Appearance of an artificial length scale in JETSET Bose-Einstein simulation

This work studies the algorithm which implements the Bose-Einstein correlation effect in the JETSET 7.4 event generator. This algorithm attempts to reproduce an expected correlation function with a given correlation radius and amplitude. The two-particle correlation function is studied in the generated hadronic decays for different values of the built-in radius parameter. Samples consisting of only charged particles are used, as well as subsamples of pions, pions coming from the string decay and pions from the resonance decays. The Bose-Einstein correlation function, extracted from the generated events, is parameterized analogously to the built-in JETSET correlation function and its parameters are compared with the input ones. We found that the measured correlation function reproduces the built-in one, if the input radius parameter is larger than 1 fm. For lower input radii an artificial new length scale appears due to the way the Bose-Einstein correlation is implemented. Received: 13 November 1997 / Revised version: 5 September 1998 / Published online: 14 January 1999     

关联噪声对单模激光动力学性质的影响

应用线性近似方法,计算了具有指数形式关联的两白噪声驱动下的单模激光光强的关联函数、功率谱及关联时间。根据计算结果讨论了噪声间的关联程度和噪声间互联时间对以上各量的影响,并和噪声间具有δ函数关联形式的情况进行了比较     

Dynamic correlation in wave propagation in random media

Field spectra are analyzed to yield the time-resolved statistics of pulsed transmission through quasi-one-dimensional dielectric media with static disorder. The normalized intensity correlation function with displacement and polarization rotation for an incident pulse of linewidth sigma at delay time t is a function only of the field correlation function, which is identical to that found for steady-state excitation, and of kappa(sigma)(t), the residual degree of intensity correlation at points at which the field correlation function vanishes. The dynamic probability distribution of normalized intensity depends only upon kappa(sigma)(t). Steady-state statistics are recovered in the limit sigma-->0, in which kappa(sigma=0) is the steady-state degree of correlation.     

双模压缩场与V型原子相互作用光场的性质

研究了双模压缩真空场与V型三能级运动原子的相互作用,得到光场二阶相干度和模间相干度的解析表达式;通过数值计算分析了原子运动速度、场模结构参数和平均光子数对光场二阶相干度和模间相干度的影响.结果表明:平均光子数的增加使得二阶相干度和模间相干度显著增大;而原子运动速度、模场结构参数的增加虽然对光子聚束效应和反聚束效应的强度影响不大,却使其演化周期大大减小.     

Pair correlation function in a dense plasma and pycnonuclear reactions in stars

The short-range behavior of the pair correlation function in a dense onecomponent plasma (jellium) is investigated. As an intermediate step, the short-range behavior of the classical pair correlation function is obtained. Actually, although the temperature and the density are assumed to be such that the thermodynamic properties are almost classical, quantum mechanics (tunnel effect) always dominates the pair correlation function at short distances. The quantum pair correlation function is calculated by treating the many-body quantum effects by a perturbation theory, and by using a semiclassical approximation based on path integrals. The results are applied to the computation of the nuclear reaction rate in dense stellar matter (pycnonuclear reactions).Laboratoire associé au Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique.     

Many body theory of photoemission in the quadratic response formalism

Many body Green's function techniques are applied to show that the three current correlation function relating the one photon photoemission current to the applied external field may be expressed by one and two particle correlation properties only for arbitrary many body interactions. An analysis of the double time derivative of the three current correlation function leads to a generalization for arbitrary many body interaction of a formula frequently used for calculations of the photocurrent in the independent electron model. Implications are discussed for the case that only electrostatic electron-electron interactions are present.     

近地面大气光学湍流空间相关特性的实验研究

本文提出了基于光纤湍流传感器阵列的大气光学湍流空间相关函数测量原理, 并确定了具体的测量方案和数据统计方法. 利用光纤湍流传感器阵列在近地面开展了大气光学湍流空间相关特性的实验测量研究, 尽可能全面地展示光学湍流空间相关函数的各种形式. 结果表明, 大气光学湍流的一维空间相关函数主要表现为两种结构形态, 其一, 58.7%基本符合各向同性湍流空间相关函数模型, 其相关函数在一定尺度范围内呈现随尺度的增大而减小的趋势, 当超过该尺度时, 相关系数接近于0; 其二, 另有37.9%表现为与尺度无关, 相关系数维持在0附近小幅度随机振荡. 不难发现:光学湍流的空间相关特性主要取决于湍流的强弱和湍流是否得以充分发展, 同时, 湍流的相干结构将引起空间相关函数的小幅度振荡. 以空间布点探测直接获取光学湍流空间相关函数的方法, 不仅为分析湍流空间结构奠定了实验基础, 同时, 也为进一步建立非K湍流模型提供了理论开端.     

Characterization of nuclear sources via two-neutron intensity interferometry

The neutron energy spectrum and the two-neutron correlation function have been measured for the E/A=45 MeV Ni + Al reaction in order to assess the space-time characteristics of the neutron emitting source. When comparing the data to a statistical model, the kinetic energy spectra, the integrated correlation function as well as the longitudinal correlation function are reproduced by one single source. However, only the inclusion of a short-lived pre-equilibrium component can account for the stronger correlation exhibited by neutron pairs emitted with high total momentum. The correlation function from events defined as peripheral by constraints on the highest charge of the projectile-like fragment does show a significantly weaker correlation than the minimum bias sample.     

金属电子关联函数的实空间变分计算

本文求解了在相关基函数理论框架下得到的实空间关联函数的积分方程,得到了金属铝(r_s=2.07)和铯(r_s=5.65)的关联函数,关联能和多体波函数。改进了其它多体理论,本文得到的关联函数是恒正的,并且满足归一化条件。 关键词：     

铝表面的电子关联函数

根据金属表面的多体波函数,建立了非均匀电子关联函数的积分方程,对此方程消除了因长程关联而出现的发散。在第一次迭代下求得了铝表面的电子关联函数的数值结果。 关键词：     

部分相干源关联函数的模拟计算

核-核碰撞可以简单看成核子-核子碰撞,每一核子-核子碰撞产生的源可用经典流表示。对于时空函数的经典流系综,当源部分相干时,全同两粒子玻色-爱因斯坦关联函数公式应包含混沌和相干项。根据蒙特卡罗的模拟计算思想,由混沌源2π关联函数的模拟计算出发,得到部分相干源关联函数的模拟计算方法。在相对动量q的out和side方向上,对部分相干源关联函数进行蒙特卡罗模拟计算,计算得到源的半径Rout在误差范围内近似等于Rside。     

自由膨胀准二维玻色-爱因斯坦凝聚中的密度-密度关联

利用Madelung变换, 考虑密度和相位涨落, 给出了准二维玻色-爱因斯坦凝聚体的有效拉格朗日密度函数和波函数量子涨落的算符化表示, 计算了凝聚体在去除约束势场自由膨胀时两点之间的密度-密度关联函数, 结果表明在长波极限下, 两点之间的密度关联函数正比于波数k, 而在短波极限下, 密度关联函数趋近于一个常数. 关键词： 玻色-爱因斯坦凝聚 量子涨落 密度关联     

Fluctuational electrodynamics in the presence of finite thermal sources

We present exact calculations of the spatial correlation of the blackbody radiation in the presence of spheres whose dimensions are smaller or comparable to the radiation wavelength. By going beyond the standard scalar coherence theory, we show that the spatial correlation function of a spherical thermal source is not universal but depends on the material properties of the source and exhibits near-field-induced features. Near-field effects are also manifested in the case of a linear chain of dielectric spheres where the correlation function probes the inhomogeneity of the chain. For this latter system we have established the conditions when the near-field effects cancel out and the correlation function takes the typical form of a conventional Lambertian source. For the case of a chain of metallic nanospheres, the increased spatial correlation of the far field leads to a directional thermal emission spectrum.     

Quantum corrections to liquid correlations

Sudarshan's semi-classical treatment of correlation functions is applied to the study of quantum corrections to the Van Hove function. In its generalised form, it enables one to choose the best correlation function for a given potential. Higher-order correlations are also sketched briefly and the details are similar to those considered by Oppenheim and Bloom.     

Model independent features of the two-particle correlation function

The Hanbury-Brown Twiss correlation function for two identical particles is studied for systems with cylindrical symmetry. Its shape for small values of the relative momentum is derived in a model independent way. In addition to the usual quadratic “side”, “out” and “longitudinal” terms in the exponent of the correlator, a previously neglected “out-longitudinal” cross term is found and discussed. The model-independent expressions for the size parameters of the HBT correlation function are interpreted as lengths of homogeneity of the source, in distinction to its purely geometrical size. They are evaluated analytically and numerically for two specific thermal models featuring collective transverse and longitudinal flow. The analytic expressions derived allow one to establish qualitatively important connections between the space-time features of the source and the shape of the correlation function. New ways of parametrizing the correlation function and a new approach to the measurement of the duration of the emission process are suggested.     

A generalization of the fluctuation-dissipation theorem for the case of excess noise

Electrical fluctuations proportional to the square of the external field are investigated in the case of quasi-equilibrium conditions. The binary correlation function, proportional to the square of the external field, is expressed in terms of the zero-field quaternary correlation function for both quantum and classical cases. This result can be considered as a generalization of the fluctuation-dissipation theorem. The 1/f spectrum is obtained as a consequence of the symmetry properties of the quaternary correlation function without consideration of the physical mechanisms responsible for the noise. The method of investigation of the 1/f spectrum through zero-field quaternary correlation function is discussed.     

The effect of ocean wave on the vertical spatial correlation of ocean ambient noise

The effect of the correlation function of noise sources derived from the ocean wave spectrum on the vertical spatial correlation of ocean ambient noise is investigated. The spatial correlation models of ocean ambient noise usually assume that the surface noise sources are uncorrelated. This assumption can be used to explain some physical phenomena, but it is not consistent with the real situation. Considering the relation between the ocean wave motion and the ambient noise generated by wind, the spectrum of ocean wave is introduced to calculate the vertical correlation of ocean ambient noise as the correlation function of noise sources by using the Kuperman-Ingenito(K/I) noise model. The comparison of the simulations and the experimental data shows that the simulations of vertical correlation of ambient noise have some differences with the experimental data by assuming the noise sources are uncorrelated and the simulations of vertical correlation of ambient noise have a good agreement with the experimental data by using the correlation function of noise sources derived from the ocean wave spectrum under the situation of high wind speed.     

Estimates of wave front distortion from measurements of scattering by model random media and calf liver

An expression based on a perturbation method is employed to estimate the correlation of path length difference in a plane normal to the direction of wave propagation from measurements of ultrasonic scattering by model random media and calf liver. The expression gives the correlation function of path length difference in terms of an integral of the correlation function of the medium variations or an equivalent integral of the power spectrum of medium variations, both for a scattering angle of zero degrees. Power spectra derived from measurements of average differential scattering cross section over a spatial-frequency window are used to fit analytic functions that extend over all spatial frequencies. The results for the windowed and unwindowed data yield correlation functions and corresponding power spectra that are used to estimate the correlation function of path length difference. The results suggest that the correlation length in calf liver is less than 100 microns and that a root-mean-square path length variation of about 20 microns results from propagation through a 100-mm calf liver path.     

Molecular dynamics of some substituted pyridines part II

The time dependent correlation function analysis on pyridine, α-picoline and β-picoline in benzene solution is reported in this paper. The correlation times are found to be dependent on the solute concentration in the solutions. The correlation function falls more slowly as the benzene concentration is increased. These results suggest the possibility of solute solvent aggregate formation.     

Magnetization curve and magnetic correlations in a nanochain of ferromagnetic grains with random anisotropy

The magnetization curve and magnetization correlation function are calculated for a ferromagnetic chain of single-domain nanoparticles with a randomly oriented anisotropy axis for different ratios between the exchange correlation and anisotropy energies. It is shown that the coercive force decreases as the exchange correlations increase. For strong exchange correlations, the magnetization curve is described by the following three successive magnetization processes as the applied field is increased: (i) nonuniform rotation of the magnetization of stochastic domains, (ii) collapse of the magnetic solitons, and (iii) nonuniform rotation of exchange-correlated magnetization vectors of the nanoparticles. For high fields, the calculated correlation function of the transverse magnetization components coincides with that predicted from linear theory. At low and zero fields, the main parameters of the correlation function (the variance and correlation radius) tend to certain finite values rather than diverge (as is the case in linear theory). The irreversible variation in the magnetization at low fields (the hysteresis loop) and the hysteresis of the main parameters of the correlation function are calculated.