Ni系列催化剂上甲烷直接氧化制合成气

采用固定床流动反应装置，考察负载型Ｎｉ系列催化剂在甲烷直接氧化制合成气反应上的催化活性．空速为５．０×１０５ｈ－１，ＣＨ４／Ｏ２＝２条件下，不同Ｎｉ含量的催化剂中，１５％Ｎｉ／Ａｌ２Ｏ３活性较好．利用ＴＰＤ和ＸＲＤ技术将催化剂引发温度与催化剂组成进行关联，并在７００℃下考察空速对催化性能的影响．随着空速的增加，ＣＨ４的转化率增加，７．０×１０５ｈ－１时达到最大，与此同时，ＣＯ的选择性一直增加．实验结果说明在非平衡体系中，ＣＯ和Ｈ２是由ＣＨ４直接转化而来，ＣＯ２是ＣＯ深度氧化的产物，在此基础上对催化剂过程的机理作了初步的探讨．     

Fe—Cu—K催化剂上费托合成反应的研究

通过一系列实验,研究了固定床中工业ＦｅＣｕＫ催化剂上费托合成反应的规律。结果表明,反应温度、压力、原料气Ｈ２／ＣＯ等操作条件影响费托反应转化率、产物分布和产物的收率。随着操作温度（５０３～５４３Ｋ）的升高,ＸＣＯ＋Ｈ２、Ｃ１＋、Ｃ５＋均有明显的增加,碳氢化合物向轻组分方向偏移,产物中烯／烷比呈有规律的变化;随着压力的升高（１．０～３．０ＭＰａ）,ＸＣＯ＋Ｈ２、Ｃ１＋、Ｃ２＋、Ｃ５增大,轻油（Ｃ２～Ｃ４）的组分含量也有增加趋势,但压力对烯烃、烷烃的选择性影响不同,压力增大产物中烯／烷比下降,有利于烷烃的生成;原料气Ｈ２／ＣＯ比亦较大程度地改变了ＦｅＣｕＫ催化剂上的产物分布和收率,原料气Ｈ２／ＣＯ比（１．０２～２．８３）升高可增大ＸＣＯ,产物中低碳烃含量上升,但Ｃ１＋和Ｃ５＋收率减少。本文还对铁基费托合成催化剂上伴随的水煤气变换反应的变化规律进行了探讨。     

SDM—1型耐硫催化剂甲烷化反应动力学：II.宏观动力学模型

本文以工业应用为目的，采用内循环无梯度反应器，在５７３－６７３Ｋ，０．３０－１．２０ＭＰａ的条件下，原料气组成为Ｈ２ ５０－５４％，ＣＯ１１．７－２０．７％，ＣＨ４ ２．１－１４．３％，ＣＯ２ ６．４－１１．５％，Ｎ２ １２．２－１８．１％范围内，研究了φ×３ｍｍＳＤＭ－１型城市煤气耐硫甲烷化催化剂的宏观动力学方程选择 ＣＯ＋３Ｈ２＝ＣＨ４＋Ｈ２Ｏ （１） ＣＯ＋Ｈ２Ｏ＝ＣＯ２＋Ｈ２ （２）     

CO2选择性氧化甲烷制C2烃催化剂La2O3/ZnO的氧化还原和CO2吸附性能

Ｌａ２Ｏ３／ＺｎＯ催化剂体系在以二氧化碳作为氧化剂的甲烷氧化偶联反应中具有很高的Ｃ２烃选择性和稳定性．采用ＣＯ２－ＴＰＤ－ＭＳ和ＴＰＲ技术考察了Ｌａ２Ｏ３／ＺｎＯ对ＣＯ２的吸附性质及其氧化还原行为．结果表明：（１）Ｌａ２Ｏ３／ＺｎＯ催化剂体系存在着强、弱两种碱中心，其中弱碱中心数量随样品中Ｌａ２Ｏ３含量增加而减少，强碱中心强度随样品中Ｌａ２Ｏ３含量增加而增强．（２）由于组分相互作用，高温下，Ｌａ２Ｏ３／ＺｎＯ易产生晶格氧空位，使之对ＣＯ２的吸附增强，吸附后的ＣＯ２与晶格氧作用形成立方晶型Ｌａ２Ｏ２ＣＯ３．（３）Ｌａ２Ｏ３／ＺｎＯ表面的Ｌａ３＋和Ｚｎ２＋可以部分被还原，由于组分间的相互作用，使得二者的还原都较单一组分存在时更难．（４）Ｈ２－ＣＯ２－Ｈ２氧化还原循环实验表明，Ｌａ２Ｏ３／ＺｎＯ表面被部分还原后，ＣＯ２可以将部分被还原的表面再氧化．在此基础上对Ｌａ２Ｏ３／ＺｎＯ催化剂上甲烷与ＣＯ２转化为Ｃ２烃的机制也进行了讨论．     

OXIDATIVE COUPLING OF METHANE IN A CIRCULAR FIXED BED REACTOR WITH 30 mL MgO/BaCO_3 CATALYST

在甲烷氧化偶联反应中，采用了一种薄层环形固定床反应器，这种反应器有利于反应热的转移。在环形固定床反应器中进行的ＭｇＯ／ＢａＣＯ３催化剂稳定性试验结果表明，催化剂在５００ｈ试验中一直保持较高的活性。在ＣＨ４：Ｏ２：Ｈ２Ｏ＝５：１：２．３，ＣＨ４的ＧＨＳＶ为５７００ｈ－１的条件下，得到甲烷转化率为２６％，Ｃ２烃收率为１７．３％，Ｃ２选择性为６７．５％；水蒸汽作为稀释气引入反应中，可分散和带走催化剂床层过多的反应热，减小床层温差。ＸＲＤ结果表明，反应后的催化剂与新鲜催化剂的结构基本一致，催化剂具有稳定催化活性的原因，应归属于其结构的稳定性和具有一定的抗水蒸汽性能。     

CH4-CO2高压反应中水蒸气对催化剂稳定性的影响

研究了Ｐｔ／ＺｒＯ２催化剂在２．１ＭＰａ的压力下ＣＨ４－ＣＯ２重整反应中的稳定性，考察了原料中水的加入对催化剂稳定性的影响。结果表明，如水是提高ＣＨ４－ＣＯ２重整过程中催化剂稳定性的有效方法。在一定条件下，铂催化剂可以在长时间内得到ｎ（ＣＯ）／ｎ（Ｈ２）≈１的合成气。     

Ni/Al2O3催化剂上甲烷部分氧化制合成气

本研究了Ｎｉ／Ａｌ２Ｏ３催化剂的表面特征以及其与ＣＨ４部分氧化制合成气反应性能的关系。ＴＰＲ，ＸＲＤ和评价结果表明，催化剂Ｎｉ组分含量在９．０％时反应性能最佳，反应过程中催化剂表面上部有部分镍氧化物在５２０～５４０℃就还原，反应条件实验表明，在１１．５２×１０＾５ ｍｌ．ｇ＾－１下，随着反应管外控制温度的升高，ＣＨ４转化率，ＣＯ和Ｈ２选择性及收率增加，在７００℃下，随着原料气空速的增加，ＣＨ４转     

铁基超细粒子催化剂的F－T反应性能研究Ⅲ．反应条件的影响、稳定性及硫中毒

详细考察了反应条件，包括温度、压力、空速、原料气组成对Ｆｅ－Ｍｎ超细粒子催化剂Ｆ－Ｔ反应性能的影响。结果表明，反应条件对催化剂活性，低碳烯烃、ＣＯ＿２以及ＣＨ＿４选择性等都有一定的影响。在所考察的时间范围（８４０ｈ）内，即使在很宽的操作范围内操作，催化剂的稳定性仍能保持良好。硫中毒使催化剂的Ｆ－Ｔ反应活性逐渐下降，产物向轻质组分偏移，Ｃ＿２～Ｃ＿４组分中烯／烷比值下降，但Ｃ＿２～Ｃ＿４烯占总烃的质量百分比略有升高，ＣＯ＿２选择性急剧下降。     

一氧化碳和甲烷在微波等离子体下直接转化成低碳烃(英文)

本文报道了微波等离子体下（２．４５ＧＨｚ）一氧化碳和甲烷直接转化成低碳烃的一种新方法。研究了影响产物分布的几个因素：微波输入功率、反应物比例及体系压力。乙炔和乙烷是主要有机产物。随着微波输入功率的增加和体系压力或ＣＨ４／ＣＯ比例的降低，乙炔含量增加，乙烷含量减少。反应中有少量乙烯和Ｃ３烃生成。没有检测到Ｃ４及含氧有机化合物。     

Fe－P－O系催化剂上的甲烷氧化偶联

研究了Ｆｅ－Ｐ－Ｏ催化剂对甲烷氧化偶联（ＯＣＭ）的低温催化活性，考察了催化剂组分的优化，最适宜的反应温区，反应过程参数，助催化剂组分，催化剂的晶型结构和活性相以及Ｆ：元素键合状态的ＸＰＳ谱．确定了８％ＬｉＮＯ３－０．８Ｆｅ／Ｐ催化剂在６５０℃，ＣＨ４：Ｏ２：Ａｒ＝２：１：２及ＧＨＳＶ＝３０００ｈ－１条件下，可获得甲烷转化率为１１．９０％和Ｃ２烃选择性为６９．８１％的结果．添加ＬｉＮＯ３为助催成分，可有效改善催化剂表面酸活性中心的分布，防止ＯＣＭ中深度氧化和表面积炭，提高Ｃ２和Ｃ２烃选择性．该催化剂为可变价型，是六方形和料方形两种晶型结构的复合磷酸铁，活性相为斜方形ＦｅＰＯ４物相．     

HEPT类化合物的QSAR研究

为定量结构／活性相关性研究提取了量子化学参数,拓扑指数Am,分子连接性指数^mxt及疏水性常数,同时应用正交变换和最佳变量子集算法（Leaps-and-Bonds)进行了变量压缩和选择,进而实施了多元回归分析,并由此结果进行了HEPT类化合物（1－[(2-hydroxyethoxy)methyl]-6-(phenylthio)-thymine derivatives)的结构／活性关系的理论解释,进行了人工神经网络法对于该类化合物的活性预测,其结构明显好于多元回归法。     

From the Micro- to the Macro-: Managing the Conservation of the Warship,Vasa

Sweden's famous warship, Vasa, sank on her maiden voyage in August 1628, and remained on the bottom of Stockholm harbour for 333 years. Raised in 1961, she became the first large-scale wooden object to be treated with polyethylene glycol (PEG). In the summer of 2000 a number of acidic salt precipitations were noticed on the surface of the ship and on wooden artefacts in the storerooms. An international research project has been established to look into the causes of this problem and suggest possible re-treatments. Meanwhile projects are underway to monitor movements in the ship, to build a better support system, and to replace the thousands of iron bolts holding the structure together, while a sophisticated new climate system has recently been installed in the museum.     

液滴荧光传感与计算机联用技术在微量分析中的应用

通过在LS55型荧光-磷光-发光分光光度计上加装液滴产生及调节附件,采用计算机采集与分析处理数据,成功地研制了双通道液滴光化学传感装置.利用葡聚糖凝胶对复合维生素B中不同组分的选择性吸附来达到分离与同时检测的目的,并将其用于复合维生素B药片的分析,取得了满意的结果.     

On the scaling of the interface energy of the liquid clusters in the disordered nanoporous medium

Similarity of the extrusion curves of non-wetting liquid in a nanoporous medium with different initial fill volume fractions is observed experimentally. The similarity can be explained by the scaling of the interface energy and the self-similarity of the infinite percolation cluster of fluid-filled pores. Understanding the physical processes leading to the observed phenomena is a foundation for the development of high-performance devices for damping and energy storage on the basis of such heterogeneous systems.     

Using of the Agglomeration-in-liquid for the Technology of the Fine Materials

The content of the fine and ultrafine particles in the raw material results in difficulty of the separation, the loss of the valuable components and ecological contamination. Secondary using of the fine particles is impossible without their granulation. This problem has been solved by the agglomeration-in-liquid method.An agglomeration-in-liquid method is a process to produce agglomerates in a liquid phase from solid particles suspended in the liquid. The surface of solid particles and the binding liquid must be of identical polarity, but the continuous phase must be of the opposite polarity. The water solutions of the surfactant are the binding liquids or the organic liquids.     

Copper-containing dendromesogens: the influence of the metal on the mesomorphism

The synthesis and liquid crystalline behaviour of the first and second generations of a dendrimeric structure based on poly(propyleneimine)(DAB-dendr(NH₂)_x) are reported. 4-(4-n-Alkoxybenzoyloxy)salicylaldehydes are used as mesogenic moieties attached at the peripheral amino groups of the dendrimers giving rise to dendromesogens with four and eight mesogenic branches. From these dendromesogens, considered as organic ligands, were prepared six metal-containing dendrimers which incorporate two or four copper atoms in their structures. All the dendrimeric ligands and three of the metal-containing dendrimers exhibit liquid crystalline properties which were studied by optical microscopy, DSC, X-ray diffraction and EPR spectroscopy.     

On the quality of the hardness kernel and the Fukui function to evaluate the global hardness

An approximated hardness kernel, which includes the second derivative with respect to the density of the kinetic energy, the electron-electron coulomb repulsion, and the exchange density functionals, has been tested for the calculation of the global hardness. The results obtained for a series of 40 cations and neutral systems and 16 anions represent in most cases an improvement of the results obtained using the HOMO-LUMO gap approach and indicate the viability of this approach to evaluate global hardness. In addition, the relevance of the Fukui function approximation and the role of the three components of the hardness kernel in the evaluation of the global hardness have been analyzed.     

Influence of the Position of the Connecting Spacer of the Chromophore on the Nonlinear Optical Response

A new chromophore, C1 , based on a similar DπA‐structure as in the FTC ‐chromophore but with a hydroxyalkyl spacer perpendicular to the direction of the dipole moment was synthesized. Both chromophores and the CLD ‐chromophore were used to prepare high T_g nonlinear optical vinyl polymers. The influence of the position of the spacer on the DπA‐system on the NLO response of the resulting polymers was investigated.

     

光亮剂对银电沉积行为的影响

用电势阶跃法和旋转圆盘电极法 (RDE)以及SEM和XRD测试手段 ,初步研究了光亮剂对氰化体系中银电沉积行为的影响 .研究表明 ,光亮剂的加入并未导致银电沉积成核机理的改变 ,但显著增强了镀液的微观平整效应 ,并且所得镀层的表观光滑程度明显改善 .XRD测试亦同时表明光亮剂的加入并未改变镀层的择优取向