Coupled mode behavior of the soft E(TO) phonon of Pb(Ti1-x,Zrx)O3 and (Pb1-3x2, Lax)TiO3

We report the temperature dependence of the low frequency part (ω < 100 cm^?1) of the Raman spectra of the Pb(Ti_1-x, Zr_x)O₃ and $\text{(}\text{Pb}{}_{\mathrm{<mtext>1-</mtext><mtext>3x</mtext><mtext>2</mtext>}}$, La_x)TiO₃ systems. The spectra indicate a coupled mode behavior between the soft E(TO) phonon and a mode which produces an additional band in the spectra. We discuss the possibility that the additional band might be due to zone boundary tranverse acoustical phonons which couple to the q ～ 0 soft E(TO) mode because of the disorder existing in the systems.     

Raman study of phase transition in ferroelectric Ba0.95Ca0.05TiO3

Raman scattering investigation of phase transition in the ferroelectric Ba_0.95Ca_0.05TiO₃ is reported. The results suggest onset of significant dynamic disorder at 105°C. This corroborates findings of recent structural study regarding large positional disorder associated with Ti and O1 atoms well below the tetragonal to cubic transition temperature (∼150°C).     

Electrical second harmonic generation by (Pb x -Ba1−x )TiO3 and (Pb x -Sr1−x )TiO3 in the autostabilized state

The temperature autostabilizing nonlinear dielectric element (TANDEL) effect and second harmonic generation have been studied in the ferroelectric solid solutions of (Pb _x -Ba_1−x )TiO₃ and (Pb _x -Sr_1−x )TiO₃ near the Curie temperature used as TANDEL. The generated second harmonics are linear for low d.c. biasing fields with zero off-set while they decrease sharply at higher d.c. biasing fields. The results show that these solid solutions might be used as TANDEL elements.     

Splitting of the phase transition in ferroelectric solid solutions Sn2P2(SexS1−x)6 at high pressures

The influence of the temperature and hydrostatic pressure on the forbidden band width and dielectric permittivity of the ferroelectric solid solutions Sn₂P₂(Se_xS_1–x)₆ (x=0.04, 0.20, 0.30) is investigated. A change in the species and splitting of ferroelectric phase transition lines are detected for p = 0.140 and 0.026 GPa, respectively, for the solid solutions Sn₂P₂(Se_0.04S_0.96)₆ and Sn₂P₂(Se_0.20S_{0.80 6}, which is due to the existence of a Lifshits critical point separating the transitions into codimensional and noncodimensional phases on the p, T diagram. Shift coefficients with the pressure of the phase transition temperature are found for the solid solutions investigated.Translated from Izvestiya Vysshikh Uchebnykh Zavedenii, Fizika, No. 2, pp. 28–32, February, 1988.     

Disorder promotes ferromagnetism: rounding of the quantum phase transition in Sr(1-x)Ca(x)RuO3

The subtle interplay of randomness and quantum fluctuations at low temperatures gives rise to a plethora of unconventional phenomena in systems ranging from quantum magnets and correlated electron materials to ultracold atomic gases. Particularly strong disorder effects have been predicted to occur at zero-temperature quantum phase transitions. Here, we demonstrate that the composition-driven ferromagnetic-to-paramagnetic quantum phase transition in Sr(1-x)Ca(x)RuO3 is completely destroyed by the disorder introduced via the different ionic radii of the randomly distributed Sr and Ca ions. Using a magneto-optical technique, we map the magnetic phase diagram in the composition-temperature space. We find that the ferromagnetic phase is significantly extended by the disorder and develops a pronounced tail over a broad range of the composition x. These findings are explained by a microscopic model of smeared quantum phase transitions in itinerant magnets. Moreover, our theoretical study implies that correlated disorder is even more powerful in promoting ferromagnetism than random disorder.     

Photoluminescence and Raman spectroscopy studies of Eu3+-doped rutile TiO2 nanocrystals at high pressures

Nanocrystal samples (particle size about 90 nm) of Eu³⁺-doped rutile titanium dioxide (TiO₂) nanocrystals (rutile Eu³⁺/TiO₂ nanocrystals) were synthesized by the sol–gel method with hydrothermal treatment. The pressure effect on photoluminescence (PL) and Raman spectra of the rutile Eu³⁺/TiO₂ nanocrystals was investigated with a diamond anvil cell under hydrostatic pressure condition. Raman spectra of the samples at high pressures indicated that the critical pressure for the transition from the rutile phase to a new baddeleyite-type phase was between 10 and 14.2 GPa. The position of Raman bands shifted to high wavenumbers and the PL intensity of ⁵D ₀→⁷F ₂ transition of Eu³⁺ decreased down to zero with the increase of pressure before the phase transition occurred. After releasing the pressure, the rutile phase was not recovered and a α-PbO₂-type phase was observed at ambient pressure.     

重温Pb(Zrx Ti1-x)O3铁电薄膜极化疲劳问题

具有ABO3型钙钛矿结构的Pb(ZrxTi1-xO3(PZT)展示出良好的铁电极化性能,是使用最广的铁电材料.然而,在将它应用于铁电存储时,PZT薄膜遭遇到极化疲劳问题而被SrBi2Ta2O9(SBT)等铁电体所替代,这一问题至今未能得到妥善解决.文章首先通过变温极化疲劳实验充分理解PZT极化疲劳的基本过程,然后有针对性地进行材料设计,获得基本无极化疲劳的PZT铁电薄膜.     

重温Pb(ZrxTi1-x)O3铁电薄膜极化疲劳问题

具有ABO3型钙钛矿结构的Pb(ZrxTi1-x)O3 (PZT)展示出良好的铁电极化性能,是使用最广的铁电材料.然而,在将它应用于铁电存储时,PZT薄膜遭遇到极化疲劳问题而被SrBi2Ta2O9 (SBT)等铁电体所替代,这一问题至今未能得到妥善解决.文章首先通过变温极化疲劳实验充分理解PZT极化疲劳的基本过程,然后有针对性地进行材料设计,获得基本无极化疲劳的PZT铁电薄膜.     

Neutron powder diffraction investigation on the crystal and magnetic structure of (Ho(0.50+x)Ca(0.50-x))(Mn(1-x)Cr(x))O3

The crystal and magnetic structure of (Ho(0.50+x)Ca(0.50-x))(Mn(1-x)Cr(x))O(3) (x = 0.00, 0.01, 0.02, 0.03) has been investigated between 5 and 300 K by means of neutron powder diffraction followed by Rietveld refinement and dc magnetic measurements. During cooling an orthorhombic to monoclinic phase transition occurs on account of the charge and orbital ordering taking place in the Mn sub-lattice; at low temperature phase separation takes place and the main monoclinic phase coexists with a secondary orthorhombic phase, whose amount slightly increases with the increase of Cr content. Cr(3+) is not involved in orbital ordering or superexchange interactions. The charge and magnetic ordering are decoupled: the Mn moments order according to a CE-type structure in all samples.     

7Li NMR investigation of Li-Li pair ordering in the paraelectric phase of weakly substitutionally disordered K(1-x)Li(x)TaO3

Breaking of the average cubic symmetry in Li-doped potassium tantalate was observed with quadrupole-perturbed 7Li NMR at temperatures (150-400?K) far above the nominal glass transition temperature (≈50 K for Li concentration x=0.03). The observed spectrum consists of contributions from both isolated Li ions (i.e., with no nearest-neighbor Li) and from Li-Li pairs. The isolated Li ions move among six equivalent off-center sites in a potential having cubic symmetry. These have zero average electric field gradient and, hence, exhibit no quadrupole splitting. In addition, very low intensity, but well resolved, quadrupole satellites having a temperature-dependent splitting were observed. This splitting indicates that the various Li-Li pair configurations are not all equally probable. These are the first direct observations of biased Li ion ordering that persists in the paraelectric phase at temperatures high above the glass phase.     

Orbital-order-induced metal-insulator transition in La(1-x)Ca(x)MnO3

We present evidence that the insulator-to-metal transition in La(1-x)Ca(x)MnO3 near x approximately 0.2 is driven by the suppression of coherent Jahn-Teller distortions, originating from d-type orbital ordering. The orbital-ordered state is characterized by large long-range Q2 distortions below T(O'- O*). Above T(O'- O*) we find evidence for coexistence between an orbital-ordered and an orbital-disordered state. This behavior is discussed in terms of electronic phase separation in an orbital-ordered insulating and an orbital-disordered metallic state.     

Absence of relaxor-like ferroelectric phase transition in (Pb,Sr)TiO3 thin films

We have performed dielectric and micro-Raman spectroscopy measurements in the 298–673 K temperature range in polycrystalline Pb_0.50Sr_0.50TiO₃ thin films prepared by a soft chemical method. The phase transition have been investigated by dielectric measurements at various frequencies during the heating cycle. It was found that the temperature corresponding to the peak value of the dielectric constant is frequency-independent, indicating a non-relaxor ferroelectric behavior. However, the dielectric constant versus temperature curves associated with the ferroelectric to paraelectric phase transition showed a broad maximum peak at around 433 K. The observed behavior is explained in terms of a diffuse phase transition. The obtained Raman spectra indicate the presence of a local symmetry disorder, due to a higher strontium concentration in the host lattice. The monitoring of some modes, conducted in the Pb_0.50Sr_0.50TiO₃ thin films, showed that the ferroelectric tetragonal phase undergoes a transition to the paraelectric cubic phase at around 423 K. However, the Raman activity did not disappear, as would be expected from a transition to the cubic paraelectric phase. The strong Raman spectrum observed for this cubic phase is indicative that a diffuse-type phase transition is taking place. This behavior is attributed to distortions of the perovskite structure, allowing the persistence of low-symmetry phase features in cubic phase high above the transition temperature. This result is in contrast to the forbidden first-order Raman spectrum, which would be expected from a cubic paraelectric phase, such as the one observed at high temperature in pure PbTiO₃ perovskite. PACS 78.30.-j; 77.80.Bh; 64.70.Kb; 68.55.-a; 77.22.-a; 77.55.+f     

三元合金Ga_(0.52)In_(0.48)P的喇曼散射谱

采用室温下微区Raman散射方法 ,观测到了GaInP2 的LO双模行为和禁戒的TO模 ,由于晶格有序导致晶体对称性从Td 降低为C3v,从而使禁戒的TO模变为Raman活性。在所有的样品中都观测到了由晶格无序激活的DALA模。在有序样品中 ,除观测到了二级Raman散射峰LO1+LO2 以外 ,还观测到了由超晶格效应所导致的FLA折叠模和LO模的分裂。对LO模峰谷比b/a的分析表明 ,随着晶格有序度的增加 ,b/a值减小。这是因为 :一方面主要是由于禁戒的TO模变为Raman活性所引起的 ,另一方面 ,还可能有LO1模和LO2 模分裂的贡献。在实验上 ,可以用b/a值或FLA的强度来表示样品的有序度。     

激光烧结(Ta_2O_5)_(1-x)(TiO_2)_x陶瓷的拉曼光谱研究

简介了激光快速烧结陶瓷技术;测量了采用激光快速烧结技术和传统电炉烧结技术制备的(Ta2O5)1-x(TiO2)x陶瓷的相对介电常数和介电损耗;分析了这两类试样的激光拉曼光谱和粉末XRD谱;发现:(Ta2O5)1-x(TiO2)x陶瓷经激光快速烧结后产生了新相,从而导致相对介电常数大幅度提高。     

Structural investigations of Ge(5)As(x)Se(95-x) and Ge(15)As(x)Se(85-x) glasses using x-ray diffraction and extended x-ray fine structure spectroscopy

The structure of Ge(5)As(x)Se(95-x) (x?=?10, 20, 30, 38?at.%) and Ge(15)As(x)Se(85-x) (x?=?10, 25, 34?at.%) glasses has been investigated by high-energy x-ray diffraction and extended x-ray absorption fine structure measurements. The experimental datasets have been modelled using the reverse Monte Carlo simulation technique. The model atomic configurations have been analysed in detail. It has been found that the homonuclear Ge-Ge, As-As, Se-Se and heteronuclear Ge-As bonds play an important role in the structure formation of the Ge-As-Se glasses. The total number of these bonds decreases quite slowly with the mean coordination number similarly to the nonlinear refractive index.     

Temperature-dependent structures of proton-conducting Ba(Zr(0.8-x)Ce(x)Y(0.2))O(2.9) ceramics by Raman scattering and x-ray diffraction

In situ temperature-dependent micro-Raman scattering and x-ray diffraction have been performed to study atomic vibration, lattice parameter and structural transition of proton-conducting Ba(Zr(0.8-x)Ce(x)Y(0.2))O(2.9) (BZCY) ceramics (x = 0.0-0.8) synthesized by the glycine-nitrate combustion process. The Raman vibrations have been identified and their frequencies increase with decreasing x as the heavier Ce(4+) ions are replaced by Zr(4+) ions. The main Raman vibrations of Ba(Ce(0.8)Y (0.2))O(2.9) appear near 305, 332, 352, 440 and 635 cm(-1). The X-O ( X=Ce, Zr, Y) stretching modes are sensitive to the variation of Ce/Zr ratio. A rhombohedral-cubic structural transition was observed for x = 0.5-0.8, in which the transition shifts toward higher temperature as cerium increases, except for Ba(Ce(0.8)Y(0.2))O(2.9). A minor monoclinic phase possibly coexists in the rhombohedral matrix for x = 0.5-0.8. The lower-cerium BZCYs (x = 0.0-0.4) ceramics do not exhibit any transition in the region of 20-900?°C, indicating a cubic phase at and above room temperature.     

Neutron diffraction and electrical transport studies on the incommensurate magnetic phase transition in holmium at high pressures

Neutron diffraction and electrical transport measurements have been made on the heavy rare earth metal holmium at high pressures and low temperatures in order to elucidate its transition from a paramagnetic (PM) to a helical antiferromagnetic (AFM) ordered phase as a function of pressure. The electrical resistance measurements show a change in the resistance slope as the temperature is lowered through the antiferromagnetic Néel temperature. The temperature of this antiferromagnetic transition decreases from approximately 122 K at ambient pressure at a rate of -4.9 K GPa(-1) up to a pressure of 9 GPa, whereupon the PM-to-AFM transition vanishes for higher pressures. Neutron diffraction measurements as a function of pressure at 89 and 110 K confirm the incommensurate nature of the phase transition associated with the antiferromagnetic ordering of the magnetic moments in a helical arrangement and that the ordering occurs at similar pressures as determined from the resistance results for these temperatures.