锌,镉及金属硫蛋白在大鼠前列腺的定位研究

测定了Wister大鼠前列腺不同部位锌、镉含量，发现背侧叶、背前叶及腹叶含锌量依次为890．0±80．2、294.0±32.5和35.8±6．7μg／g干组织，含镉量依次为0.257±0．030、0.128±0．012和0．060±0．009μg／g干组织。各叶之间锌含量有显著性差异（P＜0.01），镉含量的差异具有统计学意义（P＜0．05），而且各叶中锌的含量明显高于镉。免疫组化测定将金属硫蛋白定位于腺体上细胞核和细胞液中，各叶均为阳性，其强度依次为背侧叶最强，背前叶其次，腹叶最弱，与锌、镉分布一致。     

铅致骨髓细胞微核异常的防治研究

营养性驱铅饮料对铅致骨髓细胞微核异常的防治大鼠研究结果表明：铅料组饮铅[659mg／（kg．d）]连续3月后，平均骨髓细胞微核千分率高达9．75，平均血铅高达3．69±0.05μmol／L，体重仅为216．9±24．6g。而饮料组[铅：659mg／（kg·d）＋饮料]大鼠平均骨髓细胞微核千分率为5．22，与铅料组相比差异有高度显著性（P＜0．01），与空白对照组（3．94‰）相近（P＜0．05）；平均血钳浓度（1．58±0.05μmol／L）也较铅料组低（P＜0．01），而体重（278．1±73.0g）则较铅料组高（P＜0．01），而与空白对照组（287．9±100．1g）相近（P＞0．05）。提示：营养性驱铅饮料防治铅致骨髓细胞微核异常有明显效果，且能促进机体正常发育。     

异丙酚芬太尼全麻对人体内微量元素铁的影响

研究了12例病人静注异丙酚和芬太尼全麻对人体内微量元素铁的影响。结果显示静注异丙酚和芬太尼前后血铁含量分别为7．300±6．353μmol／L利19．960±6．014μmol／L，使用上述两种药物后，血铁值变化差异无显著性（P＞0．05）。表明异丙酚和芬太尼全麻对人体微量元素铁的影响不大。     

吉林省白山市健康居民全血硒含量调查分析

采用新极谱法对吉林省白山市健康居民的全血样品进行了硒含量的测定 ,并对数据进行了微机处理。总样本数为 1 1 5例 ,血硒含量为 1 5 1 3± 3 9 7μg/L ,男性 70例 ,血硒含量为 1 45 5±3 9 0 μg/L ,女性 45例 ,血硒含量为 1 60 2± 3 9 4μg/L ,两者之间有显著性差异 ( 0 0 5 >P≥ 0 0 1 ) ,但均处于营养状态     

关于硒缺乏症,硒与透析的探讨

就硒缺乏症、硒与透析的关系，检查了慢性肾功不全患者血清中的硒，其浓度为９．８±１．９μｇ／ｄＬ，正常人的血清中，硒浓度为１３．７±２．６μｇ／ｄＬ．并对慢性肾功不全的患者进行透析，测定其血清中硒浓度为１０．７±３．１μｇ／ｄＬ．结果表明：慢性肾功不全患者血清中硒浓度低于正常人血清中画浓度，经透析后血清中硒浓度虽有上升，但仍不如正常人，并且随着透析期间的延长血清中硒浓度逐渐下降．     

铅暴露者体内卟啉代谢与膳食调整的探讨

武汉某蓄电池厂69名长年接触铅作业工人血铅及相应血尿生化指标测定结果表明：平均血铅含量1.48±0.67μmol／L，血红蛋白为129.0±25.4g／L，贫血率为36．3％；血锌原卟啉为6.65±3．65μg／（g.Hb），血δ-氨基酮戊酸脱水酶为59．2±49．5IU／L，尿δ-氨基酮戊酸为5．69±4．44mg／L。同时发现，作业工人膳食总热能、Ca、VitaminA、VitaminB2摄人不足，血铅水平与膳食中磷、VitaminB1、VitaminB2摄人量呈负相关。结合膳食营养素对铅代谢的影响，本文提出了相应的合理膳食建议。     

苏州市儿童血清中微量元素含量分析

为了解苏州市儿童血清中微量元素的含量,用OlympusAu 40 0 (日本)全自动生化分析仪检测了苏州大学附属儿童医院儿保门诊3 5 0例体检儿童血清中的微量元素含量。结果表明,本地区儿童血清中Ca、P、Mg、Cu、Fe、Zn含量依次为:(2 .3 4±0 . 1 4)mmol/L、(1 .5 8±0 . 2 3 )mmol/L、(0 .89±0 . 1 1 )mmol/L、(2 4. 62±5 .0 5 ) μmol/L、(1 5 . 0 2±5. 63 ) μmol/L、(2 0 . 86±5 . 74) μmol/L。男、女儿童间Ca、P、Mg、Cu、Fe、Zn含量差异无显著性(P值均>0 . 1 0 ) ;在不同年龄组间,Mg、Zn含量差异无显著性(P值均>0 . 1 0 ) ,Ca、P、Cu、Fe含量差异显著(P值均<0 .0 1 ) ;Fe含量随年龄的增长而逐步增加,Ca含量随年龄的增长而逐步降低。     

硒代二半胱氨酸对白血病细胞系的诱导分化研究

硒抑制体外白血病细胞的生长和增殖．并能诱导部分白血病细胞分化成熟。但其药理作用因硒制剂的不同而异．硒代二半胱氨酸抑制V937和K562血病细胞的生长和增殖，半数抑制浓度为3．0μmol／L，经30μmol／L硒代二半胱氨酸作用3天后，U937胞吞噬率以5％上升至14％，K562细胞内血红蛋白含量由0．20增至0．40μg／10^6细胞，说明硒代二半胱氨酸能诱导部分白血病细胞分化成熟。     

食管贲门癌、肺癌病人血清锌变化与手术创伤愈合的关系

对５０例胸外科手术的癌症病人进行了临床观察，用日立ＡＡ－６７０型原子吸收分光光度计测血清锌含量．结果表明．食管资门癌、肺癌病人均有不同程度锌缺乏．实验组血清锌均值为６６．３５±１８．１６μｇ／ｄＬ，对照组为６６．２０±７．６５μｇ／ｄＬ．实验组补锌后，血清锌均值升高为７２．７２±２１．１２μｇ／ｄＬ．实验组手术后无切口愈合不良及吻合口瘘并发症发生，对照组切口愈合不良６例（其中２例切口完全裂开）（Ｐ＜０．０１），吻合口瘘４例（均伴有切口愈合不良）（Ｐ＜．００５）．两组间有显著差异．锌在创伤愈合过程中确有重要的促进作用．     

微量元素活性剂口服液对中老年人血液脂蛋白和脂质过氧化反应的影响

30名受试者平均年龄59．5±6．9岁．其中女性11名。每名受试者连续饮用微量元素活性剂口服液1个月。结果表明．血清总胆固醇由6．037mmol／L减少到4.867mmol／L，P＜0.01。低密度脂蛋白由4.470mmol／L减少到3．667mmol／L．P＜0．O1．甘油三脂和极低密度脂蛋白也分别降低了9．8％和10．6％；而高密度脂蛋白由0.720mmol／L增至1．003mmol／L，P＜O．O5；血浆丙二醛浓度由4．435mmol／L降至4.081mmol／L，P＜0．05：红细胞谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶和超氧化物歧化酶浓度均升高。血脂和血脂蛋白的变化表明．微量元素活性剂口服液对中老年人防治脑动脉硬化和冠心病具有良好作用。     

利用手持技术改进测定乙醇分子结构实验

利用压强传感器代替排水集气法,改进测定乙醇分子结构实验的仪器装置,并探索最佳反应条件。另外,设计两个空白实验,结合压强变化曲线对实验误差进行相关讨论。     

光谱仪测试范围的扩展

由于石化行业的生产需要，其材质的使用具有多样性和广泛性，经常会出现顾客委托的测试样品的一个或几个元素跨越光谱仪现有测试程序测量范围的情况。本法通过对光谱仪测试原理的认识，根据光谱仪的测试能力及标样的采集，实现了一个或几个元素测量范围的扩展，并对其测量的影响因素进行了研究。     

Dichroism of absorption and polarization of phosphorescence of molecules of the closed form of nitrobenzospirothiopyran

The spectral-polarization characteristics of absorption and phosphorescence of molecules of the initial form of nitro-substituted indolinospirobenzothiopyran were studied in oriented polyethylene films and in solutions with different polarity. An oscillator model of the electron transitions responsible for the formation of absorption and luminescence spectra was suggested. It was established that the principal differences in the spectral and photophysical properties of the compound studied and its oxygen-containing analog are associated with the fact that the electronegativity of the S atom is lower than that of the O atom. Translated fromIzvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 6, pp. 1143–1146, June, 1997.     

Influence of viscosity of medium on processes of oxygen quenching of excited states of mesoporphyrin

The oxygen quenching rate constants for singlet and triplet excited states of the dimethyl ester of mesoporphyrin IX increase with decreasing viscosity of the medium and reach a maximum at a viscosity of approximately 0.4 mPa·sec, after which the rate constants begin to decrease. The drop in rate constant with increasing fluidity of the medium may be related to a nonequilibrium character of the elementary act in the interaction of the reactants in the solvent cage. In viscous media such as isopropyl alcohol, isobutyl alcohol, and isoamyl alcohol, the reaction radius is greater than the sum of the radii of the reacting particles. The long-range character of these processes is due to the relatively weak dependence of the quenching probability on distance.Translated from Teoreticheskaya i Éksperimental'naya Khimiya, Vol. 25, No. 2, pp. 161–167, March–April, 1989.     

Determination of heats of detonation and influence of components of composite explosives on heats of detonation of high explosives

The heats of detonation of 20 simple high explosives and explosive mixtures were determined by means of an adiabatic detonation calorimeter designed by the authors. The results indicated that the performance of the instrument was reliable and the experimental data were very accurate. For explosive mixtures, there was a linear accumulative relationship between the heats of detonation of the explosive mixture and its components. Accordingly, the heats of detonation of explosive mixtures could be calculated directly from the heats of detonation of simple explosives and the characteristic heats of other components. The experiments showed that the gold or brass shell of the cylindrical charge could be substituted by a thick-walled porcelain shell, which had the advantage of cheapness.

     

Neutral diterpenoids of oleoresins of five species of conifers of Transcarpathia

The compositions of the neutral diterpenoids of the oleoresins of five species of conifers growing in the Transcarpathia have been studied. It has been found that the oleoresins ofAbies alba M.,Larix decidua M., andPicea excelsa L. contain more than 50% of neutral diterpenoids. The group and qualitative compositions of the oxygen-containing diterpenoids have been determined. In the oleoresins ofAbies alba,Picea excelsa, andPicea abies tertiary alcohols — cis-abienol and isocembrol — predominate, while inLarix decidua the main component is the hydroxy ester larixyl acetate. Primary alcohols related to the resin acids have been found in all the oleoresins investigated. Features of the distribution of diterpenoids according to the species of conifers have been revealed. The results obtained are necessary for the chemotaxonomy of conifers of the family Pinceae.Novosibirsk Institute of Organic Chemistry, Siberian Branch, Academy of Sciences of the USSR. Translated from Khimiya Prirodynkh Soedinenii, No. 6, pp. 812–816, November–December, 1988.     

物质分配系数的测定实验改进

实验教学目的是从解决实际问题出发,以实验技术训练和实验设计思想培养为目标。介绍了将单一的物质分配系数测定实验改进为综合实验,提高了实验效果及实验资源利用率。     

Calculation of enthalpies of hydrogenation of hydrocarbons

Sets of hydrogen molecule equivalents have been developed which permit the calculation of hydrogenation of different types of carbon-carbon bonds from ab initio total energies (3-21G and 6-31G* basis sets, and, to a more limited extent, for MP2/6-31G* data) of reactants and products. The calculated enthalpies of hydrogenation are in good agreement with experiment for unstrained molecules, with average errors on the order of 2 kcal/mol. The 6-31G* equivalents allow the enthalpies for strained molecules to be calculated accurately, but the 3-21G equivalents do not. The equivalents for both basis sets have been tested by calculating the enthalpies of hydrogenation of carbon-carbon bonds in nitrogen- and oxygen-containing organic molecules, free radicals, and classical carbocations. The results are in good agreement with experiment in most cases.     

非那雄胺合成工艺改进

非那雄胺能抑制5α-还原酶的活性,明显降低二氢睾酮水平,是一种治疗良性前列腺增生的有效药品。该合成工艺以甾烯酮酸为原料,将其与氯化亚砜反应,无须分离即与叔丁胺反应得17β-酰胺化合物,再氧化开环,环合,氢化,脱氢合成了非那雄胺。经元素分析、IR、1HNMR、13CNMR、MS分析表征了其结构。该法无须使用昂贵的2,2-二吡啶二硫化物和剧毒药品苯亚硒酸酐,且以乙酸铵代替氨气,降低了对设备的要求和腐蚀,更适用于工业生产。