硬脂酸镍与焦性没食子酸的热致变色反应研究

本文报道了硬脂酸镍(NiSt₂)和焦性没食子酸(Pyrogallic acid,PGA)的热致变色现象,研究了热敏涂层的显色密度随加热温度和时间的变化关系.结果表明,涂层密度随温度的升高和时间的延长而增大.通过溶解度实验和吸收光谱的分析,推测了热致变色的可能产物是NiSt₂和PGA生成的某种分子化合物,该分子化合物随浓度的增加可能形成某种分子聚集体,在可见光区产生新的吸收峰.     

磷腈-紫精聚合物的合成与电致变色性能

以六氯环三磷腈作为核心、紫精为电致变色活性基,合成了一种新型有机-无机杂化电致变色材料六(1-乙基-4,4’-联吡啶-甲基苯氧基)环三磷腈(PHV²⁺).通过傅里叶变换红外光谱(FTIR)、X射线衍射(XRD)及核磁共振氢谱(1H NMR)表征了PHV²⁺的结构.优良的水溶性使得该化合物可以通过简单的方法构造一个以聚乙烯醇(PVA)为凝胶基质的电致变色水凝胶,具有成本低廉及无毒害的优点.以氟掺杂氧化锡(FTO)涂层玻璃作为电极材料,PHV²⁺作为电致变色材料制备了PHV²⁺/PVA/KCl电致变色器件(PHV²⁺/PVA/KCl ECD).该电致变色器件在2. 1 V电压下由淡黄色变为紫色,颜色变化明显,并且该颜色变化可以循环500次;器件在526 nm处的光学对比度达到62. 19%.良好的电致变色性质使该化合物在电致变色器件方面具有潜在应用价值.     

微纳米VO2膜层高温相变原位X射线衍射测试方法研究

通过设计、自制加热样品台结合商业X射线衍射仪的小角掠入射衍射模式,开发了微纳米膜层的原位高温相变测试方法,解决了样品表面微纳米膜层材料（厚度 < 10 μm）的高温相变难以原位测量的问题.研究了样品台与膜层表面的温度分布特征,验证了自制加热样品台的控温效果,原位测试了不同温度下二氧化钒（VO₂）膜层的X射线衍射图谱,揭示了VO₂膜层的高温相变行为.     

不同整比性VO2纳米粉体的合成

以V₂O₅,HCl,N₂H₄·2HCl和NH₄HCO₃为原料合成了紫红色多晶(NH₄)₅[(VO)₆(CO₃)₄(OH)₉]·10H₂O(I),产率80％～95％.在N₂气流中对前体I进行了TG/DTG和DTA热分析.研究了前体I在N₂-空气气流中热解时氧分压(po₂)和反应温度对产物VO₂整比性的影响.结果表明,在500℃条件下,VO_x中的x值与po₂呈正比关系,在po₂=30.3Pa条件下,在450～520℃区间,产物为缺氧VO₂;在t<450℃和t>520℃时,产物为富氧VO₂.在合适的条件下,成功地合成了从VO_1.927到VO_2.080之间不同整比性的VO₂粉体.产物组成均匀,其XRD谱未观察到非VO₂的杂质峰.VO₂粉体颗粒的平均粒径为20nm,粒度分布均匀并呈球形.     

相变贮热材料四氯合钴酸铵共析物的制备和热性能

在温度353 K的乙醇溶液中, 采用热回流法合成了热致相变化合物四氯合钴酸铵(1-C_nH_2n+1NH₃)₂CoCl₄(n=10, 18)(分别简写为C₁₀Co、C₁₈Co)及其二元混合物. 利用差示扫描量热和X射线法对二元体系进行了表征.根据测定实验数据构筑二元相图, 所得相图结果表明, 在w_C10Co=52.51% (质量分数)处存在中间化合物(1-C₁₀H₂₁NH₃)(1-C₁₈H₃₇NH₃)CoCl₄. 相图还包括两个三相线, 相对应的两个共析温度分别为(347±1)和(343±1) K, 共析点分别在w_C10Co=38.50%和w_C10Co=69.86%处. 并且, 在相图的左右边界存在端际固溶体(α、β)及中间区域存在非化学计量相(γ). 四氯合钴酸铵及其二元混合体系作为相变材料贮热时, 相变温度范围为340-370 K, 相变焓大小范围在2.13到141.12 J·g^-1之间.     

钒钨酸盐-CdS纳米粒子复合膜的制备与电致变色性能

通过层-层自组装方法制备了由Dawson结构三钒取代型钨酸盐1-K₉P₂W₁₅V₃O₆₂·18H₂O(P₂W₁₅V₃)与CdS纳米粒子构筑的复合膜材料, 研究了CdS纳米粒子添加和复合膜层数对P₂W₁₅V₃多酸复合膜材料电致变色性能的影响. 采用UV, XRD, SEM和循环伏安等测试手段对复合材料的结构和性能进行了表征; 将电化学工作站和紫外-可见吸收光谱联用, 在-1.0~+1.0 V的电压范围内, 对不同层数、 有无CdS纳米粒子复合的的膜材料的电致变色性能进行研究. 研究结果表明, 20层的复合膜材料性能最佳, 光反差为38.05%, 着色时间为3.57 s, 褪色时间为6.94 s, 最大着色效率达到94.04 cm²/C, 实现了从无色、 蓝色到蓝紫色, 再到无色的可逆颜色变化, 相对于单独P₂W₁₅V₃膜, 光反差提高46.07%, 着色效率提高96.53%, 电致变色性能显著提高.     

基于无机电致变色材料的变色储能器件

电致变色和电化学储能的原理均是基于电荷在电极中的嵌入或脱出而发生的氧化还原反应,具有相同的电化学本质。将电致变色和电化学储能功能集成在一起的电化学器件即电致变色储能器件。以锂离子电池为代表的电化学储能器件已广泛商业化,单一功能的电致变色器件也已被广泛报道并有商业化应用,但有关电致变色储能器件的研究仍然停留在实验阶段。该类器件在电化学储能的同时,可以改变其在可见光甚至红外波段的透射率,并可用颜色指示器件的荷电状态,为电化学器件提供新的应用前景。电致变色储能器件主要包括电致变色超级电容器、电致变色电池和光驱动电致变色智能窗等。电致变色超级电容器和电致变色电池以同时具有电致变色效应和电荷存储性质的材料为正负电极,光驱动电致变色智能窗则还包括将光能转化为电能的光电转换部分。这些器件可用于建筑节能智能窗、静态显示、智能传感等。此外,在柔性基底上制备的可穿戴电致变色储能器件在智能服装、植入显示器和电子皮肤等方面具有应用潜力。本文从基本原理、研究进展和应用领域等方面对无机电致变色储能材料与器件进行综述,并提出未来的研究展望。     

“元素化学实验”中的热致变色现象(一)——部分Co(Ⅱ)化合物的热致变色现象及其变色机理探讨

以探讨Co²⁺鉴定实验过程中意外发现在适量CoCl₂溶液中加入适量NH₄SCN溶液的体系具有可逆热致变色现象为切入点,在分析和探讨其热致变色机理的基础上,顺势通过"先做后教、以做定教"实验教学的"翻转课堂"模式,即学生完成元素化学实验,具有亲身经历和切身体会后,以"问题"为导向,以生动直观的演示实验现象为基础,引导学生直观认识一些Co(Ⅱ)化合物的热致变色现象及其影响因素,启发学生应用化学原理与化学知识解释和探讨热致变色现象产生的本质,以加深学生对配合物的结构、性质以及分裂能概念的理解,培养学生的观察、分析、判断、归纳、推理、总结和探索规律的能力以及"批判性"思维能力。     

无模板电化学沉积法制备多孔WO3·2H2O薄膜及其电致变色性能

二水合氧化钨(WO₃·2H₂O)因其独特的层状结构且富含层间结构水,与无水WO₃相比显示出更加优异的电致变色性能。我们采用简单、无模板的阴极电化学沉积方法,成功在氧化铟锡(ITO)导电玻璃基底上制备了WO₃·2H₂O薄膜。通过改变电沉积液中过氧化氢(H₂O₂)的加入量优化沉积液的成分,获得了具有纳米多孔结构的薄膜。由此制备的WO₃·2H₂O薄膜显示出大的光学对比度(633 nm处的光学对比度大于90%)、快速的响应速度(着色、褪色时间均小于10 s),以及良好的循环稳定性(经10 000次循环后,光学对比度仍保持在90%左右)。     

两种砷钼杂化多酸盐的合成、 结构及变色性质

分别以2种V形羧酸[1,3-苯二甲酸(H₂BDC)和5-羟基-1,3-苯二甲酸(H₂OIP)]与钼酸铵进行反应, 得到了 2种有机酸根与无机酸根缩合构成的杂化砷钼酸盐： (NH₄)₁₇H₄[(AsMo₆O₂₁)₂(AsMo₆O₂₃)(BDC)₄]·28H₂O(1)和 (NH₄)₅Cs₈H₆[(AsMo₆O₂₁)₃(OIP)₅]·40H₂O(2). 利用单晶X射线衍射对2种化合物进行了结构分析, 发现二者均为三聚结构. 对2种化合物的光致变色及热致变色性质进行了研究, 发现在氙灯照射下2种化合物均可在5 min内变色. 当将2种化合物的样品加热到373 K时, 均出现颜色变化, 并随着温度升高颜色逐渐加深. 光致变色与热致变色过程前后的EPR检测结果均提示化合物的颜色变化与Mo^VI转化为Mo^V有关.     

二氧化碳和丙烯直接合成甲基丙烯酸的NiPMo/TiO2催化剂的研究

用溶胶-凝胶法以磷钼酸(MPA)的镍盐溶液水解钛酸四丁酯制备了NiPMo/TiO2催化剂.使用ICP、 XRD、 TG-DTA、 IR、 TPD-MS和微反应技术研究了催化剂的化学组成、热稳定性、化学吸附性质和催化反应性能.杂多钼酸盐与TiO2通过O2-在TiO2表面发生了键合.在623 K下,杂多阴离子仍保持原有的Keggin结构.CO2在Lewis酸位Ni(Ⅱ)和Lewis碱位Ni-O-Mo的桥氧协同作用下生成CO2卧式吸附态Ni(Ⅱ)←O-(CO)←(O--Ni).丙烯有多种吸附态在催化剂上吸附.在563 K、 1 MPa和空速1500 h-1的反应条件下,丙烯的摩尔转化率为3.2%,产物MAA选择性为95%.     

Synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives

Different approaches for the synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives from simple amino acids have been investigated. A library of 33 precursors for the preparation of N-hydroxy pyrazinones was obtained in moderate to good yields.     

Toward new camptothecins. Part 6: Synthesis of crucial ketones and their use in Friedländer reaction

In the context of the preparation of camptothecin and luotonin A analogs, the synthesis of some key keto-precursors and their use in Friedländer condensation are described. This paper also focuses on the stability of these keto intermediates and emphasizes the major differences between indolizinones and pyrroloquinazolinones series. Noteworthy is also the report of some original structures isolated as by-products of some experiments.     

CoFe2O4自形成磁性液体场致结构化对磁化的影响

The Langevin paramagnetic theory can’t describe the relation between magnetization of ferrofluids and applied magnetic field. The structuralization of ferrofluids, which is considered the main influence factor of the magnetization, is regarded. The part of magnetization works is deposited when the structure is forming. This action influences the magnetization of ferrofluids directly or indirectly. On the base of the “compressing” model, the Langevin function that usually describes the magnetization of ferrofluid is modified, and a well-fitted curve is obtained. An equation of the relation between the equivalent volume fraction after being “compressed” and the intensity of magnetic field is discovered, which approximately describes the process of magnetization. The relation between the approximate initial susceptibility and the volume fraction can be obtained from modified formula.     

Highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of 2,4-dichloropyridine enabling a novel approach to 2,4-bisanilinopyridine (BAPyd) libraries

The highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of the cheap and readily accessible reagent, 2,4-dichloropyridine with a range of anilines and heterocyclic amines is described. This new methodology is robust and provides a facile access to 4-chloro-N-phenylpyridin-2-amines on 0.25 mol scale. These intermediates undergo a further Buchwald–Hartwig amination at higher temperature to enable rapid exploration of the chemical space at C-4 and to provide a library of 2,4-bisaminopyridines.     

KMnO4-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines: Synthesis of amides and sulfonamides

KMnO₄-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines producing secondary amine was introduced, which was trapped by electrophiles (acyl chloride and sulfonyl chloride) to form amides and sulfonamides. The reaction could take place at mild condition, tolerating a wide range of function groups and affording products in moderate to excellent yields.     

Chemistry of heterocyclic compounds at the A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, over 50 years (Review)

The review contains a concise historical account and information on the most significant researches undertaken by the staff at the A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences on the Chemistry of Heterocyclic Compounds. Dedicated to Academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences B. A. Trofimov on his 70th jubilee. Translated from Khimiya Geterotsiklicheskikh Soedinenii, No. 10, pp. 1443–1502, October, 2008.     

A general and convenient synthesis of 4-(tosylmethyl)semicarbazones and their use in amidoalkylation of hydrogen,heteroatom, and carbon nucleophiles

A general synthesis of previously unknown semicarbazone-based α-amidoalkylating reagents, 4-(tosylmethyl)semicarbazones, has been developed. The synthesis involved three-component condensation of semicarbazones of aliphatic or aromatic aldehydes with the same or other aldehydes and p-toluenesulfinic acid. The scope and limitations of this reaction were investigated. The compounds obtained were demonstrated to be an efficient α-(4-semicarbazono)alkylating agents. They were reacted with H- (sodium borohydride), O- (sodium methylate), S- (sodium phenylthiolate), N- (pyrrolidine, sodium succinimide), P- (trialkyl phosphites), and C-nucleophiles (sodium diethyl malonate) to give the corresponding products of the tosyl group substitution, 4-substituted semicarbazones, including analogues of nitrofurazone. Among the prepared compounds tested in vitro for antibacterial and antifungal activity, three nitrofuryl-containing semicarbazones exhibited high biological activities with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values of 8–32 μg/mL.     

Sulfur-directed metal-free and regiospecific methyl C(sp3)–H imidation of thioanisoles

Regiospecific and direct imidation of the methyl C(sp³)–H bond of thioanisoles is realized under mild and metal-free conditions with N-fluorobis(benzenesulfonyl)imide as an oxidant and nitrogen source. Proposed mechanism suggests that thionium ion intermediates and a Pummerer-type reaction are involved. The imidation has advantages such as high step-economy, excellent functionality tolerance, and regiospecificity, giving structurally diverse imidation products.     

Synthesis of novel chiral bidentate hydroxyalkyl-N-heterocyclic carbene ligands and their application in palladium-catalyzed Mizoroki–Heck couplings and asymmetric addition of diethylzinc to benzaldehyde

A small library of new chiral bidentate hydroxyalkyl-imidazolium salts 1 is conveniently synthesized on multi-gram scale from inexpensive and commercially available chiral pool amino acids. The corresponding carbenes, generated by deprotonation of imidazolium salts 1, in combination with palladium(II) chloride were tested in the Mizoroki–Heck coupling reaction. The most significant results in terms of yields and reactivities were achieved with low catalyst loading. The catalytic activities of these imidazolium salts were also investigated in the asymmetric addition of diethylzinc to benzaldehyde. The use of MgO nanoparticles as an additive in conjunction with these ligands played a crucial role in increasing the efficiency of these reactions.