三结太阳电池在非均匀光照下光斑强度和覆盖比率的优化研究

高倍聚光光伏组件通常采用光电转化效率较高的三结太阳电池.由于聚光器件的非理想性,电池承受的光照分布通常是高度非均匀的,在光伏组件中可通过适当增大光斑与电池面积的比率来降低光照非均匀性对电池电学性能的影响.通过对某一特定三结电池进行电路网络建模计算,分析光斑的强度分布和照射面积对电池的影响,并对比了四种设计方案(均匀光照、非均匀光照、电池效率最大、组件效率最大)下的光斑强度、光斑大小、电池效率以及电池温度分布.对比分析结果表明,组件达到效率最大时的电池效率并不是电池在标准测试条件下的最大效率,而使电池工作在效率最大值的设计方案中组件效率最低.组件效率最大方案中使用的聚光器透镜面积较小,因此该方案将导致组件成本增大.电池效率最大方案中使用的聚光器透镜面积较大并且电池温度最低,故该方案组件成本较低且可靠性较高.这表明在实际组件设计中应充分考虑对发电量的实际需求,选择合适的几何聚光倍数和光斑覆盖电池的比率.     

漫射光宽视场光学天线的设计

利用光线追迹的方法分析了半球光学天线及另外两种截取角小于90°的欠半球和大于90°的超半球光学天线的光学增益和接收视场,提出了选择合适截取角的原则,并确认半球形光学天线是一种很合适的漫射光宽视场光学天线;同时分析了均匀能量环境下半球光学天线圆截面上接收到光功率的分布,并提出了设计半球形光学天线基本参量的原则;用光学理论推导出了采用半球形光学天线时能够到达光敏面的光线所应满足的条件,分析了它对光学滤波设计的意义.     

基于棱镜二次聚光的高倍聚光模组聚光特性与三结电池光谱响应匹配与优化

目前Ⅲ-Ⅴ多结高倍聚光(HCPV)太阳电池实验室效率记录已高达46%,而相对应的模组效率与之相差仍较大,其中由于模组中聚光非理想性引起的损失就高达20%.本文通过建立光学模型和非均匀光照的三维电池电路网络模型,以Ⅲ-Ⅴ族三结电池为例,研究了菲涅耳透镜一次聚光、棱镜二次聚光的HCPV模组的聚光特性和光电特性.结果发现.由于光线非平行入射和-菲涅耳透镜的色散现象,使得沿光轴方向短、中、长波段聚光发散及聚光不均匀,从而造成了三结电池的上、中、下各子电池光谱响应失配损失,模组光电转换性能下降;进一步,通过采用棱镜二次聚光,能较好地改善聚光和温度均匀性;通过对光轴方向上短、中、长波段的聚光特性与三结电池光谱响应匹配优化,使得模组输出功率提高10%以上.模拟结果己得到实验验证.     

基于étendue量的液晶投影物镜相对照度分析

基于非成像光学的étendue量对液晶投影显示照明系统和投影物镜进行匹配,对液晶投影物镜的相对照度进行分析,根据étendue量计算照明系统液晶板照明面的发光强度分布,与根据朗伯体服从余弦分布的计算相对照度的算法进行比较,并对相对照度的Rimmer算法进行修正,分析和实验表明,修正算法得到的投影物镜相对照度计算更符合实际情况,对于投影物镜确定渐晕系数、校正像差有利.     

Efficient and compact reflective-type encapsulation module for high-power light-emitting diode

This paper presents a practical and effective reflective-type encapsulation module employing a high-power LED chip and a light concentrator with the advantages of high-performance and ultra-compactness. Linear-segment and cubic-spline (LSCS) synthesis method is proposed for the light concentrator design, the detailed of which is thoroughly investigated. Design results show that the reflective encapsulation module could not only reduce the irradiance non-uniformity from 28.72% down to 8.34% within the prescribed illumination region, but also minimize the optical dimension by 9.6%, which demonstrate both the effectiveness and robustness of the LSCS method. It is believed that there would be a huge market potential to commercialize this design.     

Design of hemispherical cavities for LED-based illumination devices

We present the design procedure for an illumination system based on the association of several emitting diodes in optical cavities with a hemispherical shape. The main purpose of this illumination system is to provide high amounts of monochromatic light over small areas, thus making it adequate for testing radiation-sensing devices. A detailed methodology for the optimization of the optical system, by taking into account both the electro-optical properties of the emitting diodes and the geometry of the cavity, is described. The irradiance on the working plane is increased by using a pulsed current operation mode at low duty cycles for light emitting diodes. The performance of two illumination devices designed with this methodology has been tested through the measurement of some concentrator GaAs solar cells. Current densities up to 5 A/cm² have been obtained in these cells with a cavity based on infrared emitting diodes. PACS 42.15.Eq; 85.60.Bt; 85.60.Jb     

基于相移结构光照明的浮雕成像技术研究

详细介绍了一种基于相移结构光照明的浮雕成像技术,对该成像技术的原理和成像特性进行了实验研究,并采用相移结构光照明的方法实现彩色浮雕成像。实验中,将多幅相移正弦条纹光场斜投射到被拍摄物体上,数码相机依次拍摄被照明的物体,再利用拍摄到的多幅相移图像,通过计算的方法重建出所需要的图像。理论分析和实验结果表明,相移结构光照明成像技术能有效地消去环境不均匀光照的影响,获取的反射率分布图像只与结构光照明有关,突显了斜投射照明所形成的阴影,图像的明暗变化反映出物体表面的法线变化,因而在视觉上形成了明显的浮雕效果。     

三代微光像增强器信噪比测量技术研究

微光像增强器是微光成像技术中的核心部件,微光像增强器的信噪比是像增强器的重要参数之一,它可以定量表征像增强器在探测弱辐射图像时的性能,可综合反映空间因素和时间因素对探测图像特性的影响。介绍了微光像增强器信噪比的测量原理和装置,测量装置采用精确的微孔光阑、可变光阑及共轭对称透镜系统,实现直径为0.2 mm的特定光斑投射在像增强器光阴极面上。采用光子计数技术,通过研究小探测面（探测直径小于4 mm）微弱光照度标定方法,解决了针孔微弱光照度的准确标定与直径为0.2 mm信噪比光源照度准确测量。     

Implementation of the light gathering power enhancement of waveguide resonators

Characteristics of planar X-ray waveguide resonators (PXWRs) including the low total intensity of the beams they form are briefly discussed. Simple methods for the light gathering power enhancements are described. Experimental data characterizing some of the methods are presented. According to these data, equipping a PXWR with an input tapered total-external-reflection concentrator is presumably the most promising way to enhance the light gathering power of the resonator. It has been experimentally shown that the use of a symmetric tapered concentrator increases the light gathering power of the PXWR at least five times without distortion of the spatial intensity distribution of the X-ray beam formed by the resonator. The results of the implementation for the modified PXWR for diffraction analysis are presented.     

矩形复合抛物面空间双向照明节能多功能反光杯设计

提出了充分利用灯具空间,具有单体双向多功能的光学设计新理念。结合LED与CPC,根据光学扩展量守恒,借助光路可逆原理与边缘光线原理,构造矩形复合抛物面。根据我国最新的《读写作业台灯性能要求》GB/T 9473-2017,以出光口半宽、台灯辐照高度、截短后杯体长度比为3个因素,设计正交实验,确定台灯矩形复合抛物面最适合参数为:出光口半宽50 mm、最大进光半角47.73°、截取杯体长度36 mm。在照明方面,该矩形复合抛物面能够满足关于A、AA级的照度和照度均匀度要求;在弱光聚集方面,其太阳能芯片位置的照度是不经聚光情况的1.25倍;在聚光模式下,太阳能芯片的光伏转化效率是非聚光模式下的1.66倍。这是对当前市面上非聚光模式收集太阳能方式的补充。     

Array illumination with minimal non-uniformity based on generalized phase contrast

The generalized phase contrast method (GPC) has been previously shown to be an efficient technique for generating array illumination and is thus highly suitable for such applications as dynamic multiple beam trapping and optical micromanipulation. However, projected arrays usually exhibit intensity roll-offs that may be undesirable for some applications. We show that the uniformity of GPC-generated array illuminations can be improved using intuitive corrections to the input spatial phase modulation, by increasing or decreasing it to respectively raise or lower the intensity of the corresponding output spots to improve uniformity. This is combined with matching corrections to the phase shift introduced by the phase contrast filter. Results from numerical experiments show that the array illumination uniformity error improves from over 40% to less than 1% while maintaining the efficiency prior to implementing corrections.     

Performance of multi-junction cells due to illumination distribution across the cell surface

This paper addresses the influence of illumination distribution on the performance of a high concentration photovoltaic (HCPV) module. CPV systems comprise of optical elements as well as mechanical tracking to concentrate the solar flux onto the solar receiver as well as to keep the system on track with the sun. The performance of the subcells of the multi-junction concentrator cell depends on the optical alignment of the system. Raster scanning of the incident intensity in the optical plane of the receiver and corresponding I–V measurements were used to investigate the influence of illumination distribution on performance. The results show that the illumination distribution that differs between cells does affect the performance of the module. The performance of the subcells of the multi-junction concentrator cell also depends on the optical alignment of the system.     

An optimisation design of adaptive illumination for a multi-reflective 3D scene

An illumination optimisation technique applied to multi-reflective 3-D machine vision based on a projector-camera system is introduced, in which the projector plays a key role to compensate for surface reflectance at each pixel to be inversely proportional to the brightness of the pixel under ambient light. The adaptive illumination technology was achieved by iterations emphasising different illumination intensities according to different surface orientations and requiring an accurate correspondence between the projector pixels and the camera pixels. In order to establish the most effective correspondence to prepare for subsequent adaptive illumination, 4 kinds of grating patterns, including sinusoidal, rectangular, triangular, and dual-frequency sinusoidal grating patterns, were projected and compared. The iterations were halted when an optimally lit scene was obtained; the further experiments under weak and strong light searched for the best method of illumination optimisation and confirmed the reliability of the adaptive illumination. The proposed optimisation design could run in real time and became a viable solution for industry.     

LED照明系统的光照均匀性设计

随着大功率LED发射光强的不断提高,采用单粒LED为光源的照明系统已能满足许多场合的照明需求。根据非成像反射器的设计方法,研究了一种以单粒LED为光源的照明系统光照均匀性问题,提出了一种能实现目标平面特定区域内的照度值为常数的光反射器面形设计方法。该方法根据目标平面上的照度分布函数建立微分方程,通过求解微分方程得到反射器面形轮廓的函数,根据该函数建立照明系统的模型,用ASAP对该模型进行光线追迹,得到系统的光照均匀性,并进而确定适合数控加工的反射器面形数据。     

Kinetics of an exciton-trion system in shallow GaAs/AlGaAs quantum wells

The formation of three-particle charged exciton complexes (trions) in shallow GaAs/AlGaAs quantum wells in the temperature range 1.7–15 K has been investigated by luminescence spectroscopy and resonant light scattering. The effect of the photon energy and the intensity of additional above-barrier illumination on the trion formation kinetics has been analyzed. It is established that, upon intrawell excitation, illumination leads to the formation of trions when the light photon energy corresponds to the regions of effective formation of trions in the photoluminescence excitation spectra. It is shown that, with an increase in the illumination level, the trion concentration first increases and then reaches a plateau since the quantum well acquires an electric charge whose field equalizes the electron and hole capture rates.     

像面照度均匀的环带式菲涅尔透镜设计

为了解决太阳光经传统菲涅尔聚光镜聚光后太阳能电池接收面上的光强分布不均匀问题,设计了一种环带式菲涅尔聚光镜。根据菲涅尔环带设计方法,把接收面划分为与之对应的环带,使光线在经过菲涅尔聚光镜的表面环带后进入相应的接受面环带,减少了光能损失并提高了光强分布均匀性。给出了在350 nm ~760 nm波段范围内太阳张角角度为0.54°、口径200 mm、高宽比为0.65、聚光比为400的菲涅尔聚光系统设计实例,通过Tracepro模拟并分析了菲涅尔聚光镜的光学能力。结果表明:在接收面尺寸相同的情况下与参数相同的的传统匀光菲涅尔聚光镜相比,此环带菲涅尔透镜光斑能量分布均匀性达到75%。     

照度对测量三代微光像增强器MTF的影响分析

通过探讨像增强器MTF测试仪用光源的出射光照度对测量结果的影响,对透过测量狭缝的光强分布进行了分析.调节狭缝面的入射光照度,对不同照度作用下的调制传递函数进行了对比测量,经与微光像增强器的饱和输出亮度比较,得出:三代微光像增强器的MTF测试值随入射光照度分布呈抛物线分布,其最大值与微光像增强器的自动亮度控制特性有关.适当选择入射光照度,可确保被测像增强器既有足够的输出信噪比,而不进入饱和区域.     

近红外激光照明器均匀性评价技术研究

近红外激光照明是在低照度情况下,用近红外激光作为光源对远距离目标进行主动照明.由于激光的产生机制、匀光装置和照明器采用的光学系统公差、大气湍流等因素,近红外激光光束在目标面上的光强空间分布不均匀,对成像、观测准确度产生较大影响.本文提出采用近红外激光光强功率谱衡量照明近红外激光光强分布均匀性,即采用归一化后光强功率谱所围成的面积作为衡量近红外激光照明均匀性的参量.利用这种方法,对不同的近红外激光照明器,在相同的工作状态下的照明均匀性评估参量进行了研究,结果验证了采用归一化后光强功率谱所围成的面积作为评价参量的合理性.     

复合抛物面聚光器作为可见光通信光学天线的设计研究与性能分析

针对室内可见光通信的特点, 选择复合抛物面聚光器作为可见光通信系统光学天线, 介绍了复合抛物面聚光器的几何结构和光学特性, 利用光学仿真软件 TracePro对复合抛物面聚光器进行了设计、建模与仿真. 通过对不同光源条件下复合抛物面聚光器聚光特性的仿真发现: 在光源为朗伯辐射模型时复合抛物面聚光器的聚光性能更好, 且视场角越小增益越高; 但接收端与光源的相对位置对小视场复合抛物面聚光器的实际增益有明显影响, 在仿真条件下, 视场角为10°的复合抛物面聚光器实际增益为22.88, 比理论值降低了31%. 在此基础上, 在一个5 m×5 m×3 m的房间中对采用复合抛物面聚光器为光学天线的室内可见光通信系统进行了建模, 分别得到了直射链路和非直射链路下房间内各个位置的光功率分布. 仿真结果表明, 采用一个视场角为60°的复合抛物面聚光器为光学天线, 两种链路下平均接收功率分别提高了4.29 dBm和4.77 dBm, 非直射链路比直射链路的平均接收功率提高了11.2%.     

细菌视紫红质用于光子逻辑门的研究

本文对基于细菌视紫红质变种材料D96N的三种基本光逻辑操作进行了研究.随着入射黄光强度的增加,菌紫质对黄光的吸收呈饱和吸收特性,此时紫光的照射将会使此饱和吸收阈值增加.在黄光和紫光对样品的共同作用下,透射光强度会被调制,调制的程度取决于这两束光的相对强度以及被调制光波长.通过观测被调制的525nm检测光强度,我们模拟了几种基本的光子逻辑运算:“非”、“或”和“与”运算.