热等静压对NbTi/Cu多芯超导线加工过程的影响

采用传统方法生产的NbTi/Cu多芯超导线在生产芯数较多的超导线时存在填充系数较大的问题,这直接影响了芯丝的整齐排布,所以组装完成后加入热等静压过程.研究了经过热等静压和未经过热等静压的NbTi/Cu多芯超导线的加工性能.经过试验证明,经过100～150MP,2小时热等静压处理的NbTi/Cu多芯超导线坯锭在加工过程中具有良好的加工性能,提高了超导线复合坯锭的成品率;而未经过热等静压处理的NbTi/Cu多芯超导线坯锭加工性能较差,坯锭内部缺陷较多.     

挤压工艺制备19芯MgB_2超导线材及其性能研究

本文采用挤压工艺研制19芯结构的多芯MgB_2/Nb/Cu超导线材,通过单道次挤压工艺将多芯复合包套从Φ64mm挤压到Φ20mm。挤压后的复合线通过冷拉拔最终加工到Φ1.4mm,并在670℃,保温2h进行烧结热处理,成功地制备出百米量级长度的MgB_2超导线材。采用该工艺所制备MgB_2超导线材具有良好的晶粒连接性和芯丝结合强度;显微分析表明该多芯复合线材横截面及超导芯丝分布较为均匀;在20和35K,自场下测试了所研制线材的传输性能,其超导临界电流密度J_c分别为1.05×10~5和6.7×10~4A/cm~2。     

多芯NbTi超导复合线中扩散隔层的研究

研究了两次组合工艺中NbTi与Cu间的扩散隔层对NbTi—Cu界面扩散和复合线性能的影响.发现,NbTi芯棒外加入Nb、Ni、CuNi10、CuNi30等扩散隔层后能有效地减少Nb-Ti-Cu化合物的生成.但在有Ni元素的试样中同时存在Nb-Ti-Ni等高硬度扩散生成物;加入Nb扩散隔层后能减缓了它们间的扩散,又不生成高硬度化合物,因而复合线的塑性极好.实验结果表明,采用NbTi-Nb-Cu复合锭坯在挤压加热温度升高到600℃的情况下,仍可得到塑性良好、载流能力高的多芯超导复合线.     

低损耗NbTi线材制备技术研究

国内重离子加速器(HIAF)磁体服役在高速脉冲电流下,要求超导磁体用超导线具有较低的损耗,并具有高的临界电流,针对磁体的设计要求,本文研制了两种新型结构的NbTi/Cu0.5Mn超导线,通过两次组装、冷拉拔获得了线径Φ0.8mm、12960芯和10800芯、铜比2.0、芯丝小于5μm的高临界电流、低损耗超导线,系统研究了两种新型结构超导线的截面形貌、芯丝形貌、磁滞损耗及不同时效热处理次数超导线的临界电流密度(Jc)和n值,最后获得了线材芯丝直径和磁滞损耗的变化关系.研究结果表明,两种线材经过二次组装、挤压和冷拉拔后,单个亚组元成型良好,芯丝变形粗细均匀,尺寸大约4μm.随着时效热处理次数由3次增加到5次,线材芯丝表面有颗粒状的CuTi化合物生成,且5T、4.2K下临界电流密度由2295A/mm2增加到2958A/mm2,不同时效热处理次数的线材n值大小介于30~60之间,表明芯丝整体变形均匀.线径Φ0.8 mm、12960芯和10800芯线材在4.2K、±3T下的磁滞损耗分别为35.5mJ/cm3、42.8mJ/cm3,随着线材芯丝直径由4.6μm减小至2.8μm,磁滞损耗由42.8mJ/cm3降低至17.3 mJ/cm3.最后,通过优化工艺后获得了Jc(5T、4.2K)为2958 A/mm2,Qh(4.2K,±3T)为37.5mJ/cm3的千米级NbTi/Cu0.5Mn超导长线,并可实现批量化生产.     

静液挤压铌钛超导线的宏观形貌特性

本文探讨了用350吨静液挤压机加工的铌钛复铜单芯棒、55芯、3025芯及三元6655芯复合超导体的几何形状、芯线沿横断面及轴向分布情况.得出:用静液挤压法生产的Nb-Ti超导复合线,其质量超过一般加工工艺的,挤压时的几何损失少,较一般工艺成材率高.并得出,用静液挤压法加工多芯极细芯(<1μm)Nb-Ti超导复合线是可能的.     

添加钇对NbTi50超导合金性能的影响

向间隙元素大于1500ppm 的 NbTi50超导合金中适当地添加金属钇后,使合金锭加拉细化,硬度降低,且具有优良的室温机械性能.当钇的添加量为0.2wt%时,合金的相对延伸率与截面收缩率分别达最高值.所有这些都表明,加钇的 NbTi50合金显示了较好地加工塑性.在实验中制得 NbTi50+Y/Cu 单芯复合线的 Jc(一次时效处理),其值较 NbTi50/Cu 单芯复合线的要高10—20%(相同条件与相同判据情况).     

Nb芯增强千米级7芯MgB_2超导线材的机械性能及超导性能研究

以非铁磁性的Nb作为中心增强体和阻隔层材料,无氧铜作为稳定体包套材料,采用原位法粉末装管工艺(in-situ PIT)制备了千米量级6+1芯导体结构的MgB2/Nb/Cu超导线带材,由于Nb/Cu包套材料具有良好的塑形加工性能,整个加工过程中未进行中间退火热处理,复合多芯线材最终加工到Φ1.4mm;在真空热处理炉中680℃保温2小时进行成相热处理;对烧结后的线材进行了超导电性、纵向电流分布均匀性及弯曲及拉伸力学性能等分析检测。线材的工程临界电流密度在20K,1T磁场条件下达到2.5×104A/cm2,表明该工艺能够制备实用化高性能的MgB2线带材。     

千米量级多芯MgB2/Nb/Cu超导线材的制备及性能研究

以无磁性的Nb作为中心增强体和阻隔层材料,无氧铜作为稳定体包套材料,采用原位法粉末装管工艺(in-situ PIT)制备了千米量级7芯导体结构的MgB2/Nb/Cu超导线带材,由于Nb/Cu包套材料具有良好的塑形加工性能,整个加工过程中未进行中间退火热处理,复合多芯线材最终加工到Φ1.4mm;在真空热处理炉中680℃保温2小时进行成相热处理;对烧结后的线材进行了微观结构、超导电性、纵向电流分布均匀性及常温力学性能等分析检测.线带材的工程临界电流密度在20K,1T磁场条件下达到2.5×104 A/cm2.结果表明该工艺能够制备实用化高性能的MgB2线带材.     

NbTi-Cu多芯超导体爆炸焊接

本文报导了NbTi-Cu多芯超导体的爆炸焊接工艺及接头样品性能. 介绍了爆炸焊接装置以及为确定配置方法和焊接参数而进行的试验工作. 对两种截面的超导体(7×3.6mm,Cu:NbTi=10,204芯和3.6×1.8 mm,Cu:NbTi=5,174芯)进行了大量地爆炸焊接试验,焊接的超导体接头是令人满意的.包括NbTi芯丝在内,各组元均实现了良好的冶金结合,接头部位经简单修理与该导体尺寸、形状相同.接头具有优良的弯曲性能和足够高的抗拉强度(室温时为33.1 kg/mm~2,液氮时为43.6 kg/mm~2,分别达到了该导体在相同条件下抗拉强度的97.3％和100％).截面积为3.6×1.8mm,超导体的接头在4.2K,5T场强下,临界电流为1801A,达到了该导体在相同条件下I临界电流的90％.该项研究成果可用来焊接相似截面的超导体.     

19芯Fe/Cu复合包套二硼化镁超导线制备及其超导性能研究

采用In-Situ PIT方法,以工业级低纯度B粉(92%)和镁粉(99%)为原料制备了19芯Fe/Cu复合包套MgB2超导线。断面扫描电镜观测表明,超导线内部超导芯分布排列均匀,Fe层都能完好包围MgB2芯体,Fe与Cu层结合紧密,填充因子0.17。750℃热处理1h后,样品超导转变温度Tc(onset)=33.5K,转变宽度ΔTc=4.8K。X光衍射检测发现,MgB2超导相中不存在其它Mg-B化合物杂项,但含有少量MgO和FeB2。多芯化后,超导芯中FeB2略有增加。四引线Ic测试发现,19芯样品在4.2K,4T时,临界电流密度为5622A/cm2,比单芯样品14400 A/cm2降低约2/3。     

傅立叶变换与流体数值计算的耦合并行算法

针对傅立叶变换和流体数值计算耦合并行存在的问题,采用两种方式解决:多物理耦合通信方法和二维并行FFTW方法;并对这两种方法进行性能比较,结果表明:当处理器数目少时,采用多物理耦合通信方法计算效率高,当处理器上千时,采用二维并行FFTW方法可扩展性更好;最后,在上万处理机上采用上亿网格测试,并行效率达到50%,并给出数值模拟结果,验证了激光成丝现象.     

Models of the cores of dislocations in metals and disclinations in liquid crystals

The development of dislocation core models in metals with non-close-packed crystalline structure is reviewed. The paper starts with the Peierls-Nabarro model generalized to the case of non-planar cores to describe dislocation splitting in bcc metals. Atomistic studies of dislocations cores in bcc metals and intermetallic compounds with L1₂ and B2 structures are then discussed and the principal features of non-planar cores emphasized. Finally, an analogy between dislocations in solid and disclination in liquid crystals is presented and similarities and differences in the treatment of core structures of these defects in solid and liquid crystals discussed.Dedicated to Dr. Frantiek Kroupa in honour of his 70^th birthday.This work was supported by the U.S.-Czech S & T Program under contract No. 94048, by the National Science Foundation-International Programs, INT-93-07418 and by the Grant Agency of the Czech Republic under contract No 106/93/0513.     

一种基于分水岭的连接米粒自动分割算法

在连接米粒的分割中,分水岭分割算法对一个米粒经距离变换后常存在多个局部极小值而产生过分割.为解决该问题,应用形态学膨胀将检测的邻近的局部极小值合并成一个区域,使每个米粒内部只有一个局部极小值,再用分水岭算法进行分割.实验结果表明,对长江米、圆江米和粳米3个品种籽粒,提出的算法分割正确率分别达到87%、93%和92%,获得了满意的分割效果.     

受激布里渊散射并行数值模拟研究

为了更深入地研究激光与等离子体相互作用中受激Brillouin散射不稳定性的物理机制,建立了受激Brillouin散射三波耦合数学模型,根据方程组的形式以及数学特征,采用算子分裂方法,坐标平移,高效的并行傅里叶变换和归约密度等算法,编制模拟受激Brillouin散射不稳定性的并行程序,并用数值算例证明其有效性,最后采用近3亿固定网格规模,扩展到4096个核上测试并行性能,并行效率达到81.6%。     

Peierls-Nabarro model of planar dislocation cores in b.c.c. crystals

Planar dislocation cores on {110} and {112} planes in b.c.c. crystals are studied using the Peierls-Nabarro model with force laws derived from four different interatomic potentials. A numerical iterative method suitable for solution of the Peierls-Nabarro equation is developed. The cores are represented by a continuous distribution of dislocations. The discussion of the correlation between the force laws and corresponding dislocation densities is based on the properties of the Hilbert transform.     

93W合金有关力学参量的综合选评

 对93W合金材料进行了超声测量实验，并结合原有的超声测量结果进行了分析比较，提出了可以直接用冲击波速度关系式的三个系数c₀ 、λ和λ′来对钨合金的有关力学参量，如G₀、K₀、G₀′、K₀′等进行综合选评的方法。得到了一组对93W合金较为合理的力学参量推荐值。     

Radiometric and tephroanalysis dating of recent Ionian Sea cores

Summary An accurate dating of recent Ionian Sea sediment cores has been performed by the²¹⁰Pb radiometric method and by a detailed tephroanalysis. The markers of the historical volcanic eruptions which occurred in the Campanian area (Vesuvius, Phlegrean Fields, Ischia) during the last two millenia have been identified along the cores. Among the others, the famous Plinian Vesuvius eruption of 79 AD, which buried the Roman town of Pompei, has been recognized. Direct²¹⁰Pb dating is limited to the last two centuries. The tephroanalysis demonstrates that the sedimentation rate estimated by the²¹⁰Pb method is correct and it is constant, at least for the last 2 ky. The presence of the¹³⁷Cs peak due to the intense activity of nuclear-weapon testing in the atmosphere in 1963–64 AD assures that the top of the core is present and not disturbed. The high precision of the core dating allows to transform the depth scale into a time scale with an accuracy of ∼1%. The analysis of several cores taken in the same area demonstrates that the results presented here are of general validity, at least in this region. The carbonatic mud deposited in the last millennia in the Gallipoli Terrace can be successfully utilized for investigating the environmental conditions in the recent past.     

Exploring the separate NMR responses from crude oil and water in rock cores

In analysis of transverse relaxation time (T ₂) curves in a Carr-Purcell-Meiboom-Gill (CPMG) experiment in a multicomponent system originating from measurements of oil and water in rock cores, where internal magnetic field gradients broaden the line widths significantly, there is very little direct information to be extracted of the different components contributing to the totalT ₂ relaxation time curve. From the study of rock cores saturated with different amounts of crude oil and water, we show that with an optimised experimental setup it is possible to extract information from the nuclear magnetic resonance response that is not resolved by any other methods. This setup combines pulsed field gradient methods with the CPMG experiment utilizing data from both rock cores and bulk oil and water. Then it becomes feasible to separate the signals from oil and water where the two-dimensional inverse Laplace transform ordinarily seems to fail.     

3C-SiC薄膜小角晶界附近位错核心的原子组态研究

用LaB₆灯丝200 kV高分辨透射电镜拍摄了有小角晶界的3C-SiC/(001)Si 薄膜的[110]高分辨电子显微像. 用像解卷技术把本不直接反映晶体结构的实验像转化为结构像. 首先, 从完整区的结构像中分辨开间距仅为0.109 nm的Si和C原子柱; 随后按赝弱相位物体近似像衬理论, 分析像衬随晶体厚度的变化规律, 辨认出Si和C原子; 进而在原子水平上得出小角晶界附近两个复合位错的核心结构, 构建了结构模型并计算了模拟像. 实验像与模拟像的一致程度验证了结构模型的正确性. 于是, 在已知完整晶体结构的前提下, 仅从一帧实验高分辨像出发, 推演出原子的种类和位错核心的原子组态. 还讨论了3C-SiC 小角晶界的形成与晶界附近出现复合位错的关系.