W/O型微乳液膜的制备及提取稀土的研究

文研究了以壬基酚聚氧乙烯醚(OP7)为表面活性剂,正庚烷为油性溶剂的WO型微乳液的形成及提取稀土的行为,确定了制备及提取的适宜条件,在此条件下,稀土离子的提取率可以达到99.3%。     

乳状液膜对磷矿酸解液中稀土离子的提取研究

用盐酸对富含镧、铈等稀土离子的织金磷矿石进行酸解,以仲辛基苯氧基取代乙酸、环烷酸以及传统的酸性磷类萃取剂2-乙基己基膦酸单2-乙基己基酯和二-(2-乙基己基)磷酸酯为载体、山梨糖醇酐油酸酯和双烯基丁二酰亚胺作混合表面活性剂、磺化煤油作溶剂、盐酸作内相解析剂制成的乳状液膜来对磷矿酸解浸出液中镧、铈等稀土离子进行提取,考察了流动载体浓度、表面活性剂种类及浓度、内相酸浓度、水乳比、油内比对提取率的影响。结果表明:载体浓度为12%,混合表面活性剂浓度为8%,内相解析剂浓度为6 mol.L-1,乳水比为1∶10,油内比为1∶1时,稀土提取率可达76.46%。     

Tween80/BmimPF6/醇/甲苯体系的相行为

以环境友好型的Tween80为表面活性剂, 以醇(乙醇、正丁醇、正己醇、正辛醇、正癸醇和异戊醇)为助表面活性剂, 对离子液体1-丁基-3-甲基咪唑六氟磷酸盐(bmimPF6)和甲苯进行了微乳化实验, 绘制了不同条件下Tween80离子液体的微乳体系的拟三元相图, 考察了醇的种类、含量对单相微乳区的影响, 并用电导法研究了在乙醇为助表面活性剂情况下, 单相微乳区的结构转变. 结果表明, 当醇(异戊醇)固定时, 随着表面活性剂/醇的质量比增加, 单相微乳区的面积逐渐增大; 不同链长的直链醇对单相微乳区的面积影响与该醇在离子液体中的溶解情况有关, 单相微乳区的面积随着直链醇链长的增加而越小; 当乙醇作助表面活性剂时, 所得到的单相微乳区的面积最大, 且单相微乳区存在着O/IL(oil-in-ionic liquid)、双连续相和IL/O(ionic liquid-in-oil)三种微结构. 尤其对离子液体微乳体系的电导随油的含量的增加而最初增大的现象进行了解释, 这一现象是由于油主要起到减少离子液体中离子对或离子的积聚, 提高带电离子淌度的作用.     

制备宽温区O/W微乳的新方法

报导了一个利用离子和了子表面活性剂和非离子表面活性剂复配制备对温度不敏感的水包油微乳的新方法。该方法通过把一个带有羰基的离子表面活性剂镶嵌在乳介面的单分子层中,在低ＰＨ值时,形成水包油微乳,然后用氢氧化钠和使其表面离子化而形成个较厚的双电层从而得到的边宽温区（０－９０℃）水包油微乳。研究了油相浓度、ＰＨ以及策乳液滴的大小对体系的浊点的影响。提出了一个解释宽温区水包油微乳的可能机理。     

Tween80/BmimPF6/醇/甲苯体系的相行为

以环境友好型的Tween80为表而活性剂,以醇(乙醇、正丁醇、正己醇、正辛醇、正癸醇和异戊醇)为助表面活性剂,对离子液体1-丁基-3-甲基咪唑六氟磷酸盐(bmimPF6)和甲苯进行了微乳化实验,绘制了不同条件下Tween80离子液体的微乳体系的拟二元相图,考察了醇的种类、含量对单相微乳区的影响,并用电导法研究了在乙醇为助表面活性剂情况下,单相微乳区的结构转变.结果表明,当醇(异戊醇)固定时,随着表面活性剂/醇的质量比增加,单相微乳区的面积逐渐增大:不同链长的直链醇对单相微乳区的而积影响与该醇在离子液体中的溶解情况有关,单相微乳区的面积随着直链醇链长的增加而越小;当乙醇作助表面活性剂时,所得到的单相微乳区的而积最大,且单相微乳区存在着O/IL(oil-in-ionic liquid)、双连续相和IL/O(ionic liquid-in-oil)三种微结构.尤其对离子液体微乳体系的电导随油的含量的增加而最初增大的现象进行了解释,这一现象是由于油主要起到减少离子液体中离子对或离子的积聚,提高带电离子淌度的作用.     

单一及复合表面活性剂对联苯菊酯微乳液的影响

通过对单一及复合型表面活性剂水溶液临界胶束浓度(CMC)和表面张力(γcmc)的测定分析,研究了表面活性剂对以水为介质、环己酮为溶剂形成的联苯菊酯质量分数为2.5%微乳液相行为及稳定性的影响.结果表明,在几种单一非离子表面活性剂中,苯乙烯基苯酚聚氧乙烯聚氧丙烯醚嵌段型非离子表面活性剂EPE的γcmc最低,为28.18 mN/m;按m(EPE):m(SDBS)=2∶1形成的复合型表面活性剂水溶液的γcmc更低,为27.60 mN/m,有利于O/W型微乳液的形成,当其质量分数为10%时,配制联苯菊酯质量分数为2.5%微乳液的有效成分热贮分解率为2.35%.     

适用于痕量金属离子迁移的微乳状液的制备及其迁移条件

研究了以气溶胶ＯＴ为表面活性剂与不同烃类的油性溶剂及不同醇类的助表面活性剂一起制备的油包水型微乳为Ｃｄ６２＋从水相或料相迁移到微乳中的影响，同时还观察了油水比和温度对金属离子迁移的影响，从而确定了适于痕量金属离子迁移的微乳体系和和Ｃｄ＾２＋为规范离子的迁移条件。     

微乳电动毛细管色谱法分离检测酱油中的氯丙醇

建立了微乳电动毛细管色谱分离3种氯丙醇的方法。以十二烷基硫酸钠(SDS)作为表面活性剂,系统考察了pH值、缓冲溶液类型和浓度、SDS浓度、助表面活性剂浓度、油相浓度、温度和运行电压对3-氯-1,2-丙二醇(3-MCPD),1,3-二氯-2-丙醇(1,3-DCP),2,3-二氯-1-丙醇(2,3-DCP)分离的影响。结果表明,最佳微乳缓冲液为1%(V/V)正庚烷,100 mmol/L SDS,10%(V/V)正丁醇和8 mmol/L磷酸二氢钠-硼砂溶液(pH 8.50),检测波长为192 nm,温度20℃,分离电压为15 kV。3种氯丙醇的线性范围为2.0×10-6～3.2×10-5 mol/L,相关系数大于0.996,检出限(S/N=3)为0.95～1.9μmol/L。酱油样品经乙醚液液萃取,萃取平均回收率为93.2%～103.0%,相对标准偏差小于6.5%。本方法应用于实际样品和加标后样品中三氯丙醇的检测,结果满意。     

提取稀土液膜体系的研究

本文对提取稀土液膜体系的表面活性剂、流动载体、膜溶剂和解吸剂进行了筛选试验,找出了适宜的配比,优选了从水溶液提取稀土的液膜体系N205-P204-煤油-HCl,     

柴油中相微乳液的制备和相图分析

制备了柴油/复合表面活性剂/正戊醇/MnCl2盐水五元微乳液;研究了MnCl2浓度、表面活性剂浓度及正戊醇浓度对五元微乳液体系中相微乳液的形成和鱼尾相图的影响.结果表明,用MnCl2扫描时形成的中相微乳液范围较窄;在鱼尾相图中,当复合表面活性剂D0821(双(C8-10烷基)二甲基氯化铵)和AEO-3(脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚)的质量比为4∶6时,形成单相微乳液的表面活性剂效率最高,最佳表面活性剂的质量分数为8.3%.     

AOT-正庚烷微乳状液的制备及迁移痕量金属离子的研究

研究了以二－(2－乙基已基)磺化琥珀酸钠为表面活性剂、以正庚烷为油性溶剂的W/O型微乳状液的形成及迁移痕量金属离子的行为,确定了制乳和迁移的适宜条件.在此条件下,一些金属离子可较完全地从水相或料相迁移到微乳相中,显示出较高的迁移率.     

稀土离子对大肠杆菌亮氨酰-tRNA合成酶动力学性质的影响

采用含ｐＴｒｅ－９９Ｂ／ｌｅｕＳ２转化子的高表达菌株,简便快速地提取、纯化大肠杆菌亮氨酰－ｔＲＮＡ｜＾ｅｕ与未脱镁ｔＲＮＡ｜＾ｅｕ对ＡＴＰ和亮 酸的表观Ｋｍ值明显不同。高浓度ＡＴＰ对脱镁tＰＮＡ显示抑制作用,说明金属离子是氨酰化反应的底物之一。     

Study of the Suppression of Porphyrin Emission upon Addition of Rare Earth Ions

A topic of constant investigation in recent decades has been the study of electron and/or energy transfer reactions in supramolecular systems. The energy transfer between donor-acceptor depends on the influence of the substituent in the intersystem crossing. The competition between the radiative and non-radiative processes also depends on other factors such as temperature, solvent and energy gap. In this work, we have studied the suppression of the emission of monocarboxyphenyl porphyrins after addition of rare earth ions (RE(III)). The porphyrin emission decreases with the addition of RE(III), no matter which ion is present. When Eu(III) was used, the emission of this ion was not observed either. This suppression happens due to the effect of the heavy atom and not due to the energy transfer through electronic levels between the porphyrin and the RE(III). After the addition of RE(III), the lifetime for MCTPPH₂ started to decay biexponentially, indicating the formation of a new species (MCTPPH₂-RE(III)) of a shorter lifetime. The presence of NO₂ groups in the ortho mesoaryl positions of MCTNPPH₂ and the presence of Zn(II) in Zn(MCTPP) decreased both the porphyrin lifetime and emission due to an increase in the spin-orbit coupling.     

稀土硝酸盐与1,2-环己基-12-冠-4配合物的合成与性质研究

近年来,虽然对冠醚12-冠-4与稀土硝酸盐配合物的研究已有一些工作,但对单环1,2-环已基-12-冠-4与稀土硝酸盐的配合物的研究,仍未见报道。本文报道稀土硝酸盐与单环己基-12-冠-4配合物的合成和性质研究。 1 实验部分 1.1 试剂与仪器 RE(NO_3)_3-xH_2O(x=3～5)的制备是将纯度99.9％的RE_2O_3溶于浓硝酸(A.R.)中,微热浓缩成糊状,冷至室温。置于盛有P_2O_5的保干器中备用。单环1,2-环已基-12-冠-4系上海试剂一厂产品。其余试剂均为分析纯,并在使用前经过进一步纯化及干燥处理。所     

Preparation of Tube‐Like ZrO2/NaCl by Microemulsion Method

On the basis of w/o microemulsion and surfactant template‐assembly technology, tube‐like ZrO₂/NaCl was prepared using sodium bicarbonate as precipitant. The w/o microemulsion consisted of a nonionic surfactant OP emulsifier, cosurfactant pentanol and oil hexamethylene alkyl. The morphology, structure, and optical properties of the tube‐like ZrO₂/NaCl have been studied by SEM, XRD, FTIR, UV‐vis, and PL techniques.     

Scintillation of Sol-Gel Derived Lutetium Orthophosphate Doped with Rare Earth Ions

In this paper, the synthesis, the characterization and the scintillation properties of LuPO₄ doped, with several concentrations of Ce³⁺, Eu³⁺ and Tb³⁺ ions, are presented. These materials have been synthesized by sol-gel process. The purity of powders has been verified by X-Ray diffraction and the results confirm the xenotime structure of all the materials. A thermogravimetric analysis allows the obtention of informations on the crystallisation of LuPO₄ and the study of its evolution from the amorphous to crystalline form. The morphology of the powders has been studied by Scanning Electron Microscopy and shows that the powders are constituted of small particles with narrow size distribution. Optical properties have been studied in order to determine the scintillation performances of these materials. The optima are obtained for Ce³⁺, Eu³⁺ and Tb³⁺ concentration of respectively 0.1, 10 and 5% with high scintillation yields. This study thus confirms the potentialities of these materials as scintillators.     

The influence of surfactant mixing ratio on nano-emulsion formation by the pit method

The formation of O/W nano-emulsions by the PIT emulsification method in water/mixed nonionic surfactant/oil systems has been studied. The hydrophilic-lipophilic properties of the surfactant were varied by mixing polyoxyethylene 4-lauryl ether (C12E4) and polyoxyethylene 6-lauryl ether (C12E6). Emulsification was performed in samples with constant oil concentration (20 wt%) by fast cooling from the corresponding HLB temperature to 25 degrees C. Nano-emulsions with droplet radius 60-70 nm and 25-30 nm were obtained at total surfactant concentrations of 4 and 8 wt%, respectively. Moreover, droplet size remained practically unchanged, independent of the surfactant mixing ratio, X(C12E6). At 4 wt% surfactant concentration, the polydispersity and instability of nano-emulsions increased with the increase in X(C12E6). However, at 8 wt% surfactant concentration, nano-emulsions with low polydispersity and high stability were obtained in a wide range of surfactant mixing ratios. Phase behavior studies showed that at 4 wt% surfactant concentration, three-liquid phases (W+D+O) coexist at the starting emulsification temperature. Furthermore, the excess oil phase with respect to the microemulsion D-phase increases with the increase in X(C12E6), which could explain the increase in instability. At 8 wt% surfactant concentration, a microemulsion D-phase is present when emulsification starts. The low droplet size and polydispersity and higher stability of these nano-emulsions have been attributed, in addition to the increase in the surface or interfacial activity, to the spontaneous emulsification produced in the microemulsion D-phase.     

稀土硫代磷酸盐REPS4的磁性

在２－３００Ｋ温度范围内测定了ＲＥＰＳ４系列化合物的磁化率,进而研究了各个化合物的磁化率和倒易磁化率随温度的变化,最后用５０－３００Ｋ温度范围的磁化率数据拟合得到各个顺磁稀土离子ＲＥ＾３＋的居里－外斯常数和有效顺磁磁矩μｅｆｆ。