串联催化剂上CO2催化转化制备高附加值烃类研究进展

将CO₂作为可利用的碳资源催化转化为高附加值化学品或液体燃料对于节能减排和碳资源的循环利用具有重要意义。由于CO₂分子的化学惰性及高的C–C键耦合能垒,导致CO₂的选择性活化及可控转化极具挑战。近年来,随着研究的不断深入及串联催化体系的构建,世界各国研究者在CO₂催化加氢制备高附加值烃类方面取得了突破性的研究进展。然而,在串联催化过程中,Fe基催化剂或金属氧化物与分子筛间的协同匹配、活性组分间的组装方式、分子筛的孔道结构及酸性、以及反应条件及气氛均对CO₂加氢的产物分布影响显著。有鉴于此,本综述针对CO₂加氢制备高附加值烃（低碳烯烃、异构烷烃、汽油及芳烃）的串联催化反应体系,重点介绍串联催化剂上影响CO₂活化、转化及目标产物生成的关键因素以及串联催化剂的稳定性,并在此基础上对CO₂催化加氢的未来和前景进行总结和展望。     

基于碳化钼材料CO2加氢制备高附加值化学品的热催化研究进展(英文)

CO₂加氢对于CO₂转化制备高附加值化学品和燃料以实现二氧化碳利用及能源储存至关重要。CO₂加氢包括甲烷化、逆水煤气变换、甲醇化和CO₂直接费托合成等。碳化钼,尤其是其二维材料,由于其低成本和良好的性能而备受关注。在CO₂加氢反应中,由于碳的渗入,导致晶格膨胀以及价电子增加,碳化钼基催化剂展现出了类似于贵金属催化剂的性质。碳化钼可以通过程序升温渗碳法、选择性蚀刻法、机械合金合成法、化学气相沉积法、原位热渗碳法以及溶液相合成法等来制备。到目前为止,学者已经对基于碳化钼的材料的CO₂转化进行大量研究,这些材料具有良好的CO₂转化活性和对目标产物的选择性。碳化钼材料的催化性能可以通过调节碳化钼中的C/Mo比、在碳化钼与负载金属之间建立强的金属-载体相互作用以及调整材料的界面结构来实现。然而,基于碳化钼的热催化CO₂转化仍处于初级阶段。本文综述基于碳化钼的热催化CO₂加氢制备高附加值化学品和燃料的研...     

催化选择转化多羟基化合物制备高附加值化学品研究进展

对近年来催化转化多羟基化合物制备5-羟甲基糠醛、乙二醇、1,2-丙二醇、1,3-丙二醇等高附加值化学品进行了综述. 分析了果糖、葡萄糖、纤维素等不同结构的碳水化合物制5-羟甲基糠醛存在的挑战, 并对相应的解决方法进行了总结. 对于5-羟甲基糠醛的转化, 我们重点讨论了5-羟甲基糠醛选择性氧化制备2,5-二甲酰基呋喃和2,5-呋喃二甲酸以及它们作为聚合单体的潜在应用. 概述了催化氢解纤维素、糖醇、甘油等多羟基化合物制备乙二醇、1,2-丙二醇、1,3-丙二醇等二元醇的方法, 并对可能的机理进行了讨论. 依据近年来多羟基化合物催化选择性转化制备高附加值化学品的研究现状, 对今后的研究热点进行了展望.     

光热催化还原二氧化碳反应器研究进展

光热催化还原技术是二氧化碳资源化的研究热点之一。设计高效的新型催化剂材料,是构建有效的光热催化反应体系的重要内容,而开发与催化材料适配的反应器,则可以最大化地发挥催化剂的性能,是光热催化放大反应的关键。本文综述了光热催化反应器的不同形式,讨论了光热催化关键变量温度、光照、给料类型和运行方式对反应器设计的影响。总结了反应器设计的局限性和挑战性,为光热催化还原二氧化碳的技术发展提出了展望。     

等离子体催化二氧化碳转化的研究进展*

本文综述了近年来利用等离子体活化及等离子与催化剂协同活化二氧化碳转化的研究进展,同时对其活化机理也进行了讨论,分析了当前等离子体二氧化碳活化法存在的问题,并提出了今后的研究方向。     

CO2催化制备高附加值多碳含氧化合物的研究进展

将温室气体CO₂通过化学反应路径制备高附加值多碳含氧化合物如乙醇、乙酸、丙醛、丙酸、丁醇等具有挑战性。由于C-C偶联反应的复杂性和成键的不可控性,导致合成多碳高值含氧化合物困难。本工作总结了近期在连续流固定床条件下CO₂催化合成高附加值多碳含氧化合物的研究进展。首先归纳了CO₂加氢路径下可能的反应机理;其次总结了CO₂直接加氢(一步法、串联法)、CO₂与轻烃重整、CO₂氢甲酰化等不同反应路径下具有潜力的催化剂,包括金属碳化物、碱金属修饰的Cu、Fe、Co、Rh等单金属或二元金属制备多碳高值含氧化合物的特点,并进一步阐述了不同催化剂上的作用机制。最后对目前存在的问题和未来可能的解决方案进行了讨论和展望。     

人工碳循环——二氧化碳转化利用技术

纵观历史长河,从薪柴到煤炭,再到油气和新能源,每次能源的更替都极大地促进了社会生产力的发展。从化学角度看,能源革命的本质就是“减碳趋氢”的过程。本文在介绍了能源发展史后,简单阐述了能源利用的本质及不同能源的结构差异;随后从反应热力学和动力学角度,重点介绍了CO₂作为重要碳一(C₁)资源的转化利用技术及研究进展;最后展望了我国未来碳科学与技术的总旋律。     

铁掺杂铈基复合氧化物CO催化还原NO的性能研究

采用浸渍法、水热法和微波加热法制备铁掺杂的铈基复合氧化物催化剂,研究温度、铈铁摩尔比、制备方法对铈基复合氧化物的催化还原性能的影响,并且使用BET, NO-TPD, H₂-TPR, XRD, Raman等对催化剂进行表征分析。结果表明：随着温度的升高,NO转化率是一个先不断增加后趋于稳定的过程;无论是浸渍法、水热法还是微波加热法,最佳铈铁摩尔比均为10∶2; 3种制备方法的催化活性顺序：微波加热法>水热法>浸渍法。微波加热法制备的铈基复合氧化物催化剂在500℃的脱硝率为76%,脱硝率在700℃达到99%。通过XRD和Raman表征说明Fe³⁺取代Ce⁹⁴⁺进入到CeO₂晶格中,改变CeO₂的萤石结构,增加氧空位,造成晶格畸变。     

熔盐电化学还原二氧化碳制备碳材料研究进展北大核心CSCD

二氧化碳浓度持续升高导致的温室效应已在全球范围内引发极端天气、冰川融化等一系列生态环境问题。为降低二氧化碳含量,改善气候变暖带来的恶劣影响,研发高效、绿色、安全的二氧化碳处理技术,促进碳资源循环可持续发展刻不容缓。熔盐离子液体作为一种良好的电化学转化介质,为二氧化碳还原提供了一条极具应用前景的技术路线。综述了国内外近几年高温熔盐中二氧化碳的捕获与电化学还原的研究,简述了熔盐电沉积碳的电化学机理和热力学机制,对不同形貌高附加值碳材料:无定形碳、碳球和碳纳米管的制备进行了总结,最后对未来发展方向做出展望。     

Elemental Boron for Efficient Carbon Dioxide Reduction under Light Irradiation

The photoreduction of CO₂ is attractive for the production of renewable fuels and the mitigation of global warming. Herein, we report an efficient method for CO₂ reduction over elemental boron catalysts in the presence of only water and light irradiation through a photothermocatalytic process. Owing to its high solar‐light absorption and effective photothermal conversion, the illuminated boron catalyst experiences remarkable self‐heating. This process favors CO₂ activation and also induces localized boron hydrolysis to in situ produce H₂ as an active proton source and electron donor for CO₂ reduction as well as boron oxides as promoters of CO₂ adsorption. These synergistic effects, in combination with the unique catalytic properties of boron, are proposed to account for the efficiency of the CO₂ reduction. This study highlights the promise of photothermocatalytic strategies for CO₂ conversion and also opens new avenues towards the development of related solar‐energy utilization schemes.     

二氧化碳间接转化制化学品的研究进展

二氧化碳直接利用较为困难, 因此先将其转化为环碳酸酯等二氧化碳衍生物, 进而间接转化为其它化学品是实现二氧化碳资源化利用的重要手段之一, 具有良好的应用前景. 本文综合评述了二氧化碳转化为环碳酸酯继而间接利用的近期研究进展, 重点介绍了环碳酸酯的加氢反应、 醇解反应和氨解反应中的均相和多相催化体系, 对反应机理进行了阐述, 并展望了该领域仍待解决的问题和发展前景.     

Oxygenates from the Electrochemical Reduction of Carbon Dioxide

Electrochemical reduction of carbon dioxide (CO₂) driven by renewable electricity to give chemicals and fuels is considered an ideal approach that can alleviate both carbon emission and energy tension stress. High‐value chemicals such as oxygenates can be effectively produced from the electroreduction of CO₂, and this is highly attractive to promote the economy and applicability of CO₂ utilization. This review focuses on recent advancements in the electrochemical reduction of CO₂ to formic acid, methanol, ethanol, acetic acid, and other oxygenates. The principles of the process, influencing factors, and typical catalysts are summarized. On the basis of the aforementioned discussions, we present future prospects for further development of the electroreduction of CO₂ to oxygenates.     

Efficient Visible‐Light‐Driven Carbon Dioxide Reduction by a Single‐Atom Implanted Metal–Organic Framework

Modular optimization of metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) was realized by incorporation of coordinatively unsaturated single atoms in a MOF matrix. The newly developed MOF can selectively capture and photoreduce CO₂ with high efficiency under visible‐light irradiation. Mechanistic investigation reveals that the presence of single Co atoms in the MOF can greatly boost the electron–hole separation efficiency in porphyrin units. Directional migration of photogenerated excitons from porphyrin to catalytic Co centers was witnessed, thereby achieving supply of long‐lived electrons for the reduction of CO₂ molecules adsorbed on Co centers. As a direct result, porphyrin MOF comprising atomically dispersed catalytic centers exhibits significantly enhanced photocatalytic conversion of CO₂, which is equivalent to a 3.13‐fold improvement in CO evolution rate (200.6 μmol g^?1 h^?1) and a 5.93‐fold enhancement in CH₄ generation rate (36.67 μmol g^?1 h^?1) compared to the parent MOF.     

一体化电极电催化二氧化碳还原研究进展

电催化二氧化碳还原反应(E-CO₂RR)可在温和条件下将CO₂转化成高附加值燃料或化学品,近年来受到广泛关注,其在实际反应中涉及到气体扩散和多电子转移等复杂过程,构筑高效、稳定的催化电极是其发展的核心之一。然而,传统涂敷电极制备时,需要将催化剂与粘结剂混合涂覆于集流体表面,此过程会造成活性位点包埋和传质过程受限,致使催化剂活性位利用率下降,同时在反应过程中电极表面容易粉化,造成稳定性下降,难以重复利用。因此,如何调控电极反应界面,提升催化剂活性位的利用率仍面临挑战。将催化剂原位生长于集流体上得到的一体化电极可直接应用于电催化反应,不仅有利于提升活性位利用率以及电荷传输能力,还能有效调控三相界面处的微观反应环境(如pH、反应物及反应中间体的浓度等),从而实现电催化性能强化。本文综述了一体化电极用于E-CO₂RR的最新进展,分析了结构和表界面调控对E-CO₂RR性能的影响规律,并对该领域仍然存在的挑战和未来一体化E-CO₂RR电极的发展进行了评述与展望。     

Recent Advances in Covalent Organic Frameworks for Catalysis

Covalent organic frameworks (COFs) as an emerging type of crystalline porous materials, have obtained considerable attention recently. They have exhibited diverse structure and attractive performance in various catalytic reactions. It is highly expected to have a systematic and comprehensive review summing up COFs‐derived catalysts in homogeneous and heterogeneous catalysis, which is favorable to the judicious design of an efficient catalyst for targeted reaction. Herein, we focus on summarizing recent and significant developments in COFs materials, with an emphasis on both the synthetic strategies and targeted functionalization, and categorize it in accordance with the different types of catalytic reactions. Their potential catalysis applications are reviewed thoroughly. Moreover, a personal view about the future development of COFs catalysts with respect to the large‐scale production is also discussed.     

Catalysis of Carbon Dioxide Photoreduction on Nanosheets: Fundamentals and Challenges

The transformation of CO₂ into fuels and chemicals by photocatalysis is a promising strategy to provide a long‐term solution to mitigating global warming and energy‐supply problems. Achievements in photocatalysis during the last decade have sparked increased interest in using sunlight to reduce CO₂. Traditional semiconductors used in photocatalysis (e.g. TiO₂) are not suitable for use in natural sunlight and their performance is not sufficient even under UV irradiation. Some two‐dimensional (2D) materials have recently been designed for the catalytic reduction of CO₂. These materials still require significant modification, which is a challenge when designing a photocatalytic process. An overarching aim of this Review is to summarize the literature on the photocatalytic conversion of CO₂ by various 2D materials in the liquid phase, with special attention given to the development of novel 2D photocatalyst materials to provide a basis for improved materials.     

An Anthracene-Based Metal-Organic Framework for Selective Photo-Reduction of Carbon Dioxide to Formic Acid Coupled with Water Oxidation

A Zr-based metal-organic framework has been synthesized and employed as a catalyst for photochemical carbon dioxide reduction coupled with water oxidation. The catalyst shows significant carbon dioxide reduction property with concomitant water oxidation. The catalyst has broad visible light as well as UV light absorption property, which is further confirmed from electronic absorption spectroscopy. Formic acid was the only reduced product from carbon dioxide with a turn-over frequency (TOF) of 0.69 h⁻¹ in addition to oxygen, which was produced with a TOF of 0.54 h⁻¹. No external photosensitizer is used and the ligand itself acts as the light harvester. The efficient and selective photochemical carbon dioxide reduction to formic acid with concomitant water oxidation using Zr-based MOF as catalyst is thus demonstrated here.