible for the magnetic quantum tunneling in Mn(12)-acetate

We present detailed angle-dependent single crystal electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) data for field rotations in the hard plane of the S=10 single molecule magnet Mn(12)-acetate. A clear fourfold variation in the resonance positions may be attributed to an intrinsic fourth-order transverse anisotropy (O(4)/(4)). Meanwhile, a fourfold variation of the EPR line shapes confirms a recently proposed model wherein disorder associated with the acetic acid of crystallization induces a locally varying quadratic (rhombic) transverse anisotropy [O (2)/(2) identical with E(S (2)/(x)-S(2)/(y))]. These findings explain most aspects of the magnetic quantum tunneling observed in Mn(12)-acetate.