改性凹凸棒的制备及对砷离子的吸附研究

针对日益严重的砷离子污染问题，本文采用灵敏简便的原子荧光分析法，探究了凹凸棒石粘土吸附剂对砷离子的吸附性能，测定了pH、吸附时间、砷离子的初始浓度等因素对凹凸棒石粘土负载铁氧化物对砷离子吸附能力的影响，并通过SEM、EDX、FTIR对所制得的吸附剂进行了表征研究，同时进行了吸附动力学和吸附等温模型的分析。研究结果表明，改性后的凹凸棒对砷离子的吸附性能有了显著提升，在较低浓度时吸附效率可达98%，该吸附符合Langmuir等温吸附模型和准二级动力学方程。     

甲基丙烯酸接枝纳米纤维素水凝胶的制备及吸附性能研究

本文通过酸解法制备纳米纤维素(nCE),再利用自由基聚合法将甲基丙烯酸(MAA)接枝到纳米纤维素上,得到含有多孔结构的纤维素基水凝胶,并以制备的水凝胶作为吸附剂处理染料废水。用傅里叶变换红外光谱仪(FTIR)、和扫描电镜(SEM)技术对其进行了表征。讨论了吸附时间、pH、染料初始浓度、吸附剂用量对染料去除率的影响,优化了吸附条件。并对吸附机理进行了探讨,吸附动力学符合准二级动力学模型,平衡吸附等温线与Langmuir吸附等温方程拟合。通过对吸附等温线的拟合,计算得到了吸附剂对亚甲基蓝(MB)的最大吸附量为1250.00 mg·g~(-1)。     

2004年《离子交换与吸附》总目次

第 1 期基于非线性拟合的污泥衍生吸附剂对铅子等温吸附特性研究……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………张德见, 魏先勋, 曾光明, 翟云波 (1)羧甲基壳聚糖对胆红素的吸附性能研究……………………………… 吴 刚, 沈玉华, 谢安建, 林宏云 (7)大孔吸附树脂分离纯化杜仲中活性成分……………………彭密军, 钟世安, 周春山, 董朝清, 雷启福 (13)羧甲基交联魔芋葡甘聚糖微球的制备与表征……………………………………………冯长根, 罗立新 (23)海带吸附 Ag(Ι) 的物理化学特性研究……     

原位合成羟基磷灰石/壳聚糖复合吸附剂及除氟特性研究

利用原位共沉淀法合成了羟基磷灰石/壳聚糖复合吸附剂,通过扫描电镜、X射线粉末衍射、红外光谱和N2吸附-脱附曲线,研究复合前后羟基磷灰石的理化特征变化。实验结果表明与壳聚糖复合后羟基磷灰石的晶型并没有改变,只是结晶度有所降低,且复合后表面形成了不规则的凹凸结构,表面粗糙度增加。比表面积从106.75m2/g增加到127.58m2/g。复合吸附剂孔径大部分集中在10~50nm,属于介孔结构。利用Langmuir和Freundlich吸附等温方程对实验数据进行了拟合,对比相关系数R2值,Langmuir模型能更好地描述该吸附过程。复合吸附剂对氟离子的吸附符合拟二级反应动力学方程。计算了吸附热力学和动力学参数值,探讨了复合吸附剂对氟离子的吸附机理。ΔG0<0、ΔH0>0和ΔS0>0,说明复合吸附剂对氟离子的吸附是自发的、吸热的熵增过程,温度升高有利于吸附。吸附活化能(Ea)=15.03kJ·mol-1,迁移能(E)=7.639kJ·mol-1,说明该吸附过程以物理吸附为主。     

一个与吸附剂浓度有关的Langmuir等温式

实验测定了不同吸附剂浓度下, 高岭土对Pb(II)和Cu(II)的吸附作用, 结果表明存在明显的吸附剂浓度效应, 即吸附等温线随吸附剂浓度升高而降低. 采用传统的Langmuir 吸附等温式对实验数据进行拟合表明, 此等温式可准确地描述给定吸附剂浓度下的吸附结果, 但不能预测其吸附剂浓度效应. 根据表面组分活度(SCA)模型, 假设吸附剂颗粒间存在相互作用, 吸附剂表面吸附位的活度系数不等于1, 而应为吸附剂浓度的函数, 推导出了一个与吸附剂浓度有关的Langmuir (Langmuir-SCA)方程. 运用高岭土吸附Pb(II)和Cu(II)以及文献中蛭石吸附Zn(II)和Cd(II)、咖啡吸附Pb(II)的实验数据检验方程的适用性, 结果表明Langmuir-SCA方程可准确地描述所观察到的吸附剂浓度效应. 方程的两个内禀参数, 热力学平衡常数(K_eq)和特征饱和吸附量(Γ_m⁰), 与吸附剂浓度无关, 并可由吸附实验数据拟合求得.     

壳聚糖交联不溶性腐殖酸吸附剂的制备及其吸附性能

以壳聚糖和不溶性腐殖酸为原料,采用滴加成球法制备了一种新型重金属离子吸附剂——壳聚糖交联不溶性腐殖酸,对其进行了物理性质测定及FT-IR、SEM等分析。研究了吸附剂对水溶液中Pb(Ⅱ)的吸附特征。吸附等温线分别以Freundlich和Langmuir方程进行拟合,结果显示,吸附的最佳模型为Freundlich吸附模型。利用该方程拟合的数据,由Clausius-Claperyon’s方程计算出的Pb(Ⅱ)吸附焓变值,说明吸附剂对Pb(Ⅱ)的吸附以化学吸附为主。利用吸附剂吸附Pb(Ⅱ)前后的XPS分析了吸附机理,同时考察了温度、p H值及吸附时间对吸附效果的影响。结果表明,随着温度的升高和pH值的增大,吸附剂对Pb(Ⅱ)的吸附量增加,而且吸附更符合准二级动力学模型。     

磁性海藻酸钠三互穿网络水凝胶对亚甲基蓝的吸附

以海藻酸钠为水凝胶骨架材料,以羧甲基纤维素钠（CMC）和质子化壳聚糖（CTS）为强度增强材料,制备磁性水凝胶球吸附剂Fe3O4@SA@CMC@CTS,研究其对水溶液中亚甲基蓝（MB）的吸附特性,考察吸附时间、MB 初始浓度、离子强度、吸附剂加入量等对凝胶球吸附性能的影响;引入吸附动力学和热力学模型对吸附过程进行分析,并采用傅里叶红外光谱（FT-IR）、Zeta 电位、磁滞回线和X射线光电子能谱（XPS）对凝胶球特征及吸附机理进行综合分析。结果表明：在25 ℃、质量浓度为700 mg/L的MB溶液、凝胶球用量为0.2 g/L的条件下,平衡吸附量为2143.0 mg/g;700 mg/L的MB溶液最佳凝胶球投加量为 0.4 g/L,重复利用5次后,吸附量仍高达1228.4 mg/g。动力学拟合显示该吸附过程更符合准一级动力学模型,等温拟合表明Freundlich 吸附等温方程可以更好地描述该吸附过程。     

萘在粘胶基活性炭纤维上的吸附

研究了水溶液中萘在粘胶基活性炭纤维(VACF)吸附剂上的等温吸附.用多种吸附方程(Langmuir、Freundlich、Dubinin-Radushkevitch(D-R)、Dubinin-Astalov(D-A)、Langmuir-Freundlich(L-F)、Redlich-Peterson(R-P))对吸附实验数据进行拟合,考察了温度、pH和负载铜离子对萘吸附的影响.方程拟合结果表明微孔吸附容积填充理论对VACF吸附萘有较好的适用性,优于单层吸附理论.在20-40℃之间,萘的吸附是自发进行的,30℃以上时,萘的吸附量显著降低.提出了新的机理来解释pH较低时吸附量显著上升的实验现象.负载铜离子后VACF对萘吸附量降低.     

石墨烯@有机膨润土颗粒对刚果红的吸附性能研究

制备了石墨烯@有机膨润土颗粒,利用FT-IR、SEM、N_2吸附-脱附与模型拟合分析,研究了该颗粒吸附剂对刚果红的吸附性能与机理。结果表明,石墨烯中的羧基与季铵盐离子形成了酰胺键,官能团-OH、N-H、Si-O-Si、Al-O-Si等参与吸附反应;颗粒吸附剂的平均孔径为5.53nm,以介孔为主,BET比表面积为60.3506m~2/g;室温下,投加量为20g/L,p H值为5,110r/min的转速下振荡180min时,石墨烯@有机改性膨润土颗粒对100mg/L刚果红模拟废水的去除率达97.09%;吸附过程符合准二级动力学方程,吸附行为更符合Freundlich吸附等温模型,表明其吸附为多层非均相吸附。     

龙口褐煤对氟离子吸附的研究

以龙口褐煤作吸附剂对溶液中Ｆ－的吸附实验,研究吸附剂的吸附量,吸附动力学,吸附模型和溶液ｐＨ值对吸附的影响。结果表明：酸洗褐煤对Ｆ－具有良好的吸附性能,其静态等温吸附符合Ｆｒｅｕｎｄｌｉｃｈ等温方程。     

SYSTEM IDENTIFICATION METHOD OF LINEAR AND NON-LINEAR LIQUID PREPARATIVECHROMATOGRAPHIC SEPARATION

1.INTRODUCTIONThechromatographicproblemistorelatetheconcentrationprofileofthebandattheoutletofthecolumntotheequilibriumisothelm,themasstransferkineticsandtheprofileoftheinjectionbandandperformtheoptimumdesignofseparationprocess['J.Togettheobjective,Itisnecessarytoidentifythesystemof.ProjectsupPOrtedbyTheNationalNaturalScienceFoundationofChinatheliquidadsorptionchromatographylinearornon-linear,andthendeterminethethermodynamicanddynamicsparametersofthesystemaccuratelysothatthecomputersim…     

Adsorption of Pb(II) and Ni(II) From Aqueous Solution by a High-Capacity Industrial Sewage Sludge-Based Adsorbent

In the present study, adsorption of Ni(II) and Pb(II) from aqueous solution was investigated using activated carbon synthesized with industrial wastewater sludge. The synthesized adsorbent was analyzed using nitrogen adsorption–desorption and Fourier transfer infrared (FTIR) techniques. Batch adsorption mode was used to evaluate the effect of solution pH, contact time, adsorbent dose, initial metal ion concentration, and temperature on the adsorption capacity of the synthesized adsorbent. The kinetic data were analyzed using different kinetic models. The pseudo-second-order equation gave the best fit to the experimental data for both metal ions. The equilibrium isotherm data were analyzed using the Langmuir, Freundlich, and Dubinin–Radushkevich (D–R) isotherm models. The results showed that the data obtained for the Ni(II) and Pb(II) adsorption are in good agreement with the Langmuir model. The Langmuir mono-layer maximum adsorption capacities for Ni(II) and Pb(II) ions were estimated to be 74.06 and 88.76 mg g^?1 at 25°C, respectively. In addition, the thermodynamic studies proved that the adsorption process of both metals could be considered endothermic.     

均苯四甲酸酐修饰壳聚糖微球对Pb2+和Cd2+的吸附

用交联的壳聚糖微球 (CTS) 与均苯四甲酸酐在无水条件下反应,合成均苯四甲酸酐修饰壳聚糖微球,并用FT-IR和XPS表征产物的结构。研究它对水溶液中Pb2+和Cd2+的吸附行为。考察溶液的pH,吸附时间及Pb2+和Cd2+的初始浓度对吸附金属离子的影响。吸附等温线可以用Langmuir 方程较好的描述,当pH 5.0时,该吸附剂对Pb2+和Cd2+的最大吸附量分别为296.7mg g-1和149.9mg g-1。动力学过程用二级吸附动力学模拟具有很好的线性相关性,从而确定了吸附过程为化学吸附。采用0.2mol L-1的EDTA为解析剂,Pb2+和Cd2+分别获得92.4%和85.3%的解析率。表明该吸附剂有再生性能。应用于电镀废水中铅的处理,结果满意。     

聚(丙烯酸-co-丙烯酰胺)/蒙脱土/腐殖酸钠复合物对Pb2+的吸附性能

用制备的聚(丙烯酸-co-丙烯酰胺)/蒙脱土/腐殖酸钠复合吸附剂,研究了溶液pH值、吸附时间和Pb2+溶液初始浓度等因素对重金属Pb2+的吸附性能,探讨了复合吸附剂对Pb2+的吸附机理。结果表明,在pH值为6.0、吸附时间2 h、Pb2+溶液初始浓度0.01 mol/L和吸附剂用量0.10 g的条件下,复合吸附剂对Pb2+的吸附量达到364.05 mg/g,平衡所需的时间为15 min。与蒙脱土相比,复合吸附剂具有更高的吸附容量和更快的吸附速率。     

Preparation, Properties and Mechanism of Inhomogeneous Calcium Alginate Ion Cross-linking Gel Microspheres

Inhomogeneous calcium alginate ion cross-linking gel microspheres,a novel ion absorbent,were prepared by dropping a sodium alginate solution to a calcium chloride solutioin via an electronic droplet generator.Calcium alginate microspheres have uniform particle sizes.a smooth surface and a microporous structure.The electrode probe reveals the inhomogeneous distribution of calcium ions with the highest concentration on the surface,and the lowest concentration in the cores of the spheres.As a novel ion adsorbent,calcium alginate gel microspheres have a lower limiting adsorption mass concentration,a higher enrichment capacity and a higher adsorption capacity for Pb^2 than usual ion exchange resins.The highest percentage of the adsorption is 99.79%.The limiting adsorption mass concentration is 0.0426mg/L.The adsorption capacity for Pb^2 is 644mg/g,Calcium alginate gel microspheres have a much faster ion exchange velocity than D418 chelating resin and D113 polyacrylate resin.The moving boundary model was employed to interpret the ion exchange kinetics process,which indicates that the ion exchange process is controlled by intraparticle diffusion of adsorbable ions.So the formation of inhomogeneous gel microspheres reduces the diffusion distance of adsorbable ions within the spheres and enhances the ion exchange velocity.Alginate has a higher selectivity for pb^2 than for Ca^2 and the selectivity coefficient KCa^Pb is 316. As an ion cross-linking gel,calcium alginate inhomogeneous microspheres can effectively adsorb heavy metal Pb^2 at a higher selectivity and a higher adsorption velocity.It is a novel and good ion adsorbent.     

Removal of cadmium(II) and lead(II) ions from model aqueous solutions using sol–gel-derived inorganic oxide adsorbent

A study was conducted concerning the preparation and application of a novel synthetic oxide adsorbent of MgO-SiO₂ type. The material was prepared via a sol–gel route, utilizing magnesium ethoxide and tetraethoxysilane as precursors of magnesium oxide and silica respectively, and ammonia as a catalyst. The powder was comprehensively analyzed with regard to chemical composition (EDS method), crystalline structure, morphology, characteristic functional groups, electrokinetic stability and porous structure parameters (BET and BJH models). The synthesized oxide adsorbent is amorphous, with irregularly shaped particles, a relatively large surface area of 612 m²/g, and negative surface charge over almost the whole pH range. Comprehensive adsorption studies were performed to investigate the adsorption of Cd(II) and Pb(II) ions on the MgO–SiO₂ oxide adsorbent, including evaluation of adsorption kinetics and isotherms, the effect of pH, contact time and mass of adsorbent. It was shown that irrespective of the conditions of the adsorption process, the synthesized MgO–SiO₂ adsorbent exhibits slightly better affinity to lead(II) than to cadmium(II) ions (sorption capacity of 102.02 mg(Pb²⁺)/g and 94.05 mg(Cd²⁺)/g). The optimal time for removal of the analyzed metal ions was 60 min, although adsorption reached equilibrium within 10 min for Pb(II) and within 15 min for Cd(II) ions, which was found to fit well with a type 1 pseudo-second-order kinetic model. Additionally, adsorption efficiency was affected by the pH of the reaction system—better results were obtained for pH ≥7 irrespective of the type of metal ion.     

吸附剂性能和操作参数对液相色谱流出峰不对称性的影响

色谱流出峰的拖尾现象普遍存在于制备和大型色谱分离过程中,它直接影响分离的产率和回收率．本文提出采用色谱流出峰形的不对称偏差度来表征色谱流出峰的拖尾程度;并基于液相制备色谱分离过程FAD－SMT模型及吸附速率理论,通过计算机模拟,定量分析了吸附剂性能和操作参数对色谱流出峰形不对称性的影响。结果表明：不仅是吸附剂的热力学和动力学性能（包括吸附相平衡关系、液固两相间的传质阻力）;而且柱的设计和吸附剂的装填状况（包括轴向扩散系数）,以及色谱分离的操作条件（进料时间、浓度和流速等）都直接影响色谱流出峰形的不对称性。随着吸附相平衡等温线的非线性程度增大,或者总传质系数的减小,色谱流出峰形的不对称偏差度明显增大;吸附剂吸附容量的减小也将引起色谱流出峰形的不对称偏差度的增加;色谱流出峰形的不对称偏差度与进科体积、浓度和流体线速,以及轴向扩散系数的增大成正比。     

THE THEORETICAL STUDY OF ADSORPTION OF METAL IONS ON CHITOSAN

The interactions between metal ions such as Zn2+, Pb2+, Mn2+, Hg2+, Cd2+, Ni2+ and chitosan have been investigated using the model cluster model method and density functional method. Full optimization and frequency analysis of all cluster models have been performed employing B3LYP hybrid method at 3-21G basis set level except metal ions which were invoked to use effective core potential (ECP) method. The energy changes, and the main structural parameters have been obtained during the theoretical study of the adsorption of metal ions on the chitosan. The calculations showed that the coordination modes of metal ions with chitosan models were different, the geometries of Mn2+, Zn2+, Cd2+, Hg2+, Pb2+ ions coordinated with two nitrogen atoms and two oxygen atoms were distorted tetrahedral, while the square planar structure of Ni2+ coordinated two nitrogen atoms and two oxygen atoms was observed. The heat of reaction between six metal ions and chitosan models showed the order: Mn2+ ＞Ni2+ ＞Zn2+ ＞Pb2+ ＞Hg2+ ＞Cd2+, this suggested that the coordination strength of Mn2+ ＞Ni2+ ＞Zn2+ ＞Pb2+ ＞Hg2+ ＞Cd2+.     

Comparison of linear and non-linear equations for univariate calibration

Univariate data accumulated for the purpose of calibration of chromatographic and spectroscopic methods often exhibit slight but definite curvature. In this paper the performance of a non-linear calibration equation with the capacity to account empirically for the curvature, y = a + bx(m), (m not equal to 1) is compared with the commonly used linear equation, y = a + bx, as well as the quadratic equation, y = a + bx + cx2. All equations were applied to high quality HPLC calibration data using unweighted least squares. Parameter estimates and their standard errors were calculated for each equation. Standard errors and 95% prediction intervals in analyte concentrations were estimated with the aid of the fitted equations and their respective covariance matrices. Results indicate that the non-linear and quadratic equations each provide a better fit than the linear equation to the data considered here, as judged by the Akaikes information criterion (AIC), the adjusted coefficient of multiple determination, the magnitude and scatter of residuals, standard errors in estimated analyte concentrations and lack of fit analysis of variance (ANOVA). While the difference between the equations y = a + bx + cx2 and y = a + bx(m) as judged by the same criteria is more marginal, this work suggests that the non-linear calibration equation should be considered when a curve is required to be fitted to low noise calibration data which exhibit slight curvature.     

黄孢展齿革菌菌丝球同时吸附铅镉离子的动力学

采用间歇法，利用黄孢展齿革菌菌丝球吸附溶液中的Pb^2 和Cd^2 ，研究Pb^2 和Cd^2 共存体系中吸附初速率随初始浓度的变化规律。实验结果表明，少量Cd^2 的存在促进其对Pb^2 的吸附，并提高吸附初速率，但随着Cd^2 初始浓度的增加，促进作用逐渐减弱并转为抑制作用；Cd^2 的吸附初速率随着Pb^2 初始浓度增大而减小；Pb^2 和Cd^2 的吸附初速率都随自身初始浓度的增加而增大。