CuCl催化剂上合成气液相合成甲醇和甲酸甲酯(英文)

在低温和浆态反应条件下,于同一个反应器中考察了由合成气一体化合成甲醇和甲酸甲酯的反应。结果表明,由碱金属醇化物和ＣｕＣｌ组成的混合催化体系具有甲醇合成活性,在比较温和的条件下（３６３～４０３Ｋ, ３～６ ＭＰａ）进行合成反应时,甲醇的空时收率可达到２０８ ｇ·Ｌ~(－１)·ｈ(－１)（３６３ Ｋ, ５．０Ｍｐａ）和４３．８ｇ·Ｌ~（－１）．ｈ~（－１）（添加氢化物助剂）。甲醇的选择性与反应温度有关。一体化合成反应与分步反应有较大差异。反应历程可能为甲醇首先均相催化羰化为甲酸甲酯,然后甲酸甲酯再多相催化氢解为甲醇。     

PROMOTERS IN THE CATALYST SYSTEM FOR METHANOL CARBONYLATION TO METHYL FORMATE

在一个机械搅拌式反应器中，在反应温度为６０～９０℃，压力为３～６ＭＰａ条件下试验了几种不同类型的化合物作为甲醇催化羰化合成甲酸甲酯碱金属醇碱催化剂的助催化剂。结果发现，在甲醇羰化制甲酸甲酯反应中，是助催化剂的极性而不是碱性起着重要的作用。同时证明，强极性非质子型化合物对该羰化反应具有良好的助催效果，乙腈则是一个例外。     

强极性非质子型助催化剂对甲醇催化羰化制甲酸甲酯反应的助催作用(英文)

研究了强极性非质子型化合物对甲醇催化羰化合成甲酸甲酯碱金属醇化物催化剂的助催化作用。结果表明,这些助催化剂的加入降低了反应的表观活化能,增强了酸碱催化剂的活性,并目还能延长醇碱催化剂的寿命。     

STUDY OF Cu-Mu CATALYST FOR THE SYNTHESIS OF METHYL FORMATE AND METHANOL FROM SYNTHESIS GAS

将一种新型的ＣｕＭｎ催化剂用于由合成气合成甲酸甲酯和甲醇，该催化剂表现出良好的反应活性和甲酸甲酯选择性。考察了反应温度、合成气压力及催化剂制备方法等对合成甲酸甲酯和甲醇的反应活性及选择性的影响。在反应条件下，产物收率最高达６０．１０ｇ／（Ｌ·ｈ），产物甲酸甲酯的选择性很高。用ＢＥＴ、ＸＲＤ及ＸＰＳＡｕｇｅｒ等测试方法对催化剂的比表面、晶相组成以及铜、锰在催化剂中的价态进行了表征，并探讨了催化剂失活的原因。     

反应条件对甲醇直接气相羰化反应的影响

在新研制的Mo C催化剂上 ,对甲醇直接气相羰化反应工艺条件与反应气中H2 的影响进行了研究 ,结果表明此新的Mo C催化剂初活性高 ,稳定性高。优化的工艺条件为 :反应温度 30 0℃ ,甲醇进料浓度 2 3% ,CO空速30 0 0L kgcat h ,此时甲醇转化率达 50 % ,醋酸甲酯选择性达 80 % (mol) ,产物时空收率为 8mol kgcat h ,已接近甲醇在有碘化物促进剂下间接气相羰化的水平。对反应气中H2 的影响研究表明 :H2 促进甲醇甲烷化反应 ,羰化产物选择性随H2 含量增加迅速下降 ,而且甲醇转化率也明显降低 ,H2 的影响是参与甲烷化反应 ,而没有引起催化剂失活 ,除去H2 后 ,催化剂活性很快恢复 ,其影响是可逆的。     

氧化羰化法合成碳酸甲乙酯热力学及催化性能的研究

研究了在甲醇、乙醇温和溶液中,氧化羰化一步合成不对称碳酸甲乙酯(MEC)反应。通过热力学计算考察了反应的可行性及程度。计算结果表明,在298.2K下主反应平衡常数为2.39×1080,说明此反应的可行性和程度均很大。实验发现在氧化羰化合成碳酸甲乙酯的过程中,不仅存在氧化羰化过程,同时也存在酯交换过程;含氮席夫碱(Schiff)的种类,甲醇和乙醇相对用量,反应温度和压力对碳酸甲乙酯(MEC)的合成均有影响。当以氯化亚铜(CuCl) 1,10 菲罗啉(phen) N 甲基咪唑(NMI)为催化剂时,摩尔比n(CuCl)∶n(NMI)∶n(phen)=1∶1.25∶1.25,在393K,2.4MPa,VMeOH∶VEtOH=2∶8,CuCl浓度为0.20mol L的条件下,反应2h,甲醇的转化率为44.3%,乙醇的转化率为22.3%,MEC产率为10.4%。与单纯CuCl催化剂相比,甲醇和乙醇的转化率分别提高17倍和9倍,MEC产率提高74倍。对氧化羰化反应机理也进行了探讨。     

3-氧代-4-甲酸甲酯四氢噻吩的合成工艺优化

以甲醇与巯基乙酸为起始原料合成了3-氧代-4-甲酸甲酯四氢噻吩(Ⅲ),产物通过₁H NMR,₁₃C NMR,HRMS等表征。研究了无机碱(NaHCO₃、Na₂CO₃、K₂CO₃、NaOH、KOH)与有机碱(乙胺、三乙胺、吡啶、甲醇钾),不同溶剂,以及温度对合成3-氧代-4-甲酸甲酯四氢噻吩收率的影响,结果表明：有机碱效果优于无机碱;甲苯为较优溶剂;温高反应有利于Ⅲ的合成。用甲苯作溶剂,吡啶为碱催化剂,在80℃下反应2小时,3-氧代-4-甲酸甲酯四氢噻吩收率达78%。     

双齿氮配体钯配合物催化的羰化反应研究

研究了双齿氮配体钯（II）配合物催化剂（1-3）在对邻溴碘苯与胺的羰化合成酰胺反应以及炔烃的氧化羰化制备炔酸酯反应中的催化性能,考察了不同条件下催化剂的催化活性并对其反应产物进行了表征.研究结果表明该催化剂在酰胺化合成氮取代邻苯二甲酰亚胺的反应中表现出了较好的催化活性和选择性,分离收率和选择性高达88%和85%;在芳基...     

甲醇多相羰化制甲酸甲酯新催化体系的研究

甲酸甲酯（MF）是用途广泛的低沸点溶剂和基本有机合成的重要中间体，近年来又逐渐发展为动力燃料的添加剂[1]．迄今MF主要由甲醇液相羰化法生产[2]，但该法存在时空收率低，催化剂与产物需进行分离，反应不能连续进行等弊端[3]。文献[4]曾报道过一种可用于多相体系的阴离子强碱交换树脂，但其催化活性太低，尚看不出有太大的实用价值．本文开发了一种负载型强碱液膜催化剂，在固定床连续流动反应器中首次实现了甲醇多相催化羰化制甲酸甲酯，其催化活性及时空产率明显优于均相催化体系[5]．1实验部分催化剂由碱金属醇化物、液膜相溶剂（甲…     

氧化锆负载氧化钌催化甲醇低温选择氧化合成甲酸甲酯的活性催化剂结构

 采用ZrO2负载的RuOx催化剂在低温(如373 K)下催化甲醇选择氧化合成甲酸甲酯,发现RuOx的结构可显著影响反应速率和产物选择性. 在相近的甲醇转化率下, RuO2-4物种的催化活性和对甲酸甲酯的选择性明显高于RuO2物种, 表明在ZrO2表面构筑高活性高选择性的RuO2-4结构有利于获得高的甲酸甲酯产率.     

二氧化碳和丙烯直接合成甲基丙烯酸的NiPMo/TiO2催化剂的研究

用溶胶-凝胶法以磷钼酸(MPA)的镍盐溶液水解钛酸四丁酯制备了NiPMo/TiO2催化剂.使用ICP、 XRD、 TG-DTA、 IR、 TPD-MS和微反应技术研究了催化剂的化学组成、热稳定性、化学吸附性质和催化反应性能.杂多钼酸盐与TiO2通过O2-在TiO2表面发生了键合.在623 K下,杂多阴离子仍保持原有的Keggin结构.CO2在Lewis酸位Ni(Ⅱ)和Lewis碱位Ni-O-Mo的桥氧协同作用下生成CO2卧式吸附态Ni(Ⅱ)←O-(CO)←(O--Ni).丙烯有多种吸附态在催化剂上吸附.在563 K、 1 MPa和空速1500 h-1的反应条件下,丙烯的摩尔转化率为3.2%,产物MAA选择性为95%.     

Synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives

Different approaches for the synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives from simple amino acids have been investigated. A library of 33 precursors for the preparation of N-hydroxy pyrazinones was obtained in moderate to good yields.     

Toward new camptothecins. Part 6: Synthesis of crucial ketones and their use in Friedländer reaction

In the context of the preparation of camptothecin and luotonin A analogs, the synthesis of some key keto-precursors and their use in Friedländer condensation are described. This paper also focuses on the stability of these keto intermediates and emphasizes the major differences between indolizinones and pyrroloquinazolinones series. Noteworthy is also the report of some original structures isolated as by-products of some experiments.     

CoFe2O4自形成磁性液体场致结构化对磁化的影响

The Langevin paramagnetic theory can’t describe the relation between magnetization of ferrofluids and applied magnetic field. The structuralization of ferrofluids, which is considered the main influence factor of the magnetization, is regarded. The part of magnetization works is deposited when the structure is forming. This action influences the magnetization of ferrofluids directly or indirectly. On the base of the “compressing” model, the Langevin function that usually describes the magnetization of ferrofluid is modified, and a well-fitted curve is obtained. An equation of the relation between the equivalent volume fraction after being “compressed” and the intensity of magnetic field is discovered, which approximately describes the process of magnetization. The relation between the approximate initial susceptibility and the volume fraction can be obtained from modified formula.     

Highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of 2,4-dichloropyridine enabling a novel approach to 2,4-bisanilinopyridine (BAPyd) libraries

The highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of the cheap and readily accessible reagent, 2,4-dichloropyridine with a range of anilines and heterocyclic amines is described. This new methodology is robust and provides a facile access to 4-chloro-N-phenylpyridin-2-amines on 0.25 mol scale. These intermediates undergo a further Buchwald–Hartwig amination at higher temperature to enable rapid exploration of the chemical space at C-4 and to provide a library of 2,4-bisaminopyridines.     

KMnO4-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines: Synthesis of amides and sulfonamides

KMnO₄-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines producing secondary amine was introduced, which was trapped by electrophiles (acyl chloride and sulfonyl chloride) to form amides and sulfonamides. The reaction could take place at mild condition, tolerating a wide range of function groups and affording products in moderate to excellent yields.     

Chemistry of heterocyclic compounds at the A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, over 50 years (Review)

The review contains a concise historical account and information on the most significant researches undertaken by the staff at the A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences on the Chemistry of Heterocyclic Compounds. Dedicated to Academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences B. A. Trofimov on his 70th jubilee. Translated from Khimiya Geterotsiklicheskikh Soedinenii, No. 10, pp. 1443–1502, October, 2008.     

A general and convenient synthesis of 4-(tosylmethyl)semicarbazones and their use in amidoalkylation of hydrogen,heteroatom, and carbon nucleophiles

A general synthesis of previously unknown semicarbazone-based α-amidoalkylating reagents, 4-(tosylmethyl)semicarbazones, has been developed. The synthesis involved three-component condensation of semicarbazones of aliphatic or aromatic aldehydes with the same or other aldehydes and p-toluenesulfinic acid. The scope and limitations of this reaction were investigated. The compounds obtained were demonstrated to be an efficient α-(4-semicarbazono)alkylating agents. They were reacted with H- (sodium borohydride), O- (sodium methylate), S- (sodium phenylthiolate), N- (pyrrolidine, sodium succinimide), P- (trialkyl phosphites), and C-nucleophiles (sodium diethyl malonate) to give the corresponding products of the tosyl group substitution, 4-substituted semicarbazones, including analogues of nitrofurazone. Among the prepared compounds tested in vitro for antibacterial and antifungal activity, three nitrofuryl-containing semicarbazones exhibited high biological activities with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values of 8–32 μg/mL.     

Sulfur-directed metal-free and regiospecific methyl C(sp3)–H imidation of thioanisoles

Regiospecific and direct imidation of the methyl C(sp³)–H bond of thioanisoles is realized under mild and metal-free conditions with N-fluorobis(benzenesulfonyl)imide as an oxidant and nitrogen source. Proposed mechanism suggests that thionium ion intermediates and a Pummerer-type reaction are involved. The imidation has advantages such as high step-economy, excellent functionality tolerance, and regiospecificity, giving structurally diverse imidation products.     

Synthesis of novel chiral bidentate hydroxyalkyl-N-heterocyclic carbene ligands and their application in palladium-catalyzed Mizoroki–Heck couplings and asymmetric addition of diethylzinc to benzaldehyde

A small library of new chiral bidentate hydroxyalkyl-imidazolium salts 1 is conveniently synthesized on multi-gram scale from inexpensive and commercially available chiral pool amino acids. The corresponding carbenes, generated by deprotonation of imidazolium salts 1, in combination with palladium(II) chloride were tested in the Mizoroki–Heck coupling reaction. The most significant results in terms of yields and reactivities were achieved with low catalyst loading. The catalytic activities of these imidazolium salts were also investigated in the asymmetric addition of diethylzinc to benzaldehyde. The use of MgO nanoparticles as an additive in conjunction with these ligands played a crucial role in increasing the efficiency of these reactions.