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1.
康淳  林延欣  景远聚  王新波 《化学进展》2022,34(10):2239-2253
MXenes是一类新型的二维过渡金属碳/氮化物或碳氮化物,是由Mn+1AXn相物质(MAX相)通过剥离而得到的单层或薄层纳米片。独特的二维层状结构、较大的比表面积以及出色的导电性、机械稳定性和磁性等性能,使MXenes迅速成为研究热点,并已广泛应用于储能、催化、吸附等众多领域。本文总结介绍了二维材料MXenes的制备方法,并重点综述其近年来在环境领域的应用研究进展,如吸附重金属、吸附放射性金属、吸附有机物、二氧化碳的选择性吸附、光催化、电催化、膜分离、传感器、生物活性、电磁吸收与屏蔽等进行了总结与回顾,最后对现阶段存在的问题和未来发展进行了分析。  相似文献   

2.
在电子信息和物联网技术的推动下,人类对可穿戴电子器件和智能织物的需求愈发突出,功能纤维作为智能可穿戴设备的重要载体,近年来获得快速发展。功能纤维的性能很大程度上取决于纤维的基础构筑单元。过渡金属碳/氮化物(MXenes)作为一种新兴的二维材料,凭借其高电导率、优异的可加工性能、可调节的表面特性以及出色的机械强度等优点,受到了极大的关注,也逐渐成为构筑功能纤维的重要单元。本文将主要综述MXenes的湿化学、熔融盐、无氟试剂刻蚀等方法和力学、电学、光学和化学稳定性等性能,阐述基于该材料制备的功能纤维在传感、储能以及其他智能领域的应用,最后讨论了基于MXenes材料的功能纤维的未来应用前景和技术挑战。  相似文献   

3.
MXene作为一种拥有层状结构的二维材料,具有良好的吸附催化性能、较宽的光吸收范围、高导热性、高硬度、高熔点、高导电性以及大比表面积等物理和化学特性,在储能、催化、润滑、抗菌、电磁屏蔽等领域有着较高应用价值。本文着重介绍了由前驱体MAX相获得MXene的制备方法,综述了MXene复合材料在光催化固氮、析氢、CO2还原等能源光催化领域的应用进展。  相似文献   

4.
新型二维纳米材料在电化学领域的应用与发展   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
以石墨烯为代表的新型二维纳米材料具有独特的结构和优异的电子特性,在电化学各领域具有巨大的应用潜力。 本综述总结了新型二维纳米材料在电化学各领域(能源存储、能源转化和电化学传感)的研究现状和存在的问题。 展望了二维纳米材料在电化学领域的发展趋势。  相似文献   

5.
化石燃料的大量消耗造成大气中二氧化碳浓度持续增加,导致温室效应、海平面上升等严重气候与环境问题,利用太阳光催化将CO2还原为具有附加值的碳氢燃料被视为最有潜力的解决方法之一。研究者已经开发出了多种光催化剂,其中碳点是一种尺寸小于10 nm的新型碳纳米材料,具有独特的上转换发光性质,可促进电子转移,合成方法友好且安全,广泛地应用在光催化还原CO2领域。本文从光催化还原CO2机理着手,在光吸收效率、载流子分离效率、CO2吸附能力和多重作用四个方面,详细综述了碳点及碳点复合材料在光催化还原CO2中的作用机制及性能评价,归纳了碳点在光催化还原CO2领域的优势,分析了其中存在的挑战和解决问题的可能途径,展望了未来发展前景,为促进碳点基光催化剂的发展提供新思路。  相似文献   

6.
二氧化钛(TiO2)是一种具有光催化活性的纳米晶半导体,在自然界有锐钛矿、金红石、板钛矿三种结晶形态.TiO2因其低成本、无毒、理化性质稳定、吸附性好等优点而备受关注,是目前研究最多的光催化半导体材料.但是,TiO2是宽禁带半导体,只能吸收紫外区域的光波,这在一定程度上限制TiO2在光催化领域的应用.因此,为了拓宽Ti...  相似文献   

7.
电子鼻结合人工智能对呼出气进行检测、分析和识别已成为非侵入性医疗检测领域的研究热点.然而,目前已报道的气体传感材料尚不能同时满足高灵敏度、高选择性和稳定的室温检测,阻碍了气体传感器在医疗健康领域的应用及发展,寻找合适的传感材料具有重要的意义和挑战.新型二维层状纳米材料MXenes具有种类多、比表面积大、导电性能强、表面...  相似文献   

8.
王心蕊  程慧敏  唐丽萍  李丽  闫东鹏 《应用化学》2018,35(10):1166-1173
二维层状离子型纳米材料具有独特的结构和界面性能,使其在透皮吸收、防晒、活性物的靶向传递、构建稳定的纳米微胶囊等功效中显示出极大的优势,在化妆品行业中具有良好的市场前景。 该类化合物根据层板电荷不同可分为阳离子型粘土材料和阴离子型水滑石类材料。 基于近年来国内外对二者的研究报道和实验研究成果,本文综述了二维离子型纳米材料的特点、性能及其在化妆品领域的应用历史和发展现状,并进一步展望了该类材料在化妆品领域中的应用前景。  相似文献   

9.
二维(2D)层状石墨型氮化碳纳米片(CNNS)由于具有各向异性的2D几何形态和芳香族p-π共轭骨架,高度开放的平面结构、超高的比表面积、增强的电子迁移速率和与层厚度相关可调的半导体带隙等特征,是目前2D层状材料的研究热点之一。 本文综述了近年来氮化碳纳米片的各种制备方法、功能化改性和应用,涉及环保、能源转换及生物传感等领域。 最后指出进一步探索制备高质量氮化碳纳米片的新方法以及拓展其在光催化领域的应用是未来研究的重点。  相似文献   

10.
环境友好型半导体光催化是当前最具前景的光催化技术之一,它不仅能够将太阳能转化为化学能以解决能源危机,还可以将污染物降解矿化从而解决环境问题.但是,传统的半导体光催化剂受限于光利用率低、光生载流子复合率高、稳定性较差等几个方面,无法达到理想的光催化效果.在半导体光催化剂上负载助催化剂是提升光催化效率的有效策略之一.负载助催化剂能够增强光生电荷在半导体与助催化剂界面间的传输,提供额外的催化活性位点,增强光捕获能力,因而被广泛应用于光催化剂的改性.目前广泛使用的贵金属助催化剂包括Au,Ag,Pt,Ru等,虽然这些贵金属助催化剂性能优异,但是它们存在储量少和成本高的问题,严重影响其规模化应用.因此,开展高效且成本低廉的非贵金属助催化剂的研究非常必要.近来,一种新型二维过渡金属材料(MXene)因其具有独特的二维层状结构、优异的导电性能、出色的光学和热力学性质而成为催化领域的研究热点.本文综述了有关非贵金属助催化剂MXene在光催化领域的最新研究进展,内容包括:(1)MXene材料的体相与表面结构特性;(2)薄层MXene的制备方法,例如氢氟酸刻蚀法、氢氟酸替代物刻蚀法以及熔融氟盐刻蚀法;(3)MXene基复合光催化剂的合成及改性策略,包括机械混合、自组装、原位氧化等;(4)MXene辅助增强光催化活性机理.论文还重点介绍了MXene作为助催化剂在光催化领域中的应用,包括光催化分解水产氢、光催化CO2还原、光催化固氮以及有机污染物的光催化降解.最后,论文分析了MXene基异质结光催化剂存在的问题与面临的挑战,并对MXene助催化剂的未来发展进行了展望.主要观点包括:(1)关于光催化分解水、空气净化、合成氨领域的研究较少,需要进一步开展;(2)MXene基异质结光催化剂的反应机理仍存在争议,需采用现代化仪器设备(包括原位表征技术)对其进行更为深入的探究;(3)目前,大多数MXene材料的制备都是通过强腐蚀性的氢氟酸或氢氟酸替代物刻蚀,开发环境友好且高效的MXene制备方法迫在眉睫;(4)阐明MXene表面终端基团的作用有助于提升MXene基复合光催化剂的性能;(5)引入新的改性策略如局域表面等离子体共振效应(LSPR)、缺陷调控、单原子催化(SAC)等来提高MXene基光催化剂的催化性能,是未来MXene基复合催化剂的发展方向.  相似文献   

11.
    
Due to their unique layered microstructure, the presence of various functional groups at the surface, earth abundance, and attractive electrical, optical, and thermal properties, MXenes are considered promising candidates for the solution of energy- and environmental-related problems. It is seen that the energy conversion and storage capacity of MXenes can be enhanced by changing the material dimensions, chemical composition, structure, and surface chemistry. Hence, it is also essential to understand how one can easily improve the structure–property relationship from an applied point of view. In the current review, we reviewed the fabrication, properties, and potential applications of MXenes. In addition, various properties of MXenes such as structural, optical, electrical, thermal, chemical, and mechanical have been discussed. Furthermore, the potential applications of MXenes in the areas of photocatalysis, electrocatalysis, nitrogen fixation, gas sensing, cancer therapy, and supercapacitors have also been outlooked. Based on the reported works, it could easily be observed that the properties and applications of MXenes can be further enhanced by applying various modification and functionalization approaches. This review also emphasizes the recent developments and future perspectives of MXenes-based composite materials, which will greatly help scientists working in the fields of academia and material science.  相似文献   

12.
The electrocatalysis of oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) is of paramount importance in energy-converting systems such as fuel cells and metal–air batteries. Unfortunately, the ORR kinetics is sluggish even at prohibitive platinum group metal catalysts. Two-dimensional materials have attracted increasing interest for energy production and storage in the last years, due to their exceptional chemical, physical, optical, and electronic properties. In this review, we briefly report the recent progress of two-dimensional catalysts for the ORR. Particularly, we approach to heteroatom-doped graphenic materials, dichalcogenides, and MXenes offering results that demonstrate outstanding properties of these materials for the construction of competitive ORR electrocatalysts without platinum group metals.  相似文献   

13.
    
The geometrically multiplied development of 2D MXenes has already promoted the prosperity of various fields of scientific researches especially but not limited in energy storage and conversion.Notably,cation intercalation can improve the interlayer spacing of MXenes resulting in tunable physical and chemical properties.Moreover,the synchrotron radiation X-ray characterizations have also shown high potential on exploring the property and structu re of cation intercalated MXe nes.This review is mainly focused on the recent achievements of cation intercalated MXenes through different methods on energy storage systems.Synchrotron-based X-ray absorption spectroscopic characterizations are emphasized to probe the local coordination and electronic structure in intercalated MXenes.The outlook of cation intercalation on MXenes and their applications are also discus sed.  相似文献   

14.
    
MXenes as a new category of 2D materials have caused a particularly large impact in numerous fields of scientific research and technical applications in recent years. Their open 2D structure and excellent electronic conductivity provide many electrochemically active sites and rapid electron-transfer paths for reversible Faradic reaction and then render them promising electrode materials for electrochemical energy storage. They offer outstanding volumetric capacitance in supercapacitors and excellent rate capability in rechargeable batteries. Numerous efforts have been made in the past several years. However, research on MXenes has just begun. This review aims to offer useful guidance for the synthesis of high-quality MXene materials and promote their practical energy applications in supercapacitors, lithium-ion batteries, and beyond lithium-ion batteries. A brief discussion of the challenges and opportunities for future research on MXenes is finally presented.  相似文献   

15.
16.
    
The increasing demand for high-performance rechargeable energy storage systems has stimulated the exploration of advanced electrode materials. MXenes are a class of two-dimensional (2D) inorganic transition metal carbides/nitrides, which are promising candidates in electrodes. The layered structure facilitates ion insertion/extraction, which offers promising electrochemical characteristics for electrochemical energy storage. However, the low capacity accompanied by sluggish electrochemical kinetics of electrodes as well as interlayer restacking and collapse significantly impede their practical applications. Recently, interlayer space engineering of MXenes by different chemical strategies have been widely investigated in designing functional materials for various applications. In this review, an overview of the most recent progress of 2D MXenes engineering by intercalation, surface modification as well as heterostructures design is provided. Moreover, some critical challenges in future research on MXene-based electrodes have been also proposed.  相似文献   

17.
    
Two-dimensional (2D) carbide and nitride MXenes possess properties that are desirable for a broad range of electrocatalytic applications including the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). These properties include high surface area, hydrophilicity, heterogeneity of redox-active transition metals, and tunable surface functionalities allowing for low HER overpotentials. In this paper, we report on the cathodic etching and −O/−OH functionalization of hybrid Ti3CN upon the application of an external potential for improved HER performance and show that the active sites for HER on this MXene catalyst are located primarily on the −O− and −OH functional groups. The overpotential for the hybrid Ti3CN improves by 350 mV upon in-situ −O/−OH functionalization and etching, reaching −0.46 V vs. RHE at a current density of 10 mA cm−2, much lower than those reported for the benchmark Ti3C2 carbide MXene. These results provide a path forward to tuning the electrocatalytic activity of MXenes and related electrocatalysts for water splitting.  相似文献   

18.
通过高温煅烧法和共沉淀法成功制备BiOBr/CeO2复合材料,采用X射线衍射仪(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和比表面积孔径分析仪(BET)等手段对光催化材料进行表征,并将该复合材料用于光催化降解磺胺异恶唑。 研究表明, BiOBr/CeO2对可见光有更高的吸收性能,比CeO2和BiOBr具有更强的降解效率。 自由基捕获实验证明,催化剂降解过程中起主要作用的活性基团是·O-2和h+。 CeO2的复合提高了材料的光利用效率,能够促进光生电荷分离,进而提高材料的光催化活性。 回收再利用实验表明,BiOBr/CeO2 复合材料具备较好的稳定性,循环3次后催化活性无明显衰减。  相似文献   

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