正n边形中四边形计数问题

文[1]探究了正n边形中三角形计数问题，受其启发笔者探究了正n边形中四边形计数问题． 引理1圆内接四边形为平行四边形（矩形），当且仅当该四边形的两条对角线为该外接圆的两条直径．     

在“MM教育方式”指导下运用计算机辅助教学一得

首先让我们看一个问题：如图1，在四边形ABCD中，分别从四个顶点A、B、C、D向对角线作垂线AE、BF、CG、HH，垂足分别为E、F、G、H．求证：四边形ABCD一四边形EFGH．我们把这个问题相应的图形输入计算机，让D点运动，当D点进入△ABC之内时，凸四边形一ABCD变为四四边形ABCD，我们看到四边形EFGH也变为四四边形（图2）；当D点运动到与A关于BC的异侧时，凸四边形变为有自交点的四边闭析线（蝴蝶形），四边形EFGH也变化为蝴蝶形（图3）．试问：它们是否能保持分别同原图形相似呢？按初中几何课本所说：“形状相同的图形是…     

一个四边形面积定理及其应用

一个四边形面积定理及其应用刘名禄（浙江省安吉县报福中学３１３３０４）本文介绍一个四边形面积定理及其应用．１定理定理任意凸四边形的面积等于一组对边中点分别与对边两端点连线和对边组成的两个三角形的面积之和（如图１，即ＳＡＢＣＤ—Ｓ。ＡＢＦ＋Ｓ。。。。，Ｅ...     

数学问题解答

2006年3月号问题解答 （解答由问题提供人给出） 1601 凸四边形两对角线的平方和等于四条边的平方和，求证：此四边形是平行四边形。     

非正则条件下类Wilson元的构造及其应用

本文在非正则性条件下，研究了窄四边形上的类Wilson元。通过参考元上类Wilson元的构造，证明了由此产生的有限元对任意窄四边形剖分通过Irons分片检查，得到了二阶问题的误差估计。结果表明，该单元的收敛性质与Wilson元的类似。     

四边形的教法与学法

四边形的教法与学法第１课梯形（一）一．教学目标：识记梯形及其有关概念，掌握梯形性质定理，渗透转化思想，培养论证能力。二．学法指导：（阅读教材Ｐ１６９－Ｐ１７２）１．细读教材Ｐ１６９识记梯形定义：一组对边，另一组对边的四边形叫做梯形，其中平行的两边叫做...     

有一组对边相等和一组对角相等的四边形是平行四边形吗？

有一组对边相等和一组对角相等的四边形是平行四边形吗？祁景星（江苏省泰州市教研室２２５５００）这是一个真实的故事，数学老师前来提出一个疑问：有一组对边相等和一组对角相等的四边形是平行四边形吗？他“证明”了这是平行四边形，但他的一位学生竟举出一个反倒推翻...     

四边形中的趣味竞赛题(上)

<正>在平面上由首尾相连的四条线段组成的封闭图形,叫做四边形.四边形可以分为凸四边形,凹四边形和交叉四边形.四边形具有四个顶点和四条边,我们一般研究凸四边形,也就是将每条边延长为直线后,其余各边都在这条边所在直线的一侧,四边形中没有公共顶点的两条边叫做对边,没有公共边的两个角叫做对角,对角顶点的连接线段叫做四边形的对角线.没有特别声明,今后     

不含四边形的n阶图的最大边数

不含四边形的ｎ阶图的最大边数中国科技大学数学系李炯生１９９２年中国数学奥林匹克（第七届冬令营）有这样一道试题：在有８个顶点的简单图中，没有四边形的图的边数的最大值是多少？（简单图是指任意一点与自己没有边相连，而且任意两点之间如果有边相连，就只有一条边...     

标准多重图中点不交的重边四边形

圈长为4的图叫做四边形,任意两个顶点之间边数至多为2的多重图叫做标准多重图,圈上的四条边都是重边的四边形叫重边四边形.本文证明了:如果M是阶数为4k的标准多重图,k是正整数,且M的最小度至少为6k-2,则除了三个特例之外,M包含k-1个重边四边形和一个有三条重边的四边形,使得这k个四边形彼此点不交.     

P1-NONCONFORMING QUADRILATERAL FINITE VOLUME ELEMENT METHOD AND ITS CASCADIC MULTIGRID ALGORITHM FOR ELLIPTIC PROBLEMS

In this paper,we discuss the finite volume element method of P_1-nonconforming quadri-lateral element for elliptic problems and obtain optimal error estimates for general quadri-lateral partition.An optimal eascadie multigrid algorithm is proposed to solve the non-symmetric large-scale system resulting from such discretization.Numerical experimentsare reported to support our theoretical results.     

Numerical integration over polygons using an eight-node quadrilateral spline finite element

In this paper, a cubature formula over polygons is proposed and analysed. It is based on an eight-node quadrilateral spline finite element [C.-J. Li, R.-H. Wang, A new 8-node quadrilateral spline finite element, J. Comp. Appl. Math. 195 (2006) 54–65] and is exact for quadratic polynomials on arbitrary convex quadrangulations and for cubic polynomials on rectangular partitions. The convergence of sequences of the above cubatures is proved for continuous integrand functions and error bounds are derived. Some numerical examples are given, by comparisons with other known cubatures.     

The material parameter design and finite element simulation of the quadrilateral thermal cloak device

In this paper, we first design a coordinate transformation and derive the anisotropic material parameters of the quadrilateral thermal cloak according to the transformation thermodynamics principle. Then, since the derived parameters are inherently anisotropic, we eliminate its anisotropy by considering the effective medium theory and use a layered structure of metamaterials composed of only two isotropic materials to design the cloak device. Finally, we simulate the performance of a perfect and layered thermal cloak by the finite element method. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first work to design and simulate the performance of this quadrilateral thermal cloak by the finite element method(FEM).     

Continuous finite element methods for Reissner-Mindlin plate problem

On triangle or quadrilateral meshes, two finite element methods are proposed for solving the Reissner-Mindlin plate problem either by augmenting the Galerkin formulation or modifying the plate-thickness. In these methods, the transverse displacement is approximated by conforming (bi)linear macroelements or (bi)quadratic elements, and the rotation by conforming (bi)linear elements. The shear stress can be locally computed from transverse displacement and rotation. Uniform in plate thickness, optimal error bounds are obtained for the transverse displacement, rotation, and shear stress in their natural norms. Numerical results are presented to illustrate the theoretical results.     

ON THE STABILITY OF THE RESIDUAL-FREE BUBBLES FOR THE NAVIER-STOKES EQUATIONS

This paper considers the Calerkin finite element method for the incompressible Navier-Stokes equations in two dimensions, where the finite-dimensional spaces employed consist of piecewise polynomials enriched with residual-free bubble （RFB） functions. The stability features of the residual-free bubble functions for the linearized Navier-Stokes equations are analyzed in this work. It is shown that the enrichment of the velocity space by bubble functions stabilizes the numerical method for any value of the viscosity parameter for triangular elements and for values of the viscosity parameter in the vanishing limit case for quadrilateral elements.     

QUADRILATERAL MESH

Several quadrilateral shape regular mesh conditions commonly used in the finite element method are proven to be equivalent. Their influence on the finite element interpolation error and the consistency error committed by nonconforming finite elements are investigated. The effect of the Bi-Section Condition and its extended version $(1+\al)$-Section Condition on the degenerate mesh conditions is also checked. The necessity of the Bi-Section Condition in finite elements is underpinned by means of counterexamples.     

Stabilized multiscale finite element method for the stationary Navier-Stokes equations

In the paper, a stabilized multiscale finite element method for the stationary incompressible Navier-Stokes equations is considered. The method is a Petrov-Galerkin approach based on the multiscale enrichment of the standard polynomial space enriched with the unusual bubble functions which no longer vanish on every element boundary for the velocity space. The stability of the P₁-P₀ triangular element (or the Q₁-P₀ quadrilateral element) is established. And the optimal error estimates of the stabilized multiscale finite element method for the stationary Navier-Stokes equations are obtained.     

QUADRILATERAL MESH

IntroductionQuadrilateral mesh Is widely used In the finite eleme     

Geometrically nonlinear analysis with a 4-node membrane element formulated by the quadrilateral area coordinate method

Recently, a 4-node quadrilateral membrane element AGQ6-I, has been successfully developed for analysis of linear plane problems. Since this model is formulated by the quadrilateral area coordinate method (QACM), a new natural coordinate system for developing quadrilateral finite element models, it is much less sensitive to mesh distortion than other 4-node isoparametric elements and free of various locking problems that arise from irregular mesh geometries. In order to extend these advantages of QACM to nonlinear applications, the total Lagrangian (TL) formulations of element AGQ6-I was established in this paper, which is also the first time that a plane QACM element being applied in the implicit geometrically nonlinear analysis. Numerical examples of geometrically nonlinear analysis show that the presented formulations can prevent loss of accuracy in severely distorted meshes, and therefore, are superior to those of other 4-node isoparametric elements. The efficiency of QACM for developing simple, effective and reliable serendipity plane membrane elements in geometrically nonlinear analysis is demonstrated clearly.