薤中新的甾体皂苷类化学成分

从薤(Allium chinense G. Don)的乙醇提取物中分离得到6个新甾体皂苷类化合物, 通过波谱数据及理化性质分析, 鉴定其分别为5α-cholano-22,16-内酯-3-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖基-(1→2)-[β-D-吡喃葡萄糖基-(1→3)]-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖基(1→4)-β-D-吡喃半乳糖苷(1)、 6-酮-5α-cholano-22,16-内酯-3-O-β-D-吡喃木糖基-(1→4)-[α-L-吡喃阿拉伯糖基-(1→6)]-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷(2)、 (25R)-26-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖基-5α-呋喃甾烷-3β,26-二醇-3-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖基-(1→2)-[β-D-吡喃葡萄糖基-(1→3)]-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖基(1→4)-β-D-吡喃半乳糖苷(3)、 (25R)-6-酮-26-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖基-5α-呋喃甾烷-3β,22α,26-三醇-3-O-α-L-吡喃木糖基-(1→4)-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷(4)、 (25R)-6-酮-5α-呋喃甾烷-3β,22α,24β,26-四醇-3-O-β-D-吡喃木糖基-(1→4)-[α-L-吡喃阿拉伯糖基-(1→6)]-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷(5)和(25R)-5α-呋甾-2α,3β,22α, 26-四醇-26-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷(6). 化合物1和2的皂苷元骨架在天然产物中首次分离得到. 选用H₂O₂诱导PC12细胞神经氧化损伤模型, 初步考察了6种新的呋甾型化合物的抗氧化活性, 实验结果表明, 化合物3对由H₂O₂诱导的细胞氧化损伤有显著的保护效果.     

开口箭化学成分及抗肿瘤活性

从开口箭新鲜根茎中分离得到8个化合物, 通过理化性质分析、 质谱、 红外光谱及核磁共振波谱检测等方法鉴定了其结构, 分别为开口箭皂苷J(1)、 (25S)-26-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖基呋甾-1β,3β,22α,26-四羟基-3-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷(2)、 洋地黄毒苷元-3-O-α-L-吡喃岩藻糖苷(3)、 弯蕊皂苷元B(4)、 异罗斯考皂苷元(5)、 罗斯考皂苷元(6)、 香豌豆酚(7)及(+)-儿茶素(8). 其中, 化合物1为新化合物, 化合物3, 4, 7和8为首次从该属植物中分离得到. 在抗人结肠癌细胞LoVo和胃癌细胞BGC-823活性评价中, 化合物5和6表现出较强的抗肿瘤活性, 半抑制浓度(IC₅₀)值分别达到0.532和0.757 μmol/L.     

天麻的化学研究Ⅱ.天麻苷及其类似物的合成

本文报告以溴代2',3',4',6'-四乙酰-α-D-吡喃葡萄糖及对羟基苯甲醛为原料合成天麻苷(1),按溴代四乙酰葡萄糖计算,总产率24%.还合成了天麻苷的类似物:2-甲氧基-4-羟甲苯基-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷(2),2-甲氧基-4-甲酰苯基-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷(3)及4-甲酰苯基-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷(4).合成天麻苷与天然天麻苷的熔点、红外光谱、核磁共振谱完全一致,药理作用也完全一致.     

5-甲基-1,2,4-三唑-3-硫酮类糖苷化合物的合成及抗菌活性

在KOH/丙酮体系中, 以5-甲基-4-N-取代苯基亚胺/胺基-1,2,4-三唑-3-硫酮为原料, 与溴-α-D-四乙酰葡萄糖进行Kenigs-Knorr反应合成了10个新颖的化合物—5-甲基-4-N-取代苯基亚胺基/胺基-3-S-(2',3',4',6'-四-O-乙酰基-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖基)-1,2,4-三唑(2a~2e, 5a~5e); 并在二氯甲烷/甲醇/甲醇钠混合体系中水解脱除乙酰基, 得到10个新颖的化合物—5-甲基-4-N-取代苯基亚胺基-3-S-(β-D-吡喃葡萄糖基)-1,2,4-三唑(3a~3e)及5-甲基-4-N-取代苯基胺基-3-S-(β-D-吡喃葡萄糖基)-1,2,4-三唑(6a~6e). 化合物的结构均经核磁共振波谱(NMR)、 红外光谱(IR)和高分辨质谱(HRMS)分析确证. 生物活性测试结果表明, 目标化合物对大肠杆菌、 金黄色葡萄球菌、 枯草芽孢杆菌和白色念珠球菌普遍具有较好的抗菌活性. 化合物3d和3e对4种菌株的最小抑菌浓度相对较低, 表现出较强的广谱抗菌活性.     

无溶剂、无催化剂条件下α-腺嘌呤阿拉伯糖苷的合成

为了发展有效合成α-腺嘌呤阿拉伯糖苷的方法,以1,2,3,5-四-O-乙酰基-β-D-阿拉伯糖和6-氯嘌呤为原料,在微波辐射和无溶剂、无催化剂条件下反应得到中间体9-α-D-(2',3',5'-三-O-乙酰基)阿拉伯呋喃糖基-6-氯嘌呤,收率85%。 该中间体物在Na₂CO₃催化下脱除乙酰基,然后“一锅”加入饱和的NH₃/CH₃OH溶液氨解,以90%的收率得到α-腺嘌呤阿拉伯糖苷。 关键中间体9-α-D-(2',3',5'-三-O-乙酰基)阿拉伯呋喃糖基-6-氯嘌呤的合成反应规模可以扩大到100 g。 类似地合成α-2-氟腺嘌呤阿拉伯糖苷和α-2-氨基腺嘌呤阿拉伯糖苷。     

HPLC-ESI-MS/MS对灯盏花提取液中主要成分的分离定性

本文利用高效液相色谱-电喷雾-质谱／质谱(HPLC—ESI—MS／MS)联用对灯盏花提取液进行了分离,并对其中的主要成分进行了定性分析。一级质谱扫描结果表明,灯盏花提取液中主要有4个峰,其中,第一个峰可能为5,6,4-三羟基黄酮-7-o-β-D-半乳糖醛酸苷,第二峰为灯盏花乙素;后两峰为黄芩甙,两者可能互为同分异构体。     

木犀草素-7-O-葡萄糖苷与双链DNA的相互作用研究

采用电喷雾质谱(ESI-MS)、紫外吸收光谱(UV)以及荧光光谱结合溴化乙锭荧光探针研究黄酮类化合物木犀草 素-7-O-葡萄糖苷与双链DNA的相互作用. 质谱研究结果表明木犀草素-7-O-葡萄糖苷可与双链DNA形成复合物, 且Lug与DNA之间存在氢键作用, 通过串联质谱数据推断出其结合模式为插入型. 紫外吸收光谱研究结果表明DNA的加入使木犀草素-7-O-葡萄糖苷产生明显的减色红移效应, 说明该化合物可能插入DNA双螺旋碱基对间. 荧光光谱研究结果表明木犀草素-7-O-葡萄糖苷能引起溴化乙锭-DNA体系荧光强度明显减弱和波长轻微蓝移, 主要是单一的静态猝灭, 猝灭常数K_q=8.61×10¹¹ L·mol^-1·s^-1, 进一步说明Lug与DNA的主要作用方式为插入型.     

4-甲酰基苯基(2,3,4,6-O-四乙酰基)-β-D-葡萄糖苷衍生物的有效合成

为克服目前合成方法存在收率较低,反应时间长、产品分离困难等不足,本文以β-D-葡萄糖、乙酰溴为原料,经乙酰化、溴代反应合成了糖基体2,3,4,6-O-四乙酰基-α-D-溴代葡萄糖,再与4-羟基苯甲醛衍生物经糖苷化反应合成了5种4-甲酰基苯基(2,3,4,6-O-四乙酰基)-β-D-葡萄糖苷衍生物。 在合成4-甲酰基苯基(2,3,4,6-O-四乙酰基)-β-D-葡萄糖苷衍生物的过程中,采用10%(质量分数)NaOH溶液为缚酸剂,三(3,6-二氧杂庚基)胺(TDA-1)为相转移催化剂,反应物的收率为61%~69%,并应用核磁共振技术确定了产品的结构。 该方法具有产品收率较高,反应温和、操作简单等优点。     

2-氰基苄基诱导的葡萄糖醛酸β糖苷键立体选择性

以2,3-O-(2-氰基苄基)-4-O-氯乙酰基-β-对甲基苯基-D-葡萄糖醛酸硫苷等7个单糖模块作为糖基供体, 以甲醇等醇类化合物作为糖基受体, 分别在二氯甲烷和甲苯溶剂中进行了糖基化反应, 研究了葡萄糖醛酸C2位引入2-氰基苄基(BCN)以及溶剂效应对糖苷键α/β选择性的影响. 通过对糖基产物的 ¹H NMR, ¹³C NMR和HSQC等谱图分析发现, BCN可以有效提高糖苷键的β选择性, 其中部分糖基化产物的糖苷键α/β比例最高可达1/50. 为磺达肝癸钠分子中葡萄糖醛酸的β糖苷键的构建方法做出了初步探索.     

微波促进Wittig-Michael串级反应立体专一性合成ω-氨基-β-D-呋喃核糖酸衍生物

以D-核糖为原料, 在微波促进下, 利用2,3-O-异丙叉基-D-核糖2与叶立德3(Ph₃PCHCOOEt) 的Wittig反应和Michael加成, 立体专一性地合成了β-D-呋喃核糖酸酯类化合物, 再经叠氮化及还原反应, 得到ω-氨基-β-D-呋喃核糖酸衍生物. 在微波辐射下, 该Wittig-Michael串级反应的效率得到显著提高, 反应时间由12 h缩短为10 min, 收率达到91%. 反应具有非常好的β-立体选择性, 在碱性条件下处理后, α-异构体可转变成热力学稳定的β-异构体, 从而得到单一的β-异构体. 计算结果表明, β-异构体4b比α-异构体4a具有更高的热力学稳定性.     

二氧化碳和丙烯直接合成甲基丙烯酸的NiPMo/TiO2催化剂的研究

用溶胶-凝胶法以磷钼酸(MPA)的镍盐溶液水解钛酸四丁酯制备了NiPMo/TiO2催化剂.使用ICP、 XRD、 TG-DTA、 IR、 TPD-MS和微反应技术研究了催化剂的化学组成、热稳定性、化学吸附性质和催化反应性能.杂多钼酸盐与TiO2通过O2-在TiO2表面发生了键合.在623 K下,杂多阴离子仍保持原有的Keggin结构.CO2在Lewis酸位Ni(Ⅱ)和Lewis碱位Ni-O-Mo的桥氧协同作用下生成CO2卧式吸附态Ni(Ⅱ)←O-(CO)←(O--Ni).丙烯有多种吸附态在催化剂上吸附.在563 K、 1 MPa和空速1500 h-1的反应条件下,丙烯的摩尔转化率为3.2%,产物MAA选择性为95%.     

Synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives

Different approaches for the synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives from simple amino acids have been investigated. A library of 33 precursors for the preparation of N-hydroxy pyrazinones was obtained in moderate to good yields.     

Toward new camptothecins. Part 6: Synthesis of crucial ketones and their use in Friedländer reaction

In the context of the preparation of camptothecin and luotonin A analogs, the synthesis of some key keto-precursors and their use in Friedländer condensation are described. This paper also focuses on the stability of these keto intermediates and emphasizes the major differences between indolizinones and pyrroloquinazolinones series. Noteworthy is also the report of some original structures isolated as by-products of some experiments.     

CoFe2O4自形成磁性液体场致结构化对磁化的影响

The Langevin paramagnetic theory can’t describe the relation between magnetization of ferrofluids and applied magnetic field. The structuralization of ferrofluids, which is considered the main influence factor of the magnetization, is regarded. The part of magnetization works is deposited when the structure is forming. This action influences the magnetization of ferrofluids directly or indirectly. On the base of the “compressing” model, the Langevin function that usually describes the magnetization of ferrofluid is modified, and a well-fitted curve is obtained. An equation of the relation between the equivalent volume fraction after being “compressed” and the intensity of magnetic field is discovered, which approximately describes the process of magnetization. The relation between the approximate initial susceptibility and the volume fraction can be obtained from modified formula.     

Highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of 2,4-dichloropyridine enabling a novel approach to 2,4-bisanilinopyridine (BAPyd) libraries

The highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of the cheap and readily accessible reagent, 2,4-dichloropyridine with a range of anilines and heterocyclic amines is described. This new methodology is robust and provides a facile access to 4-chloro-N-phenylpyridin-2-amines on 0.25 mol scale. These intermediates undergo a further Buchwald–Hartwig amination at higher temperature to enable rapid exploration of the chemical space at C-4 and to provide a library of 2,4-bisaminopyridines.     

KMnO4-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines: Synthesis of amides and sulfonamides

KMnO₄-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines producing secondary amine was introduced, which was trapped by electrophiles (acyl chloride and sulfonyl chloride) to form amides and sulfonamides. The reaction could take place at mild condition, tolerating a wide range of function groups and affording products in moderate to excellent yields.     

Chemistry of heterocyclic compounds at the A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, over 50 years (Review)

The review contains a concise historical account and information on the most significant researches undertaken by the staff at the A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences on the Chemistry of Heterocyclic Compounds. Dedicated to Academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences B. A. Trofimov on his 70th jubilee. Translated from Khimiya Geterotsiklicheskikh Soedinenii, No. 10, pp. 1443–1502, October, 2008.     

Sulfur-directed metal-free and regiospecific methyl C(sp3)–H imidation of thioanisoles

Regiospecific and direct imidation of the methyl C(sp³)–H bond of thioanisoles is realized under mild and metal-free conditions with N-fluorobis(benzenesulfonyl)imide as an oxidant and nitrogen source. Proposed mechanism suggests that thionium ion intermediates and a Pummerer-type reaction are involved. The imidation has advantages such as high step-economy, excellent functionality tolerance, and regiospecificity, giving structurally diverse imidation products.     

A general and convenient synthesis of 4-(tosylmethyl)semicarbazones and their use in amidoalkylation of hydrogen,heteroatom, and carbon nucleophiles

A general synthesis of previously unknown semicarbazone-based α-amidoalkylating reagents, 4-(tosylmethyl)semicarbazones, has been developed. The synthesis involved three-component condensation of semicarbazones of aliphatic or aromatic aldehydes with the same or other aldehydes and p-toluenesulfinic acid. The scope and limitations of this reaction were investigated. The compounds obtained were demonstrated to be an efficient α-(4-semicarbazono)alkylating agents. They were reacted with H- (sodium borohydride), O- (sodium methylate), S- (sodium phenylthiolate), N- (pyrrolidine, sodium succinimide), P- (trialkyl phosphites), and C-nucleophiles (sodium diethyl malonate) to give the corresponding products of the tosyl group substitution, 4-substituted semicarbazones, including analogues of nitrofurazone. Among the prepared compounds tested in vitro for antibacterial and antifungal activity, three nitrofuryl-containing semicarbazones exhibited high biological activities with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values of 8–32 μg/mL.     

Synthesis of novel chiral bidentate hydroxyalkyl-N-heterocyclic carbene ligands and their application in palladium-catalyzed Mizoroki–Heck couplings and asymmetric addition of diethylzinc to benzaldehyde

A small library of new chiral bidentate hydroxyalkyl-imidazolium salts 1 is conveniently synthesized on multi-gram scale from inexpensive and commercially available chiral pool amino acids. The corresponding carbenes, generated by deprotonation of imidazolium salts 1, in combination with palladium(II) chloride were tested in the Mizoroki–Heck coupling reaction. The most significant results in terms of yields and reactivities were achieved with low catalyst loading. The catalytic activities of these imidazolium salts were also investigated in the asymmetric addition of diethylzinc to benzaldehyde. The use of MgO nanoparticles as an additive in conjunction with these ligands played a crucial role in increasing the efficiency of these reactions.