用在位X-射线衍射技术对PAN纤维的动态热解特征和环化动力学的研究

本文用在位X-射线衍射技术研究了PAN(聚丙烯腈)纤维的预氧化过程。由广角测得不同温度下试样随热解时间而变化的一系列的解析谱图中计算出样品的结晶度、微晶尺寸、晶面间距和芳构化指数,并对这些参数随实验条件变化的瞬间情况给予了解释。同时,还描述了PAN纤维在预氧化过程中的环化动力学行为。求解了各温度下的环化反应速率和活化参数。     

PAN基中空纤维炭膜炭化条件的研究

研究了以ＰＡＮ其中空纤维膜为基质制备中空纤维央膜的过程。考察了ＰＡＮ厚膜的预氧化和炭化条件对中空纤维炭膜Ｈ２，Ｎ２气体渗透性和选择性的影响。结果表明，预氧化温度和时间对Ｈ２，Ｎ２气体的渗透速率有一定影响；     

超高相对分子质量聚丙烯腈基多孔中空氧化纤维的制备工艺研究

以超高相对分子质量聚丙烯腈基多孔中空纤维为原丝制备了多孔中空氧化纤维 ,研究了其制备工艺 .详细考察了氧化工艺条件 (温度、时间 )对多孔中空氧化纤维环化程度的影响 ,发现环化程度随氧化温度升高和氧化时间延长而提高 ;与以普通分子质量聚丙烯腈基实心纤维为原丝相比 ,氧化温度应较低 (<2 4 0℃ )、氧化时间应较短 (<2h) .     

SAPO—34分子筛晶化机理的研究

采用ＸＲＤ，ＳＥＭ，ＩＲ和ＣＰ／ＭＡＳ及ＭＡＳ ＮＭＲ等手段，对快速水热合成ＳＡＰＯ－３４分子筛的全过程进行了监测，研究了由原始凝胶到ＳＡＰＯ－３４结晶体过程中固相物质的组成结构随晶化时间的变化规律。结果表明，ＳＡＰＯ－３４晶核的形成过程既是一个硅氧，磷氧和铝氧四面体由无序排列的胶团到有序排列的晶格骨架的重排过程，同时又是羟基缔合脱水环化的过程。     

聚丙烯腈基碳纤维预氧化过程组成结构的演变

采用扫描电子显微镜、X射线衍射结构分析、裂解色谱-质谱、红外光谱等手段,探索了聚丙烯腈(PAN)基碳纤维预氧化过程中组成及结构演变的规律.预氧化初期,PAN丝束结构消失,呈半融状.共聚体首先参加反应,酯类等消失,分子发生环状交联,环化指数缓慢增加.预氧化初期与中期为环化反应最激烈阶段,易使结构固定化,形成结构性缺陷,应加强前期牵伸.预氧化中期重排形成新的片块堆垛束状结构,并逐步向片状扇形发散结构转变,框架结构在预氧化后期趋于稳定.此阶段,由于羧酯共聚体的诱发逐步形成非常稳定的环状结构,单体、二聚体、三聚体明显减少.预氧化后期只剩下含?/FONT>CN基的碎片,最后?/FONT>CN碎片亦消失,环化指数随预氧化过程升高, 结构形貌不再发生大的变化.     

电催化甲酸氧化中钯微粒与聚苯胺的相互作用

采用电化学、ＸＰＳ和拉曼光谱研究钯微粒修饰聚苯胺（ＰＡＮ（Ｐｄ）电极对甲酸氧化的电催化行为。由于钯与ＰＡＮ的相互作用，钯微粒在所研究的电位区间可稳定地固定于ＰＡＮ中，且甲酸在钯上的氧化明显地抑制ＰＡＮ的氧化降解，使ＰＡＮ（Ｐｄ）电极电催化甲酸氧化反应具有高的稳定性和活性。     

聚丙烯腈基碳纤维预氧化过程

采用扫描电子显微镜、X射线衍射结构分析、裂解色谱-质谱、红外光谱等手段,探索了聚丙烯腈(PAN)基碳纤维预氧化过程中组成及结构演变的规律.预氧化初期,PAN丝束结构消失,呈半融状.共聚体首先参加反应,酯类等消失,分子发生环状交联,环化指数缓慢增加.预氧化初期与中期为环化反应最激烈阶段,易使结构固定化,形成结构性缺陷,应加强前期牵伸.预氧化中期重排形成新的片块堆垛束状结构,并逐步向片状扇形发散结构转变,框架结构在预氧化后期趋于稳定.此阶段,由于羧酯共聚体的诱发逐步形成非常稳定的环状结构,单体、二聚体、三聚体明显减少.预氧化后期只剩下含-CN基的碎片,最后-CN碎片亦消失,环化指数随预氧化过程升高,结构形貌不再发生大的变化.     

荧光和动态散射方法研究两性表面活性剂胶束的聚集和相互 …

以芘为荧光探针，二苯酮为猝灭剂，利用荧光方法测定了两性表面活性剂Ｎ十二烷基－Ｎ，Ｎ－二甲基氨基丙磺酸盐（ＤＤＡＰＳ）胶束在不同温度和不同ＮａＣｌ浓度下的聚集数，利用动态光莠射方法得到了胶束的水力半径Ｒｈ，结果表明，ＤＤＡＰＳ的胶束聚集数和Ｒｂ值随ＮａＣｌ浓度的升高略有增大，随温度的升高而稍有下降，ＤＤＡＰＳ胶束之间的作用力以排斥力为主。     

聚丙烯腈与铜相互作用的研究

我们用红外反射吸收谱及透射电子显微镜等研究了ＰＡＮ与铜Ｃｕ复合样品在不同温度热处理过程中的行为，结果显示：ＰＡＮ涂复在Ｃｕ表面上后，样品在２００℃２低温下进行热处理就可形成Ｃ－Ｃ＝Ｃ主链的共轭，相同条件下单纯ＰＡＮ热处理时的Ｃ－Ｃ＝Ｃ链共轭温度要３００℃－４００℃，因此由于ＰＡＮ与Ｃｕ的相互作用，使得碳链的共轭温度大大降低了，同时相互作用的另一个结果是通过铜与氰基的络合作用，铜原子扩散进入聚合物骨     

环化聚丁二烯链结构的NMR研究

用Ｈ－ＨＣＯＳＹ谱证实环化聚丁二烯的多环序列末端存在三取代双键。解析Ｃ－ＮＭＲ谱表明残存的线形分子中仍然含有丁二烯的反１，４和１，２－单元。利用Ｈ－ＨＣＯＳＹ谱提供的信息对环化聚丁二烯的Ｈ－ＮＭＲ谱峰进行了归属，定义了参数Ｐ，Ｑ推导出环化度Ｘ和环化率Ｙ的计算公式，讨论了环化度Ｘ环化率Ｙ与参数Ｐ，Ｑ之间的关系，用上述方法处理了几个环化聚丁二烯的Ｈ－ＮＭＲ谱。     

STXM研究氧元素在PAN预氧化纤维截面上的分布

采用扫描透射X射线显微镜( STXM),对聚丙烯腈(PAN)预氧化纤维截面进行具有30 nm空间分辨率的元素分布研究,结合将两幅吸收图上对应像素点的光密度相比求解元素分布的双能衬度分析法,获得氧元素在PAN预氧化纤维截面上的分布信息.STXM实验结果表明,氧元素在PAN原丝截面上分布是均匀的;经过预氧化后,PAN纤维皮...     

用SbCl_3使聚丙烯腈纤维稳定化的研究

<正> 众所皆知,梯型高分子是相当耐热的,其中一大部分是耐燃的梯型高分子。制造梯型高分子的方法很多,它可以通过小分子的有机化合物,经缩合或用大分子中的功能基反应得到梯型高分子。聚丙烯腈(PAN)中有大量的腈基,通过聚合而得到含聚氢化吡啶并经得起950℃的耐热梯型高分子。     

Kinetics of cyclization reaction in poly(acrylonitrile/methyl acrylate/dimethyl itaconate) copolymer determined by a thermal analysis

The PAN/MA/DMI (poly(acrylonitrile/methyl acrylate/dimethyl itaconate)) copolymer was synthesized for being used as a carbon fiber precursor. Its high melt-spinnability at 175–210 °C has been demonstrated elsewhere but the cyclization kinetics was thoroughly investigated by DSC analysis herein. The isothermal analysis based on the Kamal equation demonstrates that at a given temperature, the cyclization rate constant k of PAN/MA/DMI system is five to seven times that of a regular PAN/MA system. The activation energy E_a of the PAN/MA/DMI system, owing to the acid-catalysis by the DMI compound, is approximately 30 kJ/mol lower than that of a regular PAN/MA system. An isothermal Avrami analysis confirmed the above finding. Furthermore, based on the obtained nucleation index n, DMI may induce intermolecular cyclization which can rapidly stabilize the fiber shape of PAN/MA/DMI precursor. A nonisothermal analysis, obtained from the Ozawa's method, revealed the same tendency as did the isothermal results, but the difference between the average activation energies E_a obtained with and without DMI was reduced from 30 to 25 kJ/mol. Finally, a cyclization mechanism that involves the formation of a cyclic anhydride was proposed.     

Thermal behavior of polyacrylonitrile polymers synthesized under different conditions and comonomer compositions

Polyacrylonitrile (PAN) polymers are used as precursors for carbon fiber production. This process requires an oxidative stabilization step, which can be studied by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). In this sense, thermal behavior of PAN based terpolymers by different polymerization processes, compositions and itaconic acid concentrations in the reaction media were investigated. The obtained results showed that the addition of itaconic acid and methyl acrylate as comonomers resulted a lower heat flow during the process comparing to the PAN homopolymer. It suggested that these comonomers aid the oxidative stabilization stage for all studied process. The redox system polymerization at 40°C resulted in a lower heat flow. Itaconic acid decreases slightly initial and peak temperatures of the terpolymer and heat flow until concentration of 3y. The cyclization temperature decreases when MAis incorporated into the terpolymer compared to the MMA terpolymer and increases when MAA is the acidic monomer. Among terpolymers the AN/MA/AA polymer showed the best thermal behavior for carbon fiber producing.     

Investigation into the gelation and crystallization of polyacrylonitrile

Polyacrylonitrile (PAN) is soluble in dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) and the resulting solution can gel by various mechanisms. The effects of temperature and water on the thermoreversible gelation of PAN have attracted much attention because of their importance in the fiber formation and film casting. Rheological tests were employed in this study to examine the gelation behavior and determine the gel point temperature of PAN-DMSO solution. Calorimetric studies of PAN-DMSO gels were conducted through Differential Scanning Calorimetry and no crystallization was discovered in these gels prepared at low temperature. X-ray diffraction of different PAN gels indicated that in the absence of water, gels resulted from PAN-DMSO solution by decreasing temperature were not crystallizable. In contrast, water-induced gelation led to crystallization of PAN gel. The water content in the formed gel is responsible for its crystallinity and average crystallite size.     

Evolution of the composition and structure of PAN carbon fiber during preoxidation

Using scanning electronic microscope, X-ray diffraction analysis, PYR-GCMS and IR etc., we studied the evolving process of the composition and structure of PAN carbon fiber during preoxidation. In the initial stage of preoxidation, PAN filament tows disappear and become semi-thaw. At first, reactions happen between the copolymers and esters disappear. The molecules annularly crosslink and the index of cyclation slowly increases. It is easy to fix the structure and form defects during the initial and the medium stages, which are most reactive. More traction is advised in these stages to minimize the structural deficiencies. In the medium stage of preoxidation, the fiber was reshaped into new sheet stacks and gradually changed to sheet sectors, and this structure tends to be stable in the final stage. Induced by acid and ester copolymer, PAN fiber forms a very stable cycle structure in the final stage. Besides, monomer, dimmer and trimer obviously decrease. In the final stage of the preoxidation, there exi     

CuS表面改性聚丙烯腈纤维的结构及导电机理的研究

研究了用一步反应法制备的CuS表面改性的聚丙烯腈导电纤维的微观结构、导电性和温度的变化规律及其导电机理,观察了CuS在纤维表面上的结晶态及晶型变化现象,证实了该导电纤维的以电子导电为主的导电机理。     

改性PAN纤维与Fe3+的配位反应及配合物的催化性能

采用盐酸羟胺和水合肼的混合物分别对PAN纤维进行改性制备了偕胺肟改性PAN纤维(AO-PAN)和混合改性PAN纤维(M-PAN), 并分别与Fe³⁺进行配位反应生成两种改性PAN纤维铁配合物(Fe-AO-PAN和Fe-M-PAN). 研究了配位反应的动力学特性及温度和Fe³⁺初始浓度的影响, 并采用DRS和ESR技术比较了两种不同改性PAN纤维铁配合物对偶氮染料活性红195氧化降解反应的催化性能. 结果表明, 在所设定的温度和浓度范围内, 两种改性PAN纤维与Fe³⁺之间的配位反应平衡符合Langmuir 和Freundlich 吸附等温模型以及Lagergren准二级动力学方程, 并且AO-PAN比M-PAN更容易与Fe³⁺发生配位反应. 在相同条件下AO-PAN与Fe³⁺反应的配合量和反应速率常数均比M-PAN与Fe³⁺反应的高. 两种配合物对染料的氧化降解反应具有催化作用, 暗态条件下Fe-M-PAN比Fe-AO-PAN表现出更高的催化活性, 而光辐射条件下Fe-AO-PAN的催化活性显著增强.     

Preparation of Photocatalyst-supported Polyacrylonitrile Micro/Nano Composite Fiber Material and Its Photocatalytic Activity

Acomposite photocatalyst, with branch-like BiOI/Bi₂WO₆ he-terojunction deposited on the polyacrylonitrile micro/nano composite fiber(PAN MNCF), was prepared via two step hydrothermal method. The products are characterized by X-ray diffraction(XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS), photoluminescence(PL) spectra, UV-Vis diffuse reflection spectroscopy(UV-Vis DRS) and time-resolved fluorescence spectra. The PAN/BiOI/Bi₂WO₆ micro/nano composite fiber(PAN/BiOI/Bi₂WO₆ MNCF) showed better visible-light photocatalytic performance than PAN MNCF or BiOI/Bi₂WO₆ powder, probably ascribed to the collective effect between PAN MNCF and BiOI/Bi₂WO₆ heterojunction. Significantly, the PAN/BiOI/Bi₂WO₆ MNCF could be easily recycled through filtration method, thus avoiding the secondary pollution.