完全液相法制备中原料配比对二甲醚合成催化剂结构和性能的影响

利用完全液相法制备了Cu-Zn-Al双功能催化剂,考察了原料配比对催化剂结构和催化CO加氢合成二甲醚反应性能的影响,用XRD,N2吸附,XPS和H2-TPR等方法对催化剂进行了表征.结果表明,在Cu-Zn-Al基二甲醚合成催化剂中,Zn和Al在催化剂表面的竞争富集是主要过程,增加投料中Cu的比例并不能显著增加Cu在催化剂表面的含量,因为在反应环境中,Al也会富集,并且在Cu含量高时富集得更快.当投料组成为n(Cu)∶n(Zn)∶n(Al)=2∶1∶4时,催化剂的体相结构和表面性质最好(Cu晶粒度最小,Cu分散度最高,还原性能最佳,组分间相互作用最强,最可几孔径最大),催化剂的综合性能最好.     

铜催化偶联反应高效合成苯并[4,5]咪唑并[1,2-b]吡唑衍生物

建立了一种快速、高效的CuI催化N-(2-溴芳基)-5-苯基-1H-吡唑-3-胺发生分子内C—N偶联反应合成苯并[4,5]咪唑并[1,2-b]吡唑衍生物的新方法.该方法以廉价的CuI/杂环烯酮缩胺为催化剂,在二甲基亚砜(DMSO)中反应只需10min,具有反应迅速、操作简便、合成效率高等优点.     

稀土掺杂改性对Cu/ZnAl水滑石衍生催化剂甲醇水蒸气重整制氢性能的影响

采用原位合成法在γ-Al_2O_3表面合成了锌铝水滑石,再通过顺次浸渍法制备了一系列掺杂稀土改性的M(M=Y、La、Ce、Sm、Gd)/Cu/Zn Al催化材料,并将其应用于甲醇水蒸气重整制氢反应。探讨了稀土掺杂改性对Cu/Zn Al催化剂催化性能的影响,并采用XRD、SEM-EDS、BET、H2-TPR、XPS和N2O滴定等手段对催化剂进行了表征。结果表明,催化剂的活性与Cu比表面积和催化剂的还原性质密切相关,Cu比表面积越大,还原温度越低,催化活性越高。稀土Ce、Sm、Gd的引入能改善活性组分Cu的分散度、Cu比表面积以及催化剂的还原性质,进而提高催化剂的催化活性。其中,Ce/Cu/Zn Al催化剂表现出最佳的催化活性,在反应温度为250℃时,甲醇转化率达到100%,CO含量为0.39%,相比Cu/Zn Al催化剂,甲醇转化率提高了近40%。     

无配体Cu2O纳米线催化C—N/C—O偶联反应

介绍了由TiO2纳米阵列管上负载Cu2O纳米线,制备新型纳米催化剂Cu2O/TiO2NTs的方法.应用该新型催化剂,研究了其对卤代芳烃的C—N,C—O偶联反应的催化作用,结果表明Cu2O/TiO2NTs不仅能很好地催化溴代芳烃与氮/氧亲核试剂的反应,而且可顺利催化氯代芳烃的反应,得到中等及优良的产率.催化剂循环使用试验证实,催化剂在该体系中能被回收利用5次收率基本稳定.     

CuZnAl水滑石衍生催化剂上甲醇水蒸气重整制氢 Ⅱ. 催化剂组成的影响

 以类层柱CuZnAl水滑石为前体,经600 ℃焙烧制备了一系列不同Cu/Zn/Al质量比的催化剂. 在250 ℃、水/甲醇比为1.3和重时空速为3.28 h-1的条件下,考察了Cu/Zn/Al质量比对催化剂甲醇水蒸气重整反应性能的影响. 结果发现,最佳Cu/Zn/Al质量比为36.7/13.4/(17～28). 调变Cu的比例不会改变催化剂物相构成和CuO的还原峰温, Cu含量较低的催化剂由于活性位数目少而甲醇转化率低,而Cu含量过高的催化剂甲醇转化率较差可能是因为Cu/Zn比失调. 较低或较高的Zn含量会对催化剂物相构成产生影响,这是导致甲醇转化率随Zn含量变化的主要原因. 较高的Al含量有利于CuO的分散和增大催化剂的比表面积,因此催化剂上甲醇的转化率明显提高. 另外,所制催化剂的Cu/Zn/Al质量比对产物气体的组成没有影响.     

超临界甲醇中Ce/Cu/Zn/Al催化木质素制备酚类化合物的研究

采用共沉淀法制备Ce/Cu/Zn/Al催化剂,并将其应用于超临界甲醇中木质素的催化液化.考察单因素条件对木质素转化率和生成酚类的影响,得到最佳反应条件:反应温度320℃,反应时间120 min,催化剂用量150 mg,初始压力2 MPa,木质素的转化率达到67.33%,酚类产率达到30.84%.同时,以苯酚及愈创木酚为模型物,比较有无催化剂对液化产物分布或选择性生成的影响. Ce/Cu/Zn/Al催化剂的加入促进了甲醇的重整及其与模型化合物苯酚、愈创木酚的烷基化反应,从而生成了大量的烷基苯酚.     

COF固载铜盐催化苯硼酸与咪唑的Chan-Lam偶联反应

制备了一种含有联吡啶位点的共价有机骨架(COF)材料TpBpy, 并通过配体上的联吡啶位点固载铜盐实现了功能化, 得到的Cu@TpBpy具有大量的不饱和铜配位位点和高表面积, 可用作苯硼酸与咪唑的Chan-Lam偶联反应的多相催化剂. 通过优化溶剂、 铜源、 碱及反应时间等反应条件, 发现使用质子极性溶剂MeOH时的反应产率最高, 而Cu(OAc)₂@TpBpy是效果最佳的催化剂, 可溶性有机碱三乙胺(TEA)的促进效果最好. Cu(OAc)₂@TpBpy在碱TEA的促进下于70 ℃催化咪唑与苯硼酸反应4 h后, 得到目标产物1-苯基咪唑的最大产率为66%. 在最优反应条件下进行了底物拓展, 结果表明, 取代基的位阻效应对催化体系影响显著, 其中对位取代基的4-氯苯硼酸的产率最高(62%).     

Cu-Ni-Al尖晶石催化甲醇水蒸气重整制氢性能的研究

以氢氧化铜、醋酸镍和拟薄水铝石为原料,通过固相法合成了Cu-Ni-Al尖晶石催化剂。采用N2物理吸附、XRD、H2-TPR和XPS等表征方法,研究Cu/Ni/Al的物质的量比和焙烧温度对催化剂的比表面积、物相、还原性能以及表面性质的影响,并以甲醇水蒸气重整制氢为探针反应,考察催化剂的缓释催化性能。结果表明,随着焙烧温度的升高,Cu-Ni-Al催化剂的尖晶石含量增加,但尖晶石晶粒增大,且比表面积下降。不同的焙烧温度和Cu/Ni/Al物质的量比,所得催化剂的比表面积、还原性能和表面性质不同,从而表现出不同的缓释催化性能。与计量比Cu/Al=1∶2的合成比较,Cu/Al=1∶3形成了非计量比的富Al尖晶石固溶体,生成的晶体粒子小、比表面积和孔容大、难还原的尖晶石部分增多,呈现出更好的缓释催化性能。甲醇制氢反应性能评价结果显示,Cu-Ni-Al尖晶石在反应条件下逐渐释放活性铜而催化反应的进行,其中,CNA3-1000催化剂表现中最高的催化活性和稳定性。     

尿素燃烧法制备CuO-ZnO/HZSM-5及其催化CO_2加氢合成二甲醚的性能

以尿素为燃烧剂,先采用燃烧法制备CuO-ZnO催化剂,接着采用研磨法将其与HZSM-5分子筛均匀混合形成CuO-ZnO/HZSM-5双功能催化剂.采用固定床反应器,在反应温度260℃、压力3.0 MPa、空速1 500 h-1条件下,考察了不同Cu/Zn(摩尔比)催化剂在CO_2加氢合成二甲醚反应中的催化性能.通过XRD、N_2等温吸附脱附、H2-TPR、NH3-TPD对催化剂进行表征,研究了不同Cu/Zn对催化剂结构及表面酸性的影响.结果表明:当Cu∶Z n=6∶4时,催化剂对CO_2催化加氢直接合成二甲醚反应的催化活性和选择性最佳,CO_2的转化率、DME的选择性分别为11.95%和28.74%,且在催化剂上具有更多的低温还原Cu和较强的酸中心,从而提高了CO_2加氢活性和二甲醚的选择性.     

水相中铜催化含氮杂环化合物的N-芳基化反应

在水相中建立了一种简单实用、经济环保的实现含氮杂环化合物N-芳基化反应的催化体系.实验发现以廉价的Cu2O为催化剂,价廉、易获得的8-羟基喹啉为配体,n-Bu4NBr为相转移催化剂,在水相中100℃下含氮杂环化合物与卤代芳烃顺利反应生成C—N偶联产物,得到中等及优良的产率.     

二氧化碳和丙烯直接合成甲基丙烯酸的NiPMo/TiO2催化剂的研究

用溶胶-凝胶法以磷钼酸(MPA)的镍盐溶液水解钛酸四丁酯制备了NiPMo/TiO2催化剂.使用ICP、 XRD、 TG-DTA、 IR、 TPD-MS和微反应技术研究了催化剂的化学组成、热稳定性、化学吸附性质和催化反应性能.杂多钼酸盐与TiO2通过O2-在TiO2表面发生了键合.在623 K下,杂多阴离子仍保持原有的Keggin结构.CO2在Lewis酸位Ni(Ⅱ)和Lewis碱位Ni-O-Mo的桥氧协同作用下生成CO2卧式吸附态Ni(Ⅱ)←O-(CO)←(O--Ni).丙烯有多种吸附态在催化剂上吸附.在563 K、 1 MPa和空速1500 h-1的反应条件下,丙烯的摩尔转化率为3.2%,产物MAA选择性为95%.     

Synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives

Different approaches for the synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives from simple amino acids have been investigated. A library of 33 precursors for the preparation of N-hydroxy pyrazinones was obtained in moderate to good yields.     

Toward new camptothecins. Part 6: Synthesis of crucial ketones and their use in Friedländer reaction

In the context of the preparation of camptothecin and luotonin A analogs, the synthesis of some key keto-precursors and their use in Friedländer condensation are described. This paper also focuses on the stability of these keto intermediates and emphasizes the major differences between indolizinones and pyrroloquinazolinones series. Noteworthy is also the report of some original structures isolated as by-products of some experiments.     

CoFe2O4自形成磁性液体场致结构化对磁化的影响

The Langevin paramagnetic theory can’t describe the relation between magnetization of ferrofluids and applied magnetic field. The structuralization of ferrofluids, which is considered the main influence factor of the magnetization, is regarded. The part of magnetization works is deposited when the structure is forming. This action influences the magnetization of ferrofluids directly or indirectly. On the base of the “compressing” model, the Langevin function that usually describes the magnetization of ferrofluid is modified, and a well-fitted curve is obtained. An equation of the relation between the equivalent volume fraction after being “compressed” and the intensity of magnetic field is discovered, which approximately describes the process of magnetization. The relation between the approximate initial susceptibility and the volume fraction can be obtained from modified formula.     

Highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of 2,4-dichloropyridine enabling a novel approach to 2,4-bisanilinopyridine (BAPyd) libraries

The highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of the cheap and readily accessible reagent, 2,4-dichloropyridine with a range of anilines and heterocyclic amines is described. This new methodology is robust and provides a facile access to 4-chloro-N-phenylpyridin-2-amines on 0.25 mol scale. These intermediates undergo a further Buchwald–Hartwig amination at higher temperature to enable rapid exploration of the chemical space at C-4 and to provide a library of 2,4-bisaminopyridines.     

KMnO4-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines: Synthesis of amides and sulfonamides

KMnO₄-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines producing secondary amine was introduced, which was trapped by electrophiles (acyl chloride and sulfonyl chloride) to form amides and sulfonamides. The reaction could take place at mild condition, tolerating a wide range of function groups and affording products in moderate to excellent yields.     

Chemistry of heterocyclic compounds at the A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, over 50 years (Review)

The review contains a concise historical account and information on the most significant researches undertaken by the staff at the A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences on the Chemistry of Heterocyclic Compounds. Dedicated to Academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences B. A. Trofimov on his 70th jubilee. Translated from Khimiya Geterotsiklicheskikh Soedinenii, No. 10, pp. 1443–1502, October, 2008.     

A general and convenient synthesis of 4-(tosylmethyl)semicarbazones and their use in amidoalkylation of hydrogen,heteroatom, and carbon nucleophiles

A general synthesis of previously unknown semicarbazone-based α-amidoalkylating reagents, 4-(tosylmethyl)semicarbazones, has been developed. The synthesis involved three-component condensation of semicarbazones of aliphatic or aromatic aldehydes with the same or other aldehydes and p-toluenesulfinic acid. The scope and limitations of this reaction were investigated. The compounds obtained were demonstrated to be an efficient α-(4-semicarbazono)alkylating agents. They were reacted with H- (sodium borohydride), O- (sodium methylate), S- (sodium phenylthiolate), N- (pyrrolidine, sodium succinimide), P- (trialkyl phosphites), and C-nucleophiles (sodium diethyl malonate) to give the corresponding products of the tosyl group substitution, 4-substituted semicarbazones, including analogues of nitrofurazone. Among the prepared compounds tested in vitro for antibacterial and antifungal activity, three nitrofuryl-containing semicarbazones exhibited high biological activities with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values of 8–32 μg/mL.     

Sulfur-directed metal-free and regiospecific methyl C(sp3)–H imidation of thioanisoles

Regiospecific and direct imidation of the methyl C(sp³)–H bond of thioanisoles is realized under mild and metal-free conditions with N-fluorobis(benzenesulfonyl)imide as an oxidant and nitrogen source. Proposed mechanism suggests that thionium ion intermediates and a Pummerer-type reaction are involved. The imidation has advantages such as high step-economy, excellent functionality tolerance, and regiospecificity, giving structurally diverse imidation products.     

Synthesis of novel chiral bidentate hydroxyalkyl-N-heterocyclic carbene ligands and their application in palladium-catalyzed Mizoroki–Heck couplings and asymmetric addition of diethylzinc to benzaldehyde

A small library of new chiral bidentate hydroxyalkyl-imidazolium salts 1 is conveniently synthesized on multi-gram scale from inexpensive and commercially available chiral pool amino acids. The corresponding carbenes, generated by deprotonation of imidazolium salts 1, in combination with palladium(II) chloride were tested in the Mizoroki–Heck coupling reaction. The most significant results in terms of yields and reactivities were achieved with low catalyst loading. The catalytic activities of these imidazolium salts were also investigated in the asymmetric addition of diethylzinc to benzaldehyde. The use of MgO nanoparticles as an additive in conjunction with these ligands played a crucial role in increasing the efficiency of these reactions.