Cyanoacetic acid hydrazide: An efficient access for the synthesis of multi-functional azine and azole derivatives

Herein, the synthesis of nitrogen-containing heterocyclic scaffolds from heterocyclization of cyanoacetic acid hydrazide derivatives is described. Thiosemicarbazide derivative 1a undergoes base-mediated cyclization producing pyrazole derivative of type 2 . The triazolopyridine 5 was obtained by double cyclization of 1a and benzylidene malononitrile. Compound 1b condensed with ethyl chloroformate to furnish pyrazolooxazine 8 . Compound 1b was added to benzoyl isothiocyanate under thermal condition to form oxadiazine derivative 10 while, keeping the above reactant under room temperature to form acyclic derivative 11 . Using CS₂ as a cyclizing agent for compound 1b yielded pyrazole derivative 13 . Treatment of 1b with I₂ resulted in oxidative cyclization producing pyridazine derivative 14 . Compound 1c cyclized with benzoyl isothiocyanate forming triazolothiazine derivative 18 . While using cinnamoyl isothiocyanate, the acyclic product 22 was obtained. Compound 1c was condensed with formaldehyde leading to oxadiazole derivative 25 .     

Synthesis and antituberculosis activity of derivatives of the diterpenoid isosteviol with azine,hydrazide, and hydrazone moieties

Derivatives of the diterpenoid isosteviol (16-oxo-ent-beyeran-19-oic acid) with azine, hydrazone, and hydrazide moieties were synthesized. They exhibited high tuberculostatic activity in vitro against the strain Mycobacterium tuberculosis H₃₇R_V (minimum inhibiting concentration in the range 6.3–1.7 μg/mL).     

Tautomerism of azine derivatives

The tautomeric properties of 4-pyrimidinylmethanes were studied in the case of 2-CH₃- and 2-CF₃-4-pyrimidinylcyanoacetic esters, 2-CH₃-4-pyrimidinylnitromethane, and 4-pyrimidinylnitromethane. It was shown by ¹H and ¹³C NMR spectroscopy that an equilibrium with the participation of three tautomeric forms — pyrimidine form A and pyrimidinylidene forms B and C with o- and p-quinoid orientations of the double bonds in the heteroring — may be realized in aprotic dipolar solvents (dimethyl sulfoxide).See [1, 2] for communications I and II.Translated from Khimiya Geterotsiklicheskikh Soedinenii, No. 11, pp. 1544–1548, November, 1978.     

Macrocycles containing azine fragments (review)

Data published over the last two decades on macrocycles containing azine fragments in the ring are reviewed and analyzed.Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry and Petrochemistry, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kiev 253660. Translated from Khimiya Geterotsiklicheskikh Soedinenii, No. 7, pp. 867–882, July, 1998.     

Synthesis of enantiomerically pure macrolides with hydrazide fragments from tetrahydropyran and l-(+)-tartaric acid derivatives

A synthesis of two potentially useful bicyclic 26- and 33-membered macrolides containing 1,3-dioxolane and hydrazide fragments was developed starting from tetrahydropyran via a [1+1]-condensation of 7′-oxooctyl-7-oxooctanoate and bis(7-oxooctyl)hexanedioate with hydrazide of L-(+)-tartaric acid acetonide derivative.     

Tautomerism of azine derivatives. 6. Tautomerism of 2-pyrimidinylmethane derivatives

The existence of a pyrimidinyl-pyrimidinylidene tautomeric equilibrium in solutions of 2-pyrimidinylcyanoacetic acid esters in CDCl₃ was observed. Unsymmetrically substituted compounds form two types of ylidene tautomers that differ with respect to the position of the NH proton, the ratio between which is controlled by the substituents in the 4 (6) position. The introduction of both donor and acceptor substituents into the 5 position of the pyrimidine ring increases the amount of the pyrimidine form. The same thing occurs when the polarity of the solvent is decreased. The addition of DMSO or DMF to CDCl₃ leads to conversion of the intrachelate ylidene tautomers to unchelated tautomers. Protonation (CF₃COOH) shifts the equilibrium to favor the ylidene tautomer that has higher basicity.See [1] for communication 5.Translated from Khimiya Geterotsiklicheskikh Soedinenii, No. 6, pp. 827–831, June, 1984.     

Tautomerism of azine derivatives. 4. Keto-enol tautomerism of β-keto esters of the azine series

The structures of pyrazinoyl-, 3-pyridazinoyl-, 4-pyrimidoyl-, and 2-, 3-, and 4-pyridoylacetic esters were studied by means of IR, NMR, and¹H and¹³C NMR spectroscopy and quantum-chemical calculations (Pariser-Parr-Pople and CNDO/2). The effect of solvents (including strongly and weakly basic solvents) on the position of the tautomeric equilibria of these β-keto esters was studied. The o⁺ constants for the keto and enol fragments were estimated by means of quantum-chemical calculations and¹³C NMR spectroscopy. See [1] for communication No. 3. Translated from Khimiya Geterotsiklicheskikh Soedinenii, No. 6, pp. 822–826, June, 1980.     

Isosteviol and some of its derivatives as receptors and carriers of amino acid picrates

The ability of diterpenoid isosteviol 1 (ent-16-oxobeyeran-19-oic acid) and some of its derivatives with ester and amide groups to bind amino acid picrates in the course of their transport through a liquid chloroform membrane was observed for the first time. Isosteviol was very competitive with dibenzo-18-crown-6 and N,N′-bis(isostevioyl)-1,4-phenylenediamine 5 was even more effective in transportation of d,l-tryptophan through a liquid chloroform membrane.     

Polarity of eight-membered silocines having planar fragments

Russian Journal of Organic Chemistry -     

Carboxamides and amines having two and three adamantane fragments

New carboxamides having two and three adamantane fragments were synthesized from adamantanecarboxylic acid chlorides and adamantane-containing amines. The amides were reduced to the corresponding amines, and the latter were converted into N-p-nitrophenylsulfonyl and N-p-tolylsulfonylcarbamoyl derivatives by treatment with p-nitrobenzenesulfonyl chloride and p-toluenesulfonyl isocyanate, respectively. The structure of the newly synthesized compounds was confirmed by IR and ¹H NMR spectroscopy. Some carboxamides turned out to be inactive in the reduction with lithium tetrahydridoaluminate, which was discussed in terms of the results of semiempirical quantum-chemical calculations.     

Liquid crystalline behaviour of hydrazide derivatives containing alkoxyazobenzene

Two series of dissymmetric hydrazide derivatives containing alkoxyazobenzene with nitro terminal group and octyloxy terminal group, N-4-alkoxyphenyl-N′-4-((4-nitrophenyl)azophenyl) benzohydrazide (Bn-NO₂, n indicates the number of carbon atoms) and N-4-octyloxyphenyl-N′-4-((4-octyloxyphenyl)azophenyl) benzohydrazide (B8-B8), were designed and synthesised, and their liquid crystalline properties were investigated by means of differential scanning calorimetry, polarised optical microscopy and wide-angle X-ray diffraction. It was found that B8-B8 with octyloxy terminal chains displayed monolayer smectic C phase, whereas Bn-NO₂ with nitro terminal group displayed SmA_d phase, and intermolecular hydrogen bonding was confirmed as the driving force. In addition, the effect of hydrogen bonding, dipole–dipole interactions and steric hindrance effect on the liquid crystalline structures were also discussed.     

Synthesis of macrolides containing an azine or hydrazide fragment via successive tishchenko disproportionation and [1 + 1]-condensation

Eight potentially useful 15-, 17-, 20-, and 22–25-membered macrolides having an azine or hydrazide fragment were synthesized starting from L-menthol, tetrahydropyran, and 4-methyltetrahydropyran via [1 + 1]-condensation of hydrazine hydrate and some dicarboxylic dihydrazides with 7-oxooctyl 7-oxooctanoate, 3-methyl-7-oxooctyl 3-methyl-7-oxooctanoate, and (3R)-3,7-dimethyl-6-oxooctyl (3R)-3,7-dimethyl-6-oxooctanoate obtained by the Tishchenko reaction from 7-oxo-, 3-methyl-7-oxo, and (3R)-3,7-dimethyl-6-oxooctanals, respectively.     

Synthesis and biological activity of novel amino acid-(N'-benzoyl) hydrazide and amino acid-(N'-nicotinoyl) hydrazide derivatives

The coupling reaction of benzoic acid and nicotinic acid hydrazides with N- protected L-amino acids including valine, leucine, phenylalanine, glutamic acid and tyrosine is reported. The target compounds, N-Boc-amino acid-(N;-benzoyl)- and N- Boc-amino acid-(N;-nicotinoyl) hydrazides 5a-5e and 6a-6e were prepared in very high yields and purity using N-[(dimethylamino)-1H-1,2,3-triazolo[4,5-b]pyridin-1-yl- methylene]-N-methyl-methanaminium hexafluorophosphate N-oxide (HATU) as coupling reagent. The antimicrobial activity of the Cu and Cd complexes of the designed compounds was tested. The products were deprotected affording the corresponding amino acid-(N;-benzoyl) hydrazide hydrochloride salts (7a-7e) and amino acid-(N;- nicotinoyl) hydrazide hydrochloride salts (8a-8e). These compounds and their Cu and Cd complexes were also tested for their antimicrobial activity. Several compounds showed comparable activity to that of ampicillin against S. aureus and E. coli.     

Tautomerism of azine derivatives. 5. Effect of the heteroatom on the keto-enol tautomerism of β-keto esters of the azine series

The effect of a nitrogen atom in various positions of the heteroaromatic ring on the ketol-enol equilibrium of 2-, 3-, and 4-pyridoyl-, 2- and 4-pyrimidoyl-, pyrazinoyl-, and 3- and 4-pyrazinoylacetic esters is examined. The anomalous effect of a nitrogen atom on the position relative to the tautomeric fragment is noted and is explained by interaction of the unshared pair of the nitrogen atom with the orbitals of the carbonyl group, which may lead to a decrease in the acceptor character of the azine substituent.See [1] for Communication 4. In Communication 4 [Khim. Geterotsikl. Soedin., No. 6, p. 823 (1980)] there is a misprint in the scheme that illustrates the tautomeric equilibrium -keto esters with the participation of protonated forms. See [16] for the corrected scheme.Translated from Khimiya Geterotsiklicheskikh Soedinenii, No. 4, pp. 530–535, April, 1981.