结构的塑性动力响应(二)

两端受约束的梁的动力响应 1.轴向不受约束的简支梁 在前几节中,我们着重讨论了悬臂梁,本节要研究当梁的两端受到约束时会出现什么新问题。     

2021-07期目录

在陈宗基院士关于地下硐室长期稳定性力学问题研究的基础上,采用Sadovsky院士关于复杂地质岩体的等级构造学说,围绕深部岩体非均匀构造与封闭应力固有的统计力学属性,研究了岩体非均匀变形与封闭应力特性,以及深部硐室围岩的长期稳定性等两个力学问题。给出了岩体非均匀构造与封闭应力的数学表征;根据质量守恒定律得到了计算深部硐室围岩长期变形的一般公式;得到了围岩变形中劈裂扩容变形占主要部分的结论,并且阐明了深部围岩卸荷时更易出现劈裂破坏的原因。给出了劈裂破坏形态的演进序列与扩容位移的计算方法。将围岩松动圈范围、破裂区位置和边壁位移的计算结果与锦屏一级电站厂房现有监测数据进行了对比,两者相当吻合。     

2021-03期目录

针对毁伤试验数据少、不均匀、不连续、范围窄等带来的计算精度不高的问题。研究通过数据挖掘技术进行毁伤效应计算。利用数据库管理毁伤数据,通过数据清洗技术识别并清除数据异常点,以保证数据库中数据的质量。建立了算法评价方法以选择最优经验算法。通过特征选择对高维毁伤数据进行降维,确定毁伤效应的主要控制参数进行神经网络学习和k-近邻检索。在此基础上建立基于数据融合的“三阶段”毁伤效应计算模型,可依据试验数据、经验算法和神经网络模型进行毁伤效应计算。实际应用表明,所提出的计算方法,能够满足实际应用需求。     

2021-05期目录

第三型应变时效现象的发现使得传统的对于金属塑性流动行为的认识、位错的热激活理论以及常见的金属热粘塑性本构模型均需要进一步完善.为了系统地认识第三型应变时效,首先介绍了第三型应变时效现象区别于静态应变时效和Portevin-Le Chatelie动态应变时效的宏观特征,其次,对第三型应变时效的微观机理以及第三型应变时效与Portevin-LeChatelier动态应变时效、蓝脆现象以及机械波谱的关联性进行了系统总结.最后,介绍了包含第三型应变时效的金属热黏塑性本构模型的发展.     

2021-09期目录

对连续爆轰发动机中常见的低频爆轰不稳定性现象开展了基于含源项Euler方程的二维数值模拟研究,揭示了低频爆轰不稳定性产生的机理和详细过程。结果表明,燃烧室头部持续存在一些反传激波,这些激波与进气壁面相互作用会产生“进气阻滞点”,导致新鲜气体层不规则分布;不规则新鲜气体层会使爆轰波头上的压强分布随进气阻滞点的分布位置产生周期性变化;随着进气阻滞点产生的位置沿着进气壁面的缓慢移动,爆轰波头每次与采样点相遇时,采样点与上个进气阻滞点之间的距离会逐渐发生变化,因此采样点的压强峰值便产生了低频率的起伏振荡,即形成了所谓的低频爆轰不稳定性。     

多孔金属及其夹芯结构力学性能的研究进展

高孔隙率多孔金属及其夹芯复合结构是一种物理功能与结构一体化的新型、轻质高强材料/结构,具有高比强度、高比刚度和优良的吸能和缓冲性能等多种功能,引起了学术界和工程界众多研究者的极大关注. 本文概述了轻质多孔金属及其夹芯结构的制备方法、多功能特性及其应用,介绍了多孔金属夹芯结构元件(梁、板、壳)遭受准静态和动态冲击载荷下的理论、实验和模拟方面的国内外研究现状,分析和讨论了多孔金属及其夹芯结构力学行为研究中的研究手段和基本问题,重点关注了多孔金属夹芯结构的变形/失效、动态响应和能量吸收.     

仿生波纹夹层结构耐撞性分析及优化

为提高薄壁夹层结构耐撞性,以虾螯为仿生原型,设计梯度分布的仿生波纹形夹层结构,包括单层、双层和三层波纹结构。以初始峰值载荷F_p、比吸能E_s为耐撞性指标,利用有限元法分析了单元高宽比γ（γ₁、γ₂和γ₃分别为单元第1层、第2层和第3层的高宽比）对波纹夹层结构耐撞性的影响,采用多目标粒子群优化方法得到了夹层结构最优参数。结果表明,单层波纹结构耐撞性随单元高宽比γ的增大逐渐变差,双层波纹结构下层结构单元高宽比γ对耐撞性的影响大于上层结构单元高宽比γ对耐撞性的影响,较小的γ值有利于提高三层波纹结构的比吸能。结构优化结果表明:单层结构最优尺寸γ₁为0.8;双层结构最优尺寸为γ₁ = 0.5和γ₂ = 1.2;三层结构最优组合为γ₁ = 0.6,γ₂ = 0.6和γ₃ = 0.9。上述结果可为薄壁夹层结构轻量化设计提供新思路。     

刚塑性圆板受水下爆炸载荷时的动力响应

分析了简支刚塑性圆板受水下爆炸载荷时的塑性动力响应。考虑到流固耦合作用,应用Taylor平板理论求水下爆炸压力,用刚塑性法分析了圆板的永久变形场,引入膜力因子考虑了圆板大变形时的膜力效应。计算结果同用ABAQUS程序的计算结果进行了比较,表明不考虑空泡时所得结果较精确。最后考察了流固耦合作用及空泡对结构响应的影响。     

强脉冲载荷作用下弹-塑性薄圆板的大挠度动力响应

利用有限变形弹塑性连续体的最小加速度原理 ,建立了分析圆板动力响应问题的数值方法 ,并通过对均匀分布的脉冲载荷作用下铰支圆板位移响应的细致分析 ,探讨了响应过程中的饱和冲量现象 ,指出对于高载范围内的脉冲载荷 ,相应于最大变形的饱和冲量确实是存在的。结果还表明 ,虽然圆板的弹塑性动力分析非常复杂 ,但基于最小加速度原理的数值计算方法却具有简单、直接的优点。     

第二届全国爆炸与冲击动力学青年学者学术研讨会报告综述

简要介绍了第二届全国爆炸与冲击动力学青年学者学术研讨会的情况,概况总结了与会学者所做的报告内容. 报告包括 3 个特邀报告、14 个专题邀请报告和 24 个主题邀请报告,其中主题邀请报告分为爆轰和爆炸动力学、结构动力学和多尺度高性能计算、材料动力学和实验测试技术、复合材料结构的动态力学行为、轻质结构的吸能特性和优化设计等 5 个主题.      

Several phenomena in structural impact and structural crashworthiness

This article discusses the dynamic plastic instability of various basic structural members, subjected to large axial impact loads, which is relevant to the fields of structural impact and structural crashworthiness. In particular, studies on the dynamic axial response of idealised elastic–plastic models, rods, cylindrical shells and square tubes, is discussed in some detail. The analyses for some of the rods, shells and tubes retain the simultaneous influence of elastic and plastic stress waves (axial inertia) and the structural response (lateral inertia). The predictions reveal the profound influence of stress wave propagation phenomena which explain the characteristics of many of the experimental results obtained in laboratories over the years. These more complete analyses are vital for the higher velocity impact scenarios encountered increasingly in designs and for comparing properly the relative merits of different ductile materials in potential energy absorbing systems.     

构型弹体跌落冲击载荷及结构响应特性

为深入认识跌落冲击条件下构型弹体内部的载荷传递规律及结构响应特征,促进战斗部装药安定性评估和结构设计,结合数值模拟和应力波分析手段,研究了构型弹体在跌落过程中的冲击响应特征,主要关注内部药柱的变形和损伤特性,并讨论跌落姿态、装药构型和跌落高度等因素的影响。结果表明,在跌落冲击条件下,构型弹体装药的变形并非由药柱同壳体的直接撞击作用主控,而主要受到弹体内部应力波传播的影响。装药结构最大变形和损伤区域并不位于药柱外侧同壳体相接触的位置,而位于内部区域。冲击应力波在壳体和药柱之间的透射特征、在壳体和装药内部的反射和叠加特性等决定了药柱的主要变形区域及其变形程度。跌落姿态对药柱的响应特征和变形形貌具有重要影响,导致装药安定性风险从高到低排序的跌落姿态依次为尾部向下垂直跌落、水平跌落、头部向下垂直跌落和倾斜跌落。药柱构型也具有重要作用,其中药柱分段界面容易使得药柱变形程度增大,但对装药过载以及变形分布特征的影响相对较小;隔板结构则容易增大装药过载,同时导致药柱的局域变形位置和变形程度均发生改变。跌落高度对药柱变形区域分布特征的影响较小,对载荷幅值、变形程度和分布范围大小等则具有重要作用,随跌落高...     

Computing eigenvector derivatives in structural dynamics

This paper presents an improved modal superposition method for computing eigenvector derivatives in which the contribution due to the unavailable higher modes to the eigenvector derivatives is considered. The proposed approach not only improves the accuracy previously published method, but also provides error estimates for the computed results.     

Limitations and corrections in measuring structural dynamics

This work deals with limitations encountered in measuring the dynamic characteristics of structural systems. Structural loading and response are measured by transducers that are characterized by multiple resonant frequencies where peaks occur in the magnification factor of their transfer function. The transfer function of a transducer is the ratio of the Fourier transform of its output to the Fourier transform of the input causing that output. The magnification factor of the transfer function of a transducer is the factor by which its zero-frequency response must be multiplied to determine the magnitude of its steady-state response at any given frequency.The presence of multiple peaks in the transfer function of a transducer indicates a potential for problems when the transducer responds to a transient stimulus. The problem is more severe if the stimulus contains significant amplitude at frequencies near these peaks; distortion of the recorded signal will occur.If the transfer function of the transducer is completely characterized, data distortion can be corrected by an inverse treatment. This inverse problem consists of determining the corresponding excitation associated with a particular system model and a given response. Even though measurement difficulties encountered when using transducers with multiple resonant peaks are not generally solvable by an inverse treatment, procedures are described in this work which can be applied on a frequency-selective basis to acquire valid data.Paper was presented at 1979 SESA Spring Meeting held in San Francisco, CA on May 20–25.This work was supported by the United States Department of Energy.     

结构可靠度FORM方法的混沌动力学分析

引入混沌动力学理论讨论了FORM收敛失败的非线性动力学根源. 给出了几个典 型函数在参数区间上的可靠指标分岔图，展示了极限状态函数经过FORM迭代成为 非线性映射后计算结果的周期振荡、分岔和混沌等复杂动力学现象，计算了非线性映射的 Lyapunov指数. 结果表明，极限状态函数设计点的曲率大小与FORM的收敛性没有简单的联 系，判别FORM迭代计算收敛性的指标是非线性映射的Lyapunov指数.     

爆炸/冲击动力学学习研究中的若干疑惑

在爆炸/冲击动力学的学习研究过程中,“疑惑”是创新的前奏。本文中,与大家分享了我所经历的若干实例,包括:静力学平衡条件可以用于波传播分析吗？满足屈服条件（σ_eff=Y）就一定进入塑性了吗？ZWT方程的黏弹性松弛时间θ₁和θ₂为什么互相无关？有质量就有惯性吗？材料动态本构响应要考虑惯性效应吗？层裂是材料动态响应问题还是结构动态响应？塑性铰分析与波传播分析有相通的内在联系吗？     

Unscented Kalman filtering for nonlinear structural dynamics

Joint estimation of unknown model parameters and unobserved state components for stochastic, nonlinear dynamic systems is customarily pursued via the extended Kalman filter (EKF). However, in the presence of severe nonlinearities in the equations governing system evolution, the EKF can become unstable and accuracy of the estimates gets poor. To improve the results, in this paper we account for recent developments in the field of statistical linearization and propose an unscented Kalman filtering procedure. In the case of softening single degree-of-freedom structural systems, we show that the performance of the unscented Kalman filter (UKF), in terms of state tracking and model calibration, is significantly superior to that of the EKF.     

On plastic dynamics of discrete structural models

Summary This paper discusses the dynamic loading of rigid-perfectly plastic structures by adopting a structural model discretized with constant stress finite elements. This assumption together with the hypothesis of small displacements and of a piecewise linear yield surface leads to the formulation of a problem in linear inequalities, which is, implicitly, time discretized. It is shown how the non linearity of the associated plastic flow laws leads to an equivalent extremal formulation. A numerical algorithm for solving the problem is directly derived from the mechanical statements. Numerical examples illustrate this approach. In the appendix an approximate technique is developed, which takes into account the influence of the strain-hardening and the strain rate sensitivity of material.

---

Sommario Il problema del caricamento dinamico delle strutture rigido-plastiche viene affrontato attraverso un modello discretizzato per elementi finiti a stato di sollecitazione costante. Tale assunzione insieme alle ipotesi di superficie di plasticizzazione lineare a tratti e di piccoli spostamenti, conduce alla formulazione di un problema retto da diseguaglianze lineari che si presenta discretizzato, implicitamente, nel tempo. Si mostra che la non linearità delle leggi del flusso plastico associato conduce ad una equivalente formulazione di estremo.È esposto un algoritmo risolvente affatto aderente alla formulazione meccanica. Alcuni esempi illustrano il procedimento. Una proposta di adattamento al caso di materiali incrudenti e sensibili alle velocità di deformazione è presentata in appendice.

---

---

Research supported by the National Research Council (C.N.R. - P.A.d.I.S.) of Italy.     

An equivalent polynomial approximation technique in nonlinear structural dynamics

Summary A new technique is proposed to obtain an approximate probability density for the response of a general nonlinear system under Gaussian white noise excitations. In this new technique, the original nonlinear system is replaced by another equivalent nonlinear system, structured by the polynomial formula, for which the exact solution of stationary probability density function is obtainable. Since the equivalent nonlinear system structured in this paper originates directly from certain classes of real nonlinear mechanical systems, the technique is applied to some very challenging nonlinear systems in order to show its power and efficiency. The calculated results show that applying the technique presented here can yield exact stationary solutions for the nonlinear oscillators. This is obtained by using an energy-dependent system, and for a nonlinearity of a more complex type. A more accurate approximate solution is then available, and is compared with the approximation. Application of the technique is illustrated by examples.     

Sensitivity analysis based on Lanczos algorithm in structural dynamics

IntroductionTheproblemforcomputingeigenpairderivativeshasoccupiedmanyresearchersinthepastseveraldecades.SurveypaperbyAdelmanandHaftka[1]isanexcellentintroductiontothetopicandalsoindicatevariousdisciplinesofapplications.Thereasonwhysomanypeopleareinterestedinthisproblemisthatsensitivitiesplayaveryimportantroleinstructuraldynamics,optimalanalysisandcontrolsystemdesign ,andmayalsobeanexpensiveandtime_consumingtask.Researchonsensitivityofmultipleeigenvalueshasbeenanareaofsignificantinterestinrece…