Bi3.25La0.75Ti3O12纳米线的可见光催化性能

研究了用一步水热法制备的掺镧钛酸铋(Bi_3.25La_0.75Ti₃O₁₂, BLT)纳米线的光学和可见光催化性能, 并对其晶体结构和微观结构用X射线衍射(XRD)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)和高分辨透射电子显微镜(HRTEM)等手段进行了表征. 结果表明, 制备的纳米线为纯相的Bi_3.25La_0.75Ti₃O₁₂, 平均直径约为25 nm. 室温光致发光谱(PL)显示BLT纳米线在433和565 nm附近有较强的发射峰, 分别对应激子发射和表面缺陷发光. 紫外-可见漫反射光谱(UV-Vis DRS)表明BLT样品的带隙能约为2.07 eV. 利用可见光(λ>420 nm)照射下的甲基橙降解实验评价了BLT样品的光催化性能. 结果表明, BLT的光催化活性比商用TiO₂催化剂P25、掺氮TiO₂和纯相钛酸铋(Bi₄Ti₃O₁₂, BIT)高得多. BLT光催化剂具有更高催化活性的原因是La³⁺离子掺杂拓展了BIT对可见光的吸收范围, 同时抑制了BIT的光生电子-空穴的复合.     

Synthesis and Characterization of Magnetic TiO2/SiO2/NiFe2O4 Composite Photocatalysts

Magnetic TiO2/SiO2/NiFe2O4 composite photocatalytic particles with high crystalline TiO2 shell were synthesized via a mild solution route.The prepared composite particles were characterized with X-ray diffraction(XRD),transmission electron microscopy(TEM),high resolution transmission electron microscopy(HRTEM),scanning electron microscopy(SEM),ultraviolet-visible(UV-Vis) spectroscopy and vibrating sample magnetometer(VSM).The results show that the obtained TiO2/SiO2/NiFe2O4 composite particles were composed...     

WO3/TiO2 复合纤维的制备及储能光催化性能

以钛酸正丁酯为前驱体, 采用静电纺丝技术制得了纯锐钛矿TiO2纤维, 并以其为基质, 通过水热法制备了具有异质结构的WO3/TiO2复合纤维. 利用X射线衍射仪(XRD)、 扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、 能量色散光谱仪(EDS)、 透射电子显微镜(TEM)和高分辨透射电子显微镜(HRTEM)等对样品的结构和形貌进行了表征. 以罗丹明B的脱色降解为模型反应, 考察了样品的光催化性能和储能光催化性能. 结果表明, 花状WO3微球包裹在TiO2纤维上, 得到了具有异质结构的WO3/TiO2复合纤维光催化剂. WO3与TiO2复合有利于光生载流子的输运和分离, 增强了体系的量子效率, 提高了光催化活性. WO3/TiO2 复合纤维经光照处理后, 在黑暗条件下显示出储能光催化特性.     

Synthesis, characterization and visible light photocatalytic properties of Bi2WO6/rectorite composites

Visible light-induced Bi(2)WO(6)/rectorite (BR) composites were prepared by a sol-gel method. The as-prepared samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), UV-vis diffuse reflectance spectrum, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectrum, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and Brunauer-Emmet-Teller (BET). The UV absorption edges of the BR-450 catalyst showed a marked red shift as compared to that of the pure Bi(2)WO(6). The photocatalytic activities of the as-prepared samples were evaluated by the photocatalytic degradation of 4BS dye in aqueous solution under visible light irradiation (>420 nm). The results showed that the BR-450 catalyst exhibited a strong adsorption capability and a higher photocatalytic degradation activity than the pure Bi(2)WO(6) for 4BS dye, which could be attributed to the synergetic effects of the adsorbability of rectorite and the photocatalytic property of Bi(2)WO(6) in it.     

Synthesis, property characterization and photocatalytic activity of the novel composite polymer polyaniline/Bi2SnTiO7

A novel polyaniline/Bi(2)SnTiO(7 )composite polymer was synthesized by chemical oxidation in-situ polymerization method and sol-gel method for the first time. The structural properties of novel polyaniline/Bi(2)SnTiO(7) have been characterized by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and X-ray spectrometry. The lattice parameter of Bi(2)SnTiO(7) was found to be a = 10.52582(8) ?. The photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue was realized under visible light irradiation with the novel polyaniline/Bi(2)SnTiO(7) as catalyst. The results showed that novel polyaniline/Bi(2)SnTiO(7 )possessed higher catalytic activity compared with Bi(2)InTaO(7) or pure TiO(2) or N-doped TiO(2) for photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue under visible light irradiation. The photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue with the novel polyaniline/Bi(2)SnTiO(7) or N-doped TiO(2) as catalyst followed first-order reaction kinetics, and the first-order rate constant was 0.01504 or 0.00333 min(-1). After visible light irradiation for 220 minutes with novel polyaniline/Bi(2)SnTiO(7 )as catalyst, complete removal and mineralization of methylene blue was observed. The reduction of the total organic carbon, the formation of inorganic products, SO(4)2- and NO(3-), and the evolution of CO(2) revealed the continuous mineralization of methylene blue during the photocatalytic process. The possible photocatalytic degradation pathway of methylene blue was obtained under visible light irradiation.     

Photocatalytic activity of a Bi-based oxychloride Bi(3)O(4)Cl

A Bi-based oxychloride Bi(3)O(4)Cl with a layered structure as a novel efficient photocatalyst was studied in the present paper. The compound synthesized by a solid-state reaction method has a band gap of 2.79 eV. The material possesses a fair visible-light-induced photocatalytic activity. Generally, the photocatalytic efficiency of Bi(3)O(4)Cl for degrading methyl orange (MO) is higher than that of anatase TiO(2) under UV light illumination. The dispersion of Ag over Bi(3)O(4)Cl leads to an obvious increase in the photocatalytic performance. The MO decolorization over Bi(3)O(4)Cl is mainly initiated by a photocatalytic process. The photocatalytic activity is discussed in close connection with the crystal structure and the electronic structure in details.     

球磨法制备复合光催化剂Bi12TiO20/ZnO及其光催化性能

本文用水作为分散介质,采用球磨法掺杂一定量的Bi₁₂TiO₂₀于ZnO中制备复合光催化剂Bi₁₂TiO₂₀/ZnO. 利用UV-Vis、XRD和SEM等仪器对样品进行了分析与表征. 通过对甲基橙的氧化来研究其光催化活性. 结果表明,光催化剂Bi₁₂TiO₂₀/ZnO对甲基橙氧化的催化活性高于氧化锌的催化活性.当Bi₁₂TiO₂₀的掺杂量为0.5%(质量分数),球磨时间为12 h,焙烧温度为300℃时,光照20 min后,复合光催化剂Bi₁₂TiO₂₀/ZnO对甲基橙的降解率可达到95.2%.     

Pr掺杂Bi_2MoO_6/TiO_2复合纳米纤维的制备及可见光催化性能

以电纺TiO_2纳米纤维为基质,采用溶剂热法制备了稀土Pr掺杂Bi_2MoO_6/TiO_2复合纳米纤维,利用X射线衍射仪、扫描电子显微镜、透射电子显微镜、紫外-可见-近红外分光光度计和荧光光谱仪等对不同样品的物相、形貌和光学性能等进行表征,以甲基橙为模拟有机污染物,考察了样品的光催化性能.结果表明,在复合样品中,Pr~(3+)进入Bi_2MoO_6晶格,部分取代Bi~(3+)形成施主能级,导致能级带隙变窄,不仅有利于提高样品的可见光催化活性,抑制光生电子-空穴对复合,而且还提高了Bi_2MoO_6/TiO_2的光催化活性和稳定性.当Pr的掺杂量为3%(摩尔分数)时,光催化降解甲基橙的效果最佳,可见光照射180 min时降解率达到93.8%,比纯Bi_2MoO_6/TiO_2的降解率有明显提高.     

Bismuth-doped ordered mesoporous TiO2: visible-light catalyst for simultaneous degradation of phenol and chromium

A controllable and reproducible synthesis of highly ordered two-dimensional hexagonal mesoporous, crystalline bismuth-doped TiO(2) nanocomposites with variable Bi ratios is reported here. Analyses by transmission electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, Raman, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy reveal that the well-ordered mesostructure is doped with Bi, which exists as Bi(3+) and Bi((3+x+)). The Bi-doped mesoporous TiO(2) (ms-TiO(2)) samples exhibit improved photocatalytic activities for simultaneous phenol oxidation and chromium reduction in aqueous suspension under visible and UV light over the pure ms-TiO(2), P-25, and conventional Bi-doped titania. The high catalytic activity is due to both the unique structural characteristics and the Bi doping. This new material extends the spectral response from UV to the visible region, and reduces electron-hole recombination, which renders the 2.0% Bi-doped ms-TiO(2) photocatalyst highly responsive to visible light.     

Layer-by-layer assembly of TiO(2) colloids onto diatomite to build hierarchical porous materials

TiO(2) colloids with the most probably particle size of 10 nm were deposited on the surface of macroporous diatomite by a layer-by-layer (LBL) assembly method with using phytic acid as molecular binder. For preparation of colloidal TiO(2), titanium(IV) isopropoxide (Ti(C(3)H(7)O)(4)) was used as titanium precursor, nitric acid (HNO(3)) as peptizing agent and deionized water and isopropanol (C(3)H(7)OH) as solvent. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), N(2) adsorption-desorption, and UV-vis spectra are used to assess the morphology and physical chemistry properties of the resulting TiO(2) coated diatomite. It was shown that the mesoporosity has been introduced into macroporous diatomite by LBL deposition. The mesoporosity was originated from close-packing of the uniform TiO(2) nanoparticles. More TiO(2) could be coated on the surface of diatomite by increasing the deposition cycles. This hierarchical porous material has potential for applications in catalytic reactions involved diffusion limit, especially in photocatalytic reactions.     

同轴静电纺丝法在纳米中空TiO2纤维中填充Ag的应用

以聚乙烯吡咯烷酮(PVP)溶胶/钛酸四正丁酯和PVP溶胶/银颗粒为前驱体, 以共轴静电纺丝法制备了银填充的TiO2中空纳米纤维. 将双组分纤维在200 ℃下热处理去除乙醇与表面吸附水后, 继而在空气气氛中焙烧至600 ℃, 可以得到在内表面上沉积银颗粒的TiO2纳米管, 银颗粒的直径为5-40 nm, TiO2纳米管的外径150-300 nm, 管臂厚10-20 nm. 用红外吸收光谱(IR)、X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)等测试手段对超细纤维进行了表征. 中空纤维的直径和管壁可以通过改变电纺参数来调节. 与Ag-TiO2纳米纤维、TiO2纳米中空纤维、TiO2纳米纤维及TiO2纳米粉体相比较, Ag颗粒填充的TiO2纳米中空纤维在光分解亚甲基蓝上表现出了更好的光催化性能.     

以花瓣为模板制备TiO2分层介孔纳米片

以月季花花瓣为模板, 经钛盐溶液浸渍后煅烧, 合成了新型TiO2 分层介孔纳米片. 采用X射线衍射(XRD)、 场发射扫描电子显微镜(FESEM)、 环境扫描电子显微镜(ESEM)、 透射电子显微镜(TEM)、 紫外-可见漫反射光谱(UV-Vis/DRS)和氮气吸附-脱附曲线分析等手段对样品进行了表征. 结果表明, 所得样品由厚度约4 nm的具有生物形态结构的锐钛矿型TiO2 纳米片组成. TiO2 薄层表面存在大量介孔, 其孔径集中分布于4 nm左右. 由紫外-可见漫反射吸收光谱可知, 材料的吸收边较纳米TiO2 (P25)红移了约20 nm, 因而具有更高的可见光光催化活性. TiO2 分层介孔纳米片在阳光下表现出较强的光催化活性, 在90 min内对亚甲基蓝的降解率可达98%, 远高于TiO2 纳米粉.     

Quantitative characterization of hydroxyl radicals produced by various photocatalysts

Hydroxyl radicals ((·)OH) have been deemed to be the major active species during the photocatalytic oxidation reaction. In this study, (·)OH produced on various semiconductor photocatalysts in aqueous solution under Xenon lamp irradiation was quantitatively investigated by the photoluminescence (PL) technique using coumarin (COU) as a probe molecule. The results indicated that the formation rate of (·)OH on the surface of irradiated commercial Degussa P25 (P25) was much higher than that of other semiconductor. The pH values of the solution and phase structure of TiO(2) significantly influenced the production rate of (·)OH. The acidic pH environment of the solutions and bi-phase structure (anatase and rutile) of TiO(2) were beneficial to enhancing the formation rate of (·)OH. In addition, the formation rate of (·)OH on anatase TiO(2) and P25 was much faster than that of (·)OH on the other semiconductors (such as rutile TiO(2), ZnO, WO(3), CdS, Bi(2)WO(4) and BiOCl, etc.). A new concept "OH-index" was first proposed to compare photocatalytic activity of photocatalysts, which would provide new insight into the investigation of semiconductor photocatalysts.     

Synthesis and characterization of ultrahigh crystalline TiO2 nanotubes

Ultrahigh crystalline TiO2 nanotubes were synthesized by hydrogen peroxide treatment of very low crystalline titania nanotubes (TiNT-as prepared), which were prepared with synthesized TiO2 nanoparticles by hydrothermal methods in an aqueous NaOH solution. Thus, prepared ultrahigh crystalline TiO2 nanotubes (TiNT-H2O2) showed comparable crystallinity with high crystalline TiO2 nanoparticles. The details of nanotubular structures were elucidated by high resolution-transmission electron microscopy (HR-TEM), field emission-scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), energy-dispersive X-ray analysis in transmission electron microscopy (TEM-EDX), X-ray diffraction (XRD), photoluminescence (PL), and BET surface area. TiNT-H2O2 was found to be a multiwalled anatase phase only with an average outer diameter of approximately 8 nm and an inner diameter of approximately 5 nm and grown along the [001] direction to 500-700 nm long with an interlayer fringe distance of ca. 0.78 nm. The photocatalytic activity of TiNT-H2O2 was about 2-fold higher than those of TiNT-as prepared, synthesized TiO2 nanoparticles, and TiO2-P25 (Degussa) in the photocatalytic oxidation of trimethylamine gas under UV irradiation.     

Mg-Al 类水滑石/二氧化钛异质复合纳米晶光催化氧化苯的性能

 采用过饱和沉淀法合成 n(Mg)/n(Al) = 2 的 Mg-Al 类水滑石化合物 (Mg-Al-HT), 再用水热法将它与钛胶复合, 制得 Mg-Al-HT/TiO2 异质复合光催化剂. 采用 X 射线粉末衍射、透射电子显微镜、场发射扫描电子显微镜、低温 N2 吸附-脱附、紫外-可见漫反射光谱和热重等技术对催化剂结构、成分和性质进行了表征. 结果表明, 在波长 365 nm 的紫外光照射降解苯的反应中, Mg-Al-HT/TiO2 异质复合光催化剂表现出优于单一的 TiO2 或 Mg-Al-HT 催化剂的光催化活性, 且稳定性更高; 同时讨论了该复合催化剂性能优异的原因. 另外, 运用电子顺磁共振技术检测到体系中存在羟基自由基等活性物种, 并据此提出了 Mg-Al-HT/TiO2 异质复合纳米晶催化剂光催化降解苯的反应机理.     

One-step solvothermal synthesis of N-doped TiO2 nanoparticles with high photocatalytic activity in the reduction of aqueous Cr（Ⅵ）

N-doped TiO2 （N-TiO2） nanoparticles were synthesized via a one-step low temperature （180℃） solvothermal route, which adopted NH4NO3 as the nitrogen source. The structure, composition, BET specific surface area, and optical properties of the as-synthesized product were characterized by X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, N2 adsorption- desorption isotherms, and UV-vis diffuse reflectance spectroscopy. In addition, its photocatalytic properties were tested by the reduction of aqueous Cr（VI） under UV and visible light （x 〉 420 rim） irradiation. It was observed that for the reduction of aqueous Cr（VI）, the as-synthesized N-TiO2 nanoparticles not only exhibited much higher photocatalytic activity than P25 TiO2 under UV light, but also exhibited remarkably high photocatalytic activity under visible light （λ 〉 420 nm）.     

Electrospun nanofibers of TiO2/CdS heteroarchitectures with enhanced photocatalytic activity by visible light

Herein, we have demonstrated that the electrospun nanofibers of TiO(2)/CdS heteroarchitectures could be fabricated through combining electrospinning technique with hydrothermal process. The configuration, crystal structure, and element composition of the as-prepared TiO(2)/CdS heteroarchitectures were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), resonant Raman spectrometer, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The results indicated that the high-density hexagonal wurtzite CdS crystalline particles of ca. 6-40 nm in diameter were uniformly and closely grown on anatase TiO(2) nanofibers. Especially, the light-absorption properties as well as photocatalytic characteristics of pure TiO(2) nanofibers and TiO(2)/CdS heteroarchitectures with different amount loading of CdS were also investigated. The absorption of TiO(2)/CdS heteroarchitectures was extended to the visible due to effective immobilization of sensitizing agent CdS on TiO(2). In contrast with the pure TiO(2) nanofibers, the TiO(2)/CdS heteroarchitectures showed excellent photocatalytic activity by using rhodamine B dye as a model organic substrate under visible-light irradiation. It was worth noting that the cooperative photocatalytic mechanism of the TiO(2)/CdS heteroarchitectures was also discussed.     

Synthesis of Bi-doped TiO2 Nanotubes and Enhanced Photocatalytic Activity for Hydrogen Evolution from Glycerol Solution

Bi‐doped TiO₂ nanotubes with variable Bi/Ti ratios were synthesized by hydrothermal treatment in 10 mol·L^?1 NaOH (aq.) through using Bi‐doped TiO₂ particles derived from conventional sol‐gel method as starting materials. The effects of Bi content on the morphology, textural properties, photo absorption and photocatalytic activity of TiO₂ nanotubes were investigated. The scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X‐ray diffraction (XRD) and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) observations of the obtained samples revealed the formation of titanate nanotube structure doped with Bi, which exists as a higher oxidation state than Bi³⁺. Bi‐doping TiO₂ nanotubes exhibited an extension of light absorption into the visible region and improved photocatalytic activities for hydrogen production from a glycerol/water mixed solution as compared with pure TiO₂ nanotubes. There was an optimal Bi‐doped content for the photocatalytic hydrogen production, and high content of Bi would retard the phase transition of titanate to anatase and result in morphology change from nanotube to nanobelt, which in turn decreases the photocatlytic activity for hydrogen evolution.     

磷钨酸钾模板法制备高活性二氧化钛空心微球

TiO2空心微球因具有低密度、高活性、易分离而有利于多次重复使用的优点而广受关注.本文介绍一种无氟制备TiO2空心微球的简单方法——磷钨酸钾(K3PW12O40)模板法.首先,将H3PW12O40和KCl溶液混匀,得到白色牛奶状的K3PW12O40模板(式(1)),然后在磁力搅拌下加入一定量的Ti(SO4)2粉末,加热至大约125oC开始回流.回流8 h后,过滤洗涤.滤饼分散在强NaOH溶液中,原位除去K3PW12O40模板(式(2)).最后,将催化剂洗涤到滤液为中性,干燥后即得到TiO2空心微球.3KCl + H3PW12O40= K3PW12O40ˉ+3HCl (1) K3PW12O40+24NaOH =12Na2WO4+ K3PO4+12 H2O (2) Ti(SO4)2+2H2O = TiO2+2H2SO4(3)我们将所制备的TiO2空心微球,采用X射线衍射、透射电子显微镜、扫描电子显微镜、傅立叶红外光谱、固体粉末漫反射和X射线光电子能谱等进行了表征.采用紫外光催化降解阴离子染料(活性嫣红X3B)来评价催化剂的性能.实验结果显示：(1)所制TiO2空心微球直径在0.5–1.0μm;(2)磷钨酸钾模板剂充当晶核,有利于空心微球的晶化;(3)加入的高浓度硫酸钛,水解产生大量的硫酸,抑制硫酸钛水解,不利于TiO2空心微球的晶化(式(3));(4)催化剂的活性随着硫酸钛量的增加而先增后降.4 mmol硫酸钛用量的TiO2空心微球具有最高的光催化活性,是TiO2颗粒样品(无磷钨酸钾模板法制备)的2.1倍.用该方法制备的TiO2空心微球活性高可归因于以下主要原因：(1)TiO2空心微球独特的孔结构;(2)良好的晶化程度(TiO2样品晶化度越高,越有利于光生载流子的分离,抑制复合);(3)样品残余磷钨酸钾模板和TiO2之间存在光生电子转移,有利于空心微球TiO2活性的提高.该法具有操作简单、重复性好、易于批量制备的等优点,有望广泛应用于(光)催化、电化学、分离与纯化以及药物缓释等领域.     

同轴静电纺丝法在纳米中空Ti02纤维中填充Ag的应用

以聚乙烯吡咯烷酮(PVP)溶胶,钛酸四正丁酯和PVP溶胶,银颗粒为前驱体,以共轴静电纺丝法制备了银填充的TiO2中空纳米纤维.将双组分纤维在200℃下热处理去除乙醇与表面吸附水后,继而在空气气氛中焙烧至600℃.可以得到在内表面上沉积银颗粒的TiO2纳米管,银颗粒的直径为5-40 nm,TiO2纳米管的外径150-300 nm.管臂厚10-20 nm.用红外吸收光谱(IR)、X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)等测试手段对超细纤维进行了表征.中空纤维的直径和管壁可以通过改变电纺参数来调节.与Ag-TiO2纳米纤维、TiO2纳米中空纤维、TiO2纳米纤维及TiO2纳米粉体相比较,Ag颗粒填充的TiO2纳米中空纤维在光分解亚甲基蓝上表现出了更好的光催化性能.