Cu含量对Ni-Cu-P化学镀层组织结构和性能影响

利用化学镀法制备出Ni-Cu-P合金镀层,研究了镀液中CuSO4·5H2O含量对合金镀层沉积速率和成分的影响. 通过XRD和SEM表征了不同CuSO4·5H2O质量浓度下Ni-Cu-P合金镀层的组织结构和表面形貌,运用极化曲线评价了合金镀层在质量分数为3.5%NaCl溶液中的耐蚀性能. 结果表明,随着镀液中CuSO4·5H2O质量浓度的增加,镀层沉积速率和P含量不断下降,Ni-P镀层中P的质量分数为14.98%. 当镀液中CuSO4·5H2O质量浓度为1.0 g/L时,P的质量分数为4.21%;镀层中Cu的含量随着镀液中CuSO4·5H2O含量的增加而增加. 当添加量为1.0 g/L时,镀层中Cu的质量分数达19.04%;镀层的结晶度随着Cu含量的上升不断增大,Cu的加入使镀层的表面形貌更加光滑;镀层的耐蚀性能随着镀液中CuSO4·5H2O含量的增加先上升后下降,当镀液中CuSO4·5H2O质量浓度为0.4 g/L时,Ni-Cu-P镀层表现出最优的耐蚀性能.     

不同金属负载对Cr/Al2O3-TiO2催化剂结构及氧化NO性能的影响

采用溶胶-凝胶法和浸渍法制备Cr/Al_2O_3-TiO_2催化剂,在考察不同Cr负载量的基础上,研究不同金属负载与焙烧温度对Cr/Al_2O_3-TiO_2催化剂结构与性能影响。程序升温氧化(TPO)结果表明,当Cr负载量为10%(w/w)时具有较好的催化活性;不同金属负载Cr/Al_2O_3-TiO_2时,负载Co及在焙烧温度为550℃时催化剂具有较好的活性。通过程序升温还原(H_2-TPR)表征发现,Co的负载使催化剂的低温氧化还原能力逐渐提高,表明Co-Cr具有较好的协同催化作用。X射线光电子能谱(XPS)表征表明,Co增加了Cr~(6+)和表面吸附氧(O_β)含量,随着焙烧温度的升高(450～550℃),晶格氧不断向催化剂表面流动,表面化学吸附氧O_β比例逐渐增加,导致催化活性不断升高,说明Cr~(6+)和O_β是催化氧化NO的重要活性物种。     

纳米Al_2O_3改性双酚A型环氧丙烯酸酯的制备与性能研究

选用硅烷偶联剂KH570对纳米Al_2O_3进行表面改性处理,并用改性后的Al_2O_3对双酚A环氧丙烯酸酯进行复合改性,研究了纳米Al_2O_3含量(1%(wt)~5%(wt))对树脂性能的影响。结果表明:改性纳米Al_2O_3质量分数为5%时的复合材料的体积收缩率最小,为6.48%;粒子质量分数为2%时,树脂的凝胶率最大,为88.3%;热失重测试结果表明,改性纳米Al_2O_3提高了树脂的热稳定性;拉伸性能显示,随着改性纳米Al_2O_3质量分数的增加,复合材料的拉伸强度先升高后下降,当改性纳米Al_2O_3质量分数为3%时,复合树脂拉伸强度最大,为34.74MPa,与未改性树脂相比,拉伸强度提高了108.27%。本文所制备的改性光敏树脂可适用于3D打印环境。     

铈添加对Ti26．5Cr20（V45Fe8．5）0．98Si2合金结构及储氢性能的影响

通过XRD,SEM,恒温等容储氢性能测试等方法,研究了Ce添加对Ti265Cr20（V45Fe8．5）098Si2Cex（x=0～2．0％（原子分数））合金结构及储氢性能的影响。结果表明,Ti26．5Cr20（V45Fe85）0.98Si2Cex（x=0～2．0％）合金为BCC和C14 Laves相双相合金,随合金中Ce添加量的增加,合金的晶格常数增大,而合金中C14 Laves相的含量减少,平衡压从0．233MPa降低到0．167MPa,合金的吸氢动力学性能得到改善,最大吸氢量也由3．08％增加至3．19％（质量分数）,PCT曲线的平台斜率减小。合金的储氢性能的改善与Ce的加入抑制了部分C14Laves相的析出,减少了合金中C14Laves相的含量密切相关。     

Pt-Sn/Al2O3催化剂中Sn的存在状态对丙烷脱氢反应的影响

考察了不同Sn/Pt比的Pt-Sn/Al_2O_3催化剂(络合型)的丙烷脱氢反应性能。并应用原位Mossbauer谱,TPR,O_2吸附等手段对催化剂进行了表征。结果初步表明Pt-Sn/Al_2O_3经过还原后,Sn的还原状态对该催化剂的丙烷脱氢活性及稳定性有极大的影响。在550℃以下还原,Sn以氧化态形式存在,有利于丙烷脱氢反应的活性及选择性,在600℃以上高温还原时,零价锡出现使催化剂活性组分铂的表面中毒而降低活性。当Pt含量一定时,Sn载量愈高,在高温下还原时生成的Sn~0愈多;低Sn载量的Pt-Sn/Al_2O_3无论高温还原还是低温还原都不易生成Sn~0。     

铈和镨改性Ni/Al_2O_3催化剂对甲醇水蒸气重整制氢的影响

考察了Ni/Al_2O_3,Ce和Pr改性Ni/Al_2O_3催化剂在甲醇水蒸气重整制氢过程中的性能。研究结果表明:稀土的添加可增加H2的选择性并降低CO的选择性。Pr改性Ni/Al_2O_3催化剂表现出最好的催化性能,Ni的最佳负载量为10%(质量分数)。在相同的反应条件下(反应温度为350℃和水醇摩尔比=3∶1),Ni/Al_2O_3与Pr改性的Ni/Al_2O_3催化剂的甲醇转化率相当,但Pr改性的Ni/Al_2O_3催化剂H_2的选择性从64.5%提高到了75.6%,相应的CO选择性则从31.4%降低到了4.5%。H2选择性随着水醇摩尔比的增加而升高,当水醇摩尔比为6∶1时,几乎没有CO产生。XRD和TPR表征结果表明:Pr的添加不仅促进了Ni在载体上的分散而且促进了Ni的还原,从而有利于催化性能的改善。     

稀土变质热锻模具铸钢高温磨损性能的研究

研究了稀土（RE）变质热锻模具铸钢的高温磨损性能，并与热锻模具钢H13钢和3Cr2W8V钢进行对比，探讨了稀土元素的作用和热锻模具铸钢的高温磨损机理。结果表明：随着RE加入量的增加，热锻模具铸钢的磨损率先减后增，RE加入量在质量分数为0．05％时热锻模具铸钢具有最佳的高温磨损性能。RE变质热锻模其铸钢的高温耐磨性明最高于H13钢和3Cr2W8V钢。高温磨损机理为氧化磨损和氧化物的疲劳剥落，磨屑为块状的Fe2O3和Fe3O4。     

丙烷在负载型催化剂上脱氢反应的研究 Ⅲ.丙烷在氧化铝负载的铂-金属氧化物催化剂上的脱氢

第Ⅰ,Ⅱ报结果指出,氧化态锡对Pt/Al_2O_3具有助催化作用。本文通过对氧化脱氢过程类比分析,提出具有可变价态元素氧化物可替代Pt-Sn/Al_2O_3催化剂中氧化态锡组分,而与金属铂组分构成一系列具有良好催化性能的负载型双组分催化剂。对Al_2O_3负载的Pt-Ti,Pt-V,Pt-Cr,Pt-Mn及Pt-Fe催化剂评价结果表明,催化剂性能均随氧化态组分(Ti,V,Cr,Mn,Fe等)载量增加而逐步改善。     

Ti对铸造镍基高温合金中碳化物和拓扑密排相影响

采用光学显微镜、扫描电子显微镜和透射电子显微镜等测试技术,研究了经过标准热处理和时效处理后的不同Ti含量合金的微观组织。 研究发现,标准热处理后不同Ti含量合金的相组成相同,主要由γ、γ′、MC和M23C6型碳化物组成;随着Ti含量增加,合金组织中的碳化物数量逐渐增加。 不含Ti的合金中的MC碳化物的组成主要是TaC,而含Ti合金中MC型碳化物组成为(Ta,Ti)C,并且随着Ti含量增加,MC碳化物中M组成元素Ta和Ti的比值（Ta/Ti）逐渐减小。 通过研究900 ℃不同时间时效处理后合金微观组织发现,随着Ti含量增加,合金中拓扑密排相(TCP)析出趋势逐渐增加。 含质量分数2.7%Ti的合金经900 ℃/500 h时效处理后,组织中析出了针状富含Cr、W和Mo的σ相。 这表明要保证合金具有良好的组织稳定性,需要控制合金中Ti的加入量。     

Fe-Ag/Al_2O_3催化丙烯还原NO的实验研究

以蜂窝状陶瓷为载体,采用溶胶凝胶法和浸渍法制备了不同Fe/Ag负载量的Fe-Ag/Al_2O_3催化剂。以C_3H_6为还原剂,在模拟烟气条件下和200-700℃范围内,程序控温的陶瓷管流动反应器上进行了催化还原NO的性能评估。结果表明,7.2Fe/1.9Ag/20Al_2O_3/CM在500和550℃时催化C_3H_6还原NO的脱硝效率分别超过90%和达到100%。铁离子能有效地提高Ag/20Al_2O_3/CM催化剂抵抗烟气中的SO_2和H_2O的能力。结果表明,当烟气中含有体积分数为0.02%的SO2和8%的H_2O时,在500℃时7.2Fe/1.9Ag/20Al_2O_3/CM催化C_3H_6还原NO的脱硝效率不受影响,在6 h的连续实验中保持90%的脱硝效率而没有下降。而未经铁离子修饰的2Ag/20Al_2O_3/CM的催化活性则受烟气中的SO2和H_2O影响很大,0.02%的SO2和8%的H_2O分别使2Ag/20Al_2O_3/CM在500℃时催化C_3H_6还原NO的脱硝效率迅速从70%分别下降至46%和25%。XRD和SEM表征结果表明,经铁离子修饰后的7.2Fe/1.9Ag/20Al_2O_3/CM催化剂中,形成了AgFeO_2以及Fe~(3+),催化剂表面变得疏松多孔,形成以Fe_3O_4为主的针状和片状晶体。H_2-TPR结果表明,7.2Fe/1.9Ag/20Al_2O_3/CM比Ag/20Al_2O_3/CM在更宽的温度范围内具有更好的还原特性。吡啶吸附红外光谱(Py-FTIR)实验结果显示,Fe增加了催化剂表面的Lewis酸性位。     

二氧化碳和丙烯直接合成甲基丙烯酸的NiPMo/TiO2催化剂的研究

用溶胶-凝胶法以磷钼酸(MPA)的镍盐溶液水解钛酸四丁酯制备了NiPMo/TiO2催化剂.使用ICP、 XRD、 TG-DTA、 IR、 TPD-MS和微反应技术研究了催化剂的化学组成、热稳定性、化学吸附性质和催化反应性能.杂多钼酸盐与TiO2通过O2-在TiO2表面发生了键合.在623 K下,杂多阴离子仍保持原有的Keggin结构.CO2在Lewis酸位Ni(Ⅱ)和Lewis碱位Ni-O-Mo的桥氧协同作用下生成CO2卧式吸附态Ni(Ⅱ)←O-(CO)←(O--Ni).丙烯有多种吸附态在催化剂上吸附.在563 K、 1 MPa和空速1500 h-1的反应条件下,丙烯的摩尔转化率为3.2%,产物MAA选择性为95%.     

Toward new camptothecins. Part 6: Synthesis of crucial ketones and their use in Friedländer reaction

In the context of the preparation of camptothecin and luotonin A analogs, the synthesis of some key keto-precursors and their use in Friedländer condensation are described. This paper also focuses on the stability of these keto intermediates and emphasizes the major differences between indolizinones and pyrroloquinazolinones series. Noteworthy is also the report of some original structures isolated as by-products of some experiments.     

Synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives

Different approaches for the synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives from simple amino acids have been investigated. A library of 33 precursors for the preparation of N-hydroxy pyrazinones was obtained in moderate to good yields.     

CoFe2O4自形成磁性液体场致结构化对磁化的影响

The Langevin paramagnetic theory can’t describe the relation between magnetization of ferrofluids and applied magnetic field. The structuralization of ferrofluids, which is considered the main influence factor of the magnetization, is regarded. The part of magnetization works is deposited when the structure is forming. This action influences the magnetization of ferrofluids directly or indirectly. On the base of the “compressing” model, the Langevin function that usually describes the magnetization of ferrofluid is modified, and a well-fitted curve is obtained. An equation of the relation between the equivalent volume fraction after being “compressed” and the intensity of magnetic field is discovered, which approximately describes the process of magnetization. The relation between the approximate initial susceptibility and the volume fraction can be obtained from modified formula.     

Highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of 2,4-dichloropyridine enabling a novel approach to 2,4-bisanilinopyridine (BAPyd) libraries

The highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of the cheap and readily accessible reagent, 2,4-dichloropyridine with a range of anilines and heterocyclic amines is described. This new methodology is robust and provides a facile access to 4-chloro-N-phenylpyridin-2-amines on 0.25 mol scale. These intermediates undergo a further Buchwald–Hartwig amination at higher temperature to enable rapid exploration of the chemical space at C-4 and to provide a library of 2,4-bisaminopyridines.     

KMnO4-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines: Synthesis of amides and sulfonamides

KMnO₄-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines producing secondary amine was introduced, which was trapped by electrophiles (acyl chloride and sulfonyl chloride) to form amides and sulfonamides. The reaction could take place at mild condition, tolerating a wide range of function groups and affording products in moderate to excellent yields.     

Chemistry of heterocyclic compounds at the A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, over 50 years (Review)

The review contains a concise historical account and information on the most significant researches undertaken by the staff at the A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences on the Chemistry of Heterocyclic Compounds. Dedicated to Academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences B. A. Trofimov on his 70th jubilee. Translated from Khimiya Geterotsiklicheskikh Soedinenii, No. 10, pp. 1443–1502, October, 2008.     

Sulfur-directed metal-free and regiospecific methyl C(sp3)–H imidation of thioanisoles

Regiospecific and direct imidation of the methyl C(sp³)–H bond of thioanisoles is realized under mild and metal-free conditions with N-fluorobis(benzenesulfonyl)imide as an oxidant and nitrogen source. Proposed mechanism suggests that thionium ion intermediates and a Pummerer-type reaction are involved. The imidation has advantages such as high step-economy, excellent functionality tolerance, and regiospecificity, giving structurally diverse imidation products.     

A general and convenient synthesis of 4-(tosylmethyl)semicarbazones and their use in amidoalkylation of hydrogen,heteroatom, and carbon nucleophiles

A general synthesis of previously unknown semicarbazone-based α-amidoalkylating reagents, 4-(tosylmethyl)semicarbazones, has been developed. The synthesis involved three-component condensation of semicarbazones of aliphatic or aromatic aldehydes with the same or other aldehydes and p-toluenesulfinic acid. The scope and limitations of this reaction were investigated. The compounds obtained were demonstrated to be an efficient α-(4-semicarbazono)alkylating agents. They were reacted with H- (sodium borohydride), O- (sodium methylate), S- (sodium phenylthiolate), N- (pyrrolidine, sodium succinimide), P- (trialkyl phosphites), and C-nucleophiles (sodium diethyl malonate) to give the corresponding products of the tosyl group substitution, 4-substituted semicarbazones, including analogues of nitrofurazone. Among the prepared compounds tested in vitro for antibacterial and antifungal activity, three nitrofuryl-containing semicarbazones exhibited high biological activities with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values of 8–32 μg/mL.     

Synthesis of novel chiral bidentate hydroxyalkyl-N-heterocyclic carbene ligands and their application in palladium-catalyzed Mizoroki–Heck couplings and asymmetric addition of diethylzinc to benzaldehyde

A small library of new chiral bidentate hydroxyalkyl-imidazolium salts 1 is conveniently synthesized on multi-gram scale from inexpensive and commercially available chiral pool amino acids. The corresponding carbenes, generated by deprotonation of imidazolium salts 1, in combination with palladium(II) chloride were tested in the Mizoroki–Heck coupling reaction. The most significant results in terms of yields and reactivities were achieved with low catalyst loading. The catalytic activities of these imidazolium salts were also investigated in the asymmetric addition of diethylzinc to benzaldehyde. The use of MgO nanoparticles as an additive in conjunction with these ligands played a crucial role in increasing the efficiency of these reactions.