Solutions of a class of multiplicatively advanced differential equations

The multiplicatively advanced differential equations (MADEs) of form $f^{(n)}(t)=\alpha f(\beta t)$ with $\alpha \ne 0$, $\beta >1$ are studied along with a class of their solutions of type $f_{\mu ,\lambda }(t)$ defined on $[0,\infty )$. For $\lambda \in {\mathbb{Q}}^{+},\mu \in \mathbb{R}$, the solutions $f_{\mu ,\lambda }(t)$ are extended to $(?\infty ,\infty )$ in a non-unique manner to obtain Schwartz wavelet solutions $F_{\mu ,\lambda }(t)$ of the original MADE, with all moments of $F_{\mu ,\lambda }(t)$ vanishing. Examples are studied in detail. The Fourier transform of each $F_{\mu ,\lambda }(t)$ is computed and, in a number of examples, is related to the Jacobi theta function. Additional conditions sufficient for the uniqueness of certain MADE initial value problems are given. Conditions for decay and non-decay at ?∞ are obtained. Decay rates at ±∞ in terms of familiar functions are established.     

On the class group and S-class group of formal power series rings

Let ${\text{Cl}}_t(A)$ denote the t-class group of an integral domain A. P. Samuel has established that if A is a Krull domain then the mapping ${\text{Cl}}_t(A)\to {\text{Cl}}_t(A?X?)$, is injective and if A is a regular UFD, then ${\text{Cl}}_t(A)\to {\text{Cl}}_t(A?X?)$, is bijective. Later, L. Claborn extended this result in case A is a regular Noetherian domain. In the first part of this paper we prove that the mapping ${\text{Cl}}_t(A)\to {\text{Cl}}_t(A?X?)$; $[I]?[{(I.A?X?)}_t]$ is an injective homomorphism and in case of an integral domain A such that each υ-invertible υ-ideal of A has υ-finite type, we give an equivalent condition for ${\text{Cl}}_t(A)\to {\text{Cl}}_t(A?X?)$, to be bijective, thus generalizing the result of Claborn. In the second part of this paper, we define the S-class group of an integral domain A: let S be a (not necessarily saturated) multiplicative subset of an integral domain A. Following [11], a nonzero fractional ideal I of A is S-principal if there exist an $s\in S$ and $a\in I$ such that $sI?aA?I$. The S-class group of A, S-${\text{Cl}}_t(A)$ is the group of fractional t-invertible t-ideals of A under t-multiplication modulo its subgroup of S-principal t-invertible t-ideals of A. We generalize some known results developed for the classic contexts of Krull and PυMD domain and we investigate the case of isomorphism S-${\text{Cl}}_t(A)?S$-${\text{Cl}}_t(A?X?)$.     

Estimating the division rate and kernel in the fragmentation equation

We consider the fragmentation equation

$\frac{?f}{?t}(t,x)=?B(x)f(t,x)+\underset{y=x}{\overset{y=\infty }{\int }}k(y,x)B(y)f(t,y)dy,$

and address the question of estimating the fragmentation parameters – i.e. the division rate $B(x)$ and the fragmentation kernel $k(y,x)$ – from measurements of the size distribution $f(t,?)$ at various times. This is a natural question for any application where the sizes of the particles are measured experimentally whereas the fragmentation rates are unknown, see for instance Xue and Radford (2013) [26] for amyloid fibril breakage. Under the assumption of a polynomial division rate $B(x)=\alpha x^{\gamma }$ and a self-similar fragmentation kernel $k(y,x)=\frac{1}{y}{k}_0(\frac{x}{y})$, we use the asymptotic behavior proved in Escobedo et al. (2004) [11] to obtain uniqueness of the triplet $(\alpha ,\gamma ,k_0)$ and a representation formula for $k_0$. To invert this formula, one of the delicate points is to prove that the Mellin transform of the asymptotic profile never vanishes, what we do through the use of the Cauchy integral.     

Existence and convexity of local solutions to degenerate Hessian equations

In this work, we prove the existence of convex solutions to the following k-Hessian equation

$S_k[u]=K(y)g(y,u,Du)$

in the neighborhood of a point $(y_0,u_0,p_0)\in {\mathbb{R}}^n\times \mathbb{R}\times {\mathbb{R}}^n$, where $g\in C^{\infty },g(y_0,u_0,p_0)>0$, $K\in C^{\infty }$ is nonnegative near $y_0$, $K(y_0)=0$ and $\text{Rank}(D_y^{2}K)(y_0)\ge n?k+1$.     

Periodic solutions for a kind of Liénard equation with two deviating arguments

In this paper, we use the coincidence degree theory to establish new results on the existence of T-periodic solutions for the Liénard equation with two deviating arguments of the form$x^{″}(t)+f(x(t))x^{\prime }(t)+g_1(t,x(t-{\tau }_1(t)))+g_2(t,x(t-{\tau }_2(t)))=p(t)\text{.}$     

Pairs of quadratic forms over a quadratic field extension

Let F be a field of characteristic distinct from 2, $L=F(\sqrt{d})$ a quadratic field extension. Let further f and g be quadratic forms over L considered as polynomials in n variables, $M_f$, $M_g$ their matrices. We say that the pair $(f,g)$ is a k-pair if there exist $S\in G{L}_n(L)$ such that all the entries of the $k\times k$ upper-left corner of the matrices $S{M}_f{S}^t$ and $S{M}_g{S}^t$ are in F. We give certain criteria to determine whether a given pair $(f,g)$ is a k-pair. We consider the transfer ${\mathrm{cor}}_{L(t)/F(t)}$ determined by the $F(t)$-linear map $s:L(t)\to F(t)$ with $s(1)=0$, $s(\sqrt{d})=1$, and prove that if $\dim {\mathrm{cor}}_{L(t)/F(t)}{(f+tg)}_{an}\le 2(n?k)$, then $(f,g)$ is a $[\frac{k+1}{2}]$-pair. If, additionally, the form $f+tg$ does not have a totally isotropic subspace of dimension $p+1$ over $L(t)$, we show that $(f,g)$ is a $(k?2p)$-pair. In particular, if the form $f+tg$ is anisotropic, and $\dim {\mathrm{cor}}_{L(t)/F(t)}{(f+tg)}_{an}\le 2(n?k)$, then $(f,g)$ is a k-pair.     

Delay differential logistic equation with linear harvesting

In this paper, we consider a logistic delay equation with a linear delay harvesting term of the following form:$\dot{N}(t)=r(t)N(t)\left[a-b_{0}N(t)-\sum _{k=1}^m{b}_{k}N(h_k(t))\right]-\sum _{l=1}^n{c}_l(t)N(g_l(t)),t⩾0\text{,}$$N(t)=\phi (t),t<0,N(0)=N_0$in both cases when $b_0=0$ and $b_0\ne 0$. We present some results on the boundedness and positiveness of the solutions of this equation without the condition that $N_0$ is upper bounded by some constant which is necessary to the corresponding results in [L. Berezansky, E. Braverman, L. Idels, Delay differential logistic equation with harvesting, Math. Comput. Modelling 40 (2004) 1509–1525], and our results extend these known results.     

An explicit counterexample for the Lp-maximal regularity problem

In this short Note we give a self-contained example of a consistent family of holomorphic semigroups $(T_p{(t))}_{t?0}$ such that $(T_p{(t))}_{t?0}$ does not have maximal regularity for $p>2$. This answers negatively the open question whether maximal regularity extrapolates from $L^2$ to the $L^p$-scale.     

Primeness property for graded central polynomials of verbally prime algebras

Let F be an infinite field. The primeness property for central polynomials of $M_n(F)$ was established by A. Regev, i.e., if the product of two polynomials in distinct variables is central then each factor is also central. In this paper we consider the analogous property for $M_n(F)$ and determine, within the elementary gradings with commutative neutral component, the ones that satisfy this property, namely the crossed product gradings. Next we consider $M_n(R)$, where R admits a regular grading, with a grading such that $M_n(F)$ is a homogeneous subalgebra and provide sufficient conditions – satisfied by $M_n(E)$ with the trivial grading – to prove that $M_n(R)$ has the primeness property if $M_n(F)$ does. We also prove that the algebras $M_{a,b}(E)$ satisfy this property for ordinary central polynomials. Hence we conclude that, over a field of characteristic zero, every verbally prime algebra has the primeness property.