Effect of high pressure on the thermopower in gallium

The absolute thermopower and relative electrical resistance of gallium have been measured at room temperature and at a pressure increased up to 7 GPa. As the initial phase, all of the Ga phases retain the positive value of the thermopower. At 4 GPa, a phase transition has been revealed.     

Polaron effect dependence of thermopower in organic semiconductors

A unified physical model for thermopower was presented in organic semiconductors, based on the Marcus theory and variable-range hopping theory. According to the proposed model, the characteristic of charge carrier thermoelectric transport in organic semiconductors has been investigated. In particular, polaron effects, energetic disorder, and carrier density dependence of the thermopower have been discussed in detailed. The calculation also shows a good agreement with the experimental data in organic semiconductors.     

High resolution feshbach spectroscopy of cesium

We measure high-resolution Feshbach resonance spectra for ultracold cesium atoms colliding in different hyperfine and magnetic sublevels. More than 25 resonances are observed for magnetic fields up to 230 G and their positions are measured with an accuracy down to 0.03 G. From these spectra several ground-state molecular interaction parameters can be extracted with sufficient accuracy to permit for the first time an unambiguous and accurate determination of cesium's ultracold collision properties [P. J. Leo, C. J. Williams, and P. S. Julienne, following Letter, Phys. Rev. Lett. 85, 2721 (2000)].     

On the nielsen-taylor effect in the diffusion thermopower of dilute alloys

It is suggested that the electron-phonon vertex correction to the electron-impurity scattering gives rise to an additional term in the diffusion thermopower of dilute alloys at low temperatures. The absolute magnitude of the additional term is similar to the Nielsen-Taylor term. The experiment which can detect these effects is investigated.     

Investigation of the thermopower of thulium monoselenide under a pressure to 24 GPa

The experimental data have been obtained on the influence of high pressure on the thermopower of single-crystal thulium selenide at room temperature. At pressures of 2.5–3.0 GPa, the pressure dependences of the thermopower exhibit peculiarities indicating a transformation of the electronic spectrum of TmSe, which causes a transition from one antiferromagnetic state (AF1) to another antiferromagnetic state (AF2) at low temperatures. It has been shown that the coincidence of the thermopowers of TmSe and TmS under pressure cannot be a criterion of the transition of Tm ions to the trivalent state, because thulium sulfide is a concentrated Kondo system and its thermopower itself changes significantly uniform compression. It has been assumed that Tm ions are trivalent at pressures higher than 19 GPa, i.e., this pressure is a boundary for the mixed-valence state.     

The pressure dependence of the electrical resistivity thermopower and phonon dispersion in liquid mercury

The dependence of the electrical resistivity, thermopower and phonon dispersion on pressure is investigated quantitatively with a view to determining whether the density of state parameter, g = N(E _F)/N _free(E _F), introduced recently by Mott does exist and how it changes with pressure. By using the nearly-free electron approximation based on the pseudopotential calculated by Animalu and Heine, and the recent theoretical interference function, a(q) of Ashcroft and Lekner, our quantitative results indicate that the resistivity of liquid Hg calculated according to Ziman's theory (g = 1) is at least a factor 2 less than the experimental value (suggesting g ²<0.5) and that it increases rather than decreases with pressure, whence we deduce ? ln g ²/? ln a ~ -30, where a is proportional to the cube root of the atomic volume, in order to restore agreement with experiment.     

基于艳原子线性法拉第磁光效应的应用

分析了(銫) (Cs)原子作为旋光介质的线性法拉第磁光效应.采用二能级模型解释了(銫)原子与光的相互作用,并利用琼斯矩阵推导了当激光器的频率处于(銫)原子共振线时,经过(銫)气室的线偏振光的旋转角与外加磁场的关系式,利用此关系式可测量磁场强度的大小和气室内(銫)原子的浓度.实验采用852nm分布反馈半导体激光器作为光源...     

Influence of crystallite-boundary potential barriers on the thermopower and peltier effect in polycrystalline ferroelectric semiconductors

The influence of local charged states at crystallite boundaries on the thermoelectric effects in polycrystalline ferroelectrics is considered. It is shown that the differential thermopower and the Peltier coefficient depend on the height of the crystallite-boundary potential barriers. The possible manifestation of an anomalous behavior of the thermopower in the vicinity of the Curie ferroelectric point is demonstrated.     

High precision measurement of the static dipole polarizability of cesium

The cesium 6(2)S(1/2) scalar dipole polarizability alpha(0) has been determined from the time-of-flight of laser cooled and launched cesium atoms traveling through an electric field. We find alpha(0)=6.611+/-0.009 x 10(-39) C m(2)/V=59.42+/-0.08 x 10(-24) cm(3)=401.0+/-0.6a(3)(0). The 0.14% uncertainty is a factor of 14 improvement over the previous measurement. Values for the 6(2)P(1/2) and 6(2)P(3/2) lifetimes and the 6(2)S(1/2) cesium-cesium dispersion coefficient C6 are determined from alpha(0) using the procedure of Derevianko and Porsev [Phys. Rev. A 65, 053403 (2002)]].     

On the pressure dependence of the effective ionic charge of cesium halides

The importance of temperature effects in the use of the second Szigeti relation to calculate the volume dependence of the effective ionic charge of cesium halide crystals is studied. The effect obtained is larger than the one for alkali halide crystals of the NaCl structure. Positive values of (? ln s/? In v) are obtained using low temperature experimental data with the Grüineisen parameter γ_t(T → 0K) calculated using the generalized first Szigeti relation. Values of γ_t are also obtained with a rigid ion model and they differ little from the previous ones.     

High pressure effect on the electrical properties of NiS2

A semiconductor-metal transition in the electrical resistance of NiS₂, which has been suggested to be a Mott transition, is observed with decreasing temperature under pressure up to 44 kbar. The transition temperature increases with pressure with a slope of $\text{dT}\text{dP}\text{= 6 ± 1 K/kbar}$. The activation energy in a semiconducting region is found to decrease with increasing pressure and to vanish at about 46 kbar. The critical pressure and temperature are predicted to be 46 ± 2 kbar and 350 ± 20 K.     

Radiation processes in impulse cesium plasma of high pressure

Dependence of spectral and energy characteristics of cesium plasma radiation on electric power P _L has been found. It is shown that with P _L growth metal vapor pressure increases; transformation of spectral structure of radiation manifested in disappearance of individual lines and increase of steady monotone takes place. Redistribution of average radiation power in individual spectral ranges is observed.     

On the thermopower of superionic conductors

We investigate the thermoelectric power of a superionic conductor within the Brownian particle model. The dependence on temperature and friction is calculated numerically for the one-dimensional case. The results are compared to those of other models and approaches.     

High-pressure thermopower of sulfur

First measurements of the thermopower and transverse magnetoresistance of sulfur at ultrahigh pressures of up to ～40 GPa are reported. The conductivity of sulfur, as that of other elemental Group VI semiconductors (Te, Se), is shown to be due to valence band holes. The variation of band gap width is derived from the pressure dependence of thermopower. The observed negative magnetoresistance of sulfur at P ～ 30 GPa indicates a low hole mobility and suggests the existence of an indirect minimum gap in the electronic spectrum. The pressure-induced variation of the electronic structure of sulfur is discussed in terms of the Peierls lattice instability model.     

High pressure processing and storage of blueberries: effect on fruit hardness

Non-thermal preservation technologies such as high pressure processing (HPP) have low impact in original fruit flavours. The objective of this study was to process the whole blueberries by HPP and investigate the effect on its hardness after processing and during 7 and 28 days storage. Whole blueberry immersed in water was the best packaging option. The blueberries submitted to 200 and 600?MPa for 5–60?min and were stored at 3°C for 1 week. In another experiment, HPP blueberries (200 and 600?MPa for 10?min) were stored for 28 days. No difference in sensorial texture was observed between HPP and fresh unprocessed blueberry, although the instrumental hardness decreased significantly. Hardness was not affected by the processing time and was similar just after HPP and one-week storage. The hardness of HPP-processed blueberries was kept along 28 days storage without considerable weight loss as opposed to fresh fruits which collapsed.     

Longitudinal Stern-Gerlach effect for slow cesium atoms

The mechanical Stern-Gerlach effect is investigated in the case of a slow atomic cloud falling through an inhomogeneous magnetic field featuring a strong longitudinal gradient. The resulting Zeeman sublevel state selection is demonstrated under various experimental conditions. Longitudinal spatial separations are in agreement with numerical simulations that take into account the gravitational acceleration and both the transverse and axial magnetic forces. Since separations greater than 20 cm are obtained, potential applications in atom optics are outlined. Received: 16 February 1998 / Received in final form: 1 April 1998 / Accepted: 6 April 1998     

The effect of a large SWNT diameter distribution on cesium intercalation

Vapor-phase intercalation of a single-walled carbon nanotube sample with Cs was carried out and monitored in situ by Raman spectroscopy. Results indicate that the endpoint of the intercalation was limited by small interstitial gaps in the nanotube bundles. These small-diameter gaps are present because of the significant number of small-diameter nanotubes (0.9-1.0 nm, as calculated from Raman radial breathing mode frequencies) present in the sample. It is not possible to determine from our Raman spectra whether the early endpoint is the result of diffusion limitation or the equilibrium energetics at the endpoint, although some diffusion limitation is observed near the beginning of the reaction. A simple geometric model for expansion of the nanotube bundles under intercalation is presented; this model reproduces, reasonably well, measured expansions reported by others and explains both diffusion- and equilibrium-limited mechanisms in terms of the larger lattice expansion required for smaller-diameter nanotubes. Staging of the intercalation process, in analogy with the staged intercalation of graphite intercalation compounds, is not observed. Instead, the transverse mode peaks undergo a gradual decrease in intensity and a gradual charge transfer- and electronic coupling-induced downshift.     

Phonon drag thermopower in the alkalis

We present results of a theoretical calculation of the phonon drag thermopower in the alkali metals. Our results involve no adjustable parameters and are in good qualitative agreement with experiment.     

High pressure effect on structural transition of Fe cluster during rapid quenching processes

Molecular dynamics simulations of 21,952 atoms have been performed to study local structure evolution and glass formation in iron melts rapidly cooled under high pressures.In the quenching processes,structural transition details have been analyzed by using the radial distribution function g(r) and bond pair analysis technique.It is shown that high pressure strengthens the order degree of the glass system and favors the glass formation.That means with the increase of pressures,a more compacted local structure with more ideal icosahedra can be obtained.The calculations of free volume of the system indicate that the decrease of the number of the defected ideal icosahedra under high pressure contributes to the glass formation of Fe.