海洋酸化条件下重金属和金属纳米颗粒的环境行为及其对海洋生物的影响

工业革命以来,海洋吸收人类排放的CO_2,导致地球表层海水碳酸盐浓度和pH持续下降,使得全球海洋出现酸化现象.海洋酸化(ocean acidification,OA)除直接威胁海洋生态系统的稳定外,还通过改变海洋污染物的环境行为间接改变其对海洋生物的毒性效应.本文以重金属和金属纳米颗粒(metallic nanoparticles,MNPs)等环境污染物作为主要的研究对象,通过对OA的成因进行深入分析,重点研究OA改变重金属的存在形态和影响金属纳米颗粒的溶解、悬浮、迁移等一系列过程的主要机理,探明这些重金属和MNPs的关键环境过程的改变对海洋生物个体的影响,并对其造成的毒性差异进行了重点分析.最后对OA与共存污染物毒性效应进一步需开展的研究工作进行了重点展望.     

芝罘湾表层沉积物中重金属的分布特征及潜在生态危害评价

为了解芝罘湾沉积物中重金属的污染状况,于2009年7月采集了黄海芝罘湾16个站位的表层沉积物并测定了其中的重金属含量.芝罘湾的重金属污染程度较低,所有测定值均低于国家海洋沉积物Ⅰ类质量标准.Hg、Cu、Pb、Cd、Zn、Ni、Co、Mn 8种重金属的平均含量分别为0.02、12.3、8.67、0.13、32.8、11....     

微波消解试样-电感耦合等离子体质谱法测定鱼体中锌、铁、铅、铬、镉和汞的含量

重金属是具有潜在危害的重要污染物,它会被湖泊或海洋中沉积物或悬浮物所吸附,并在生物体内富集,成为持久污染物,对环境造成严重的污染。水体一旦受到严重的重金属污染,生物的食用卫生质量就会受到影响。金属元素含量的测定多采用原子吸收光谱法,其灵敏度高,准确性好,但不能实     

片螺素中间体——2,4,5-三甲氧基-α-卤代苯乙酮的合成研究

片螺素[1](Lamel larin)及其类似生物碱是近年来自海洋生物中分离得到的一种海洋活性物质,迄今为止发现有39种[1][2]。所有的片螺素都具有一定的生物活性[3]。但由于海洋生物中片螺素具有含量低,分离困难等特点,因而其合成研究是十分有意义的。本课题组在国家自然基金资助下,设     

Fuzzy概率法在土壤重金属污染综合评价中的应用

系统采集惠楼山药种植地及其周边对照区的土壤样品53个,分析样品中的Pb,Zn,Cu,Cr,Cd,Ni等重金属元素的含量.在对区域环境内的各单项污染指标进行分级评价的基础上,考虑到各单项污染指标在总评价中的地位,将各单项污染指标的作用综合起来,建立了Fuzzy概率模型,对土壤重金属污染进行了综合评价.结果表明:惠楼山药种...     

农田土壤中重金属对抗生素抗性基因及细菌群落的影响

抗生素滥用及其诱导产生的抗生素抗性基因(ARGs)污染是环境领域研究的新兴热点,农田土壤成为ARGs的潜在储库,同时重金属的胁迫不仅对ARGs产生持续性选择压力,也显著影响土壤细菌群落结构和功能。本文重点综述了土壤中重金属对ARGs和细菌群落丰度、多样性的影响,进一步揭示重金属污染造成ARGs水平转移的风险,最后讨论了如今研究中的不足,并对抗生素与重金属的复合污染研究进行了展望,以期为重金属与ARGs防控政策的制定提供理论依据和科学支撑。     

大亚湾表层沉积物中重金属分布特征及潜在生态危害评价

为了解大亚湾沉积物中重金属含量分布及其对海湾生态环境的危害状况,于2006年7月至2007年11月采集了大亚湾10个采样点的春、夏、秋、冬四个季度的表层沉积物样品,分析了沉积物中重金属的含量.结果表明,大亚湾重金属含量均低于海洋沉积物Ⅰ类质量标准,研究海域沉积物中Hg、Pb、Cu、Zn的含量分别为0.009 ～0.158 mg/kg、11.52 ～45.95 mg/kg、2.61 ～64.68 mg/kg、30.58 ～85.07 mg/kg,平均含量分别为0.040、28.50、12.46、61.76 mg/kg,Hg、Pb、Cu的季度差异不明显,Zn有较明显的季节变化.潜在生态危害评价表明,夏季重金属潜在生态危害属于强级污染,其余季节属于中等程度污染;重金属生态危害程度顺序为:Hg＞Cu＞Pb＞Zn,其中Hg的潜在生态危害属于很强级,其余均属于轻微级.     

环江县大环江下游沿岸重金属污染区农作物污染评价

采样分析了广西环江县大环江河下游沿岸受重金属污染的4块农田土壤及农作物可食用部分重金属含量,并进行了污染评价。结果表明,4块受污染农田土壤重金属污染级别均为轻污染,受污染农田土壤上种植的油麦菜、茼蒿、生菜、小白菜、稻米等农作物可食用部分为重污染,污染水平远远超过国家食品卫生限值标准。建议在未经改良的情况下,不宜在重金属污染的土壤上种植此类农作物。     

光电子协同微生物介导的重金属离子还原与电子转移机理

重金属污染是一个亟待解决的环境和社会问题。重金属元素在自然界常会形成各种价态的矿物,具有不同的理化性质,对重金属污染治理具有重要的参考意义。重金属离子价态的改变可通过微生物、电极电子及半导体矿物光电子传递与吸收实现。本文分析了微生物及其电化学系统、半导体矿物光电子与光电子协同作用对重金属离子的还原作用,从氧化还原电势角度分析了微生物及其电化学系统与光电子对重金属离子的还原机理。重点从微生物跨膜电子传递过程及分子网络角度阐述了微生物还原变价重金属离子的直接/间接电子传递途径、从微生物向电极的正/逆向电子传递与吸收利用角度揭示了微生物电化学系统与光电子协同微生物对重金属离子价态调控的机制。最后,提出了微生物、电极、半导体矿物与光在重金属价态调控中的作用网络与能量利用途径。可为进一步研究微生物胞外电子传递及微生物光电子利用与光电子协同微生物调控重金属离子价态及其环境治理提供参考。     

绿色海洋防污涂料技术及其研究进展

海洋生物污损给人类海洋生产和运输活动带来了严重的影响,涂覆防污涂料是解决这一问题根本办法。近年来大量使用的有机锡和氧化亚铜涂料,对海洋生物的生存环境造成了危害。因此,研究高效、低毒、绿色的海洋防污涂料成为目前发展的主要方向。本文综述了当前绿色环保型防污涂料的发展状况及研究进展,重点介绍了含氟、含硅低表面能防污涂料、天然产物防污涂料和新型无锡自抛光防污涂料的发展状况,并分析了今后绿色海洋防污涂料的发展趋势。     

象山港海底沉积物中重金属的赋存形态

以象山港海底沉积物为研究对象,采用了五步连续萃取法对象山港区域表层沉积物中重金属(Fe、Mn、Cu、Zn)赋存形态进行了研究,分析了各形态重金属在象山港不同采样点中的分布特征和影响因素.结果表明,象山港海域表层沉积物中各重金属元素主要来源于自然输入的残留态,人为输入的各种活性形态所占比例相对较少,但受两种因素的影响的差...     

Trace Metal Trend along Marine Food Chain in a Subtropical Coastal Ecosystem

Trace elements play an essential role for marine organisms to keep their normal metabolic functions. Effects of elevated trace elements in marine environment duo to pollution have been studied in many reports. However, biological accumulation and transfer of trace elements along food chain in natural marine ecosystems is poorly understood.     

Marine Metabolites and Metal Ion Chelation: The Facts and the Fantasies

The marine environment is a seemingly inexhaustible treasury of organisms whose secondary metabolites bear witness to the lavishness and inventiveness with which nature is able to manipulate molecular architecture. But to what purpose are these diverse and often grotesque compounds produced? This review is founded on the premise that some of them may be involved in the uptake and transport of metal ions present in the aquatic milieu. Many metabolites produced by terrestrial organisms are known to act as ionophores, but the case for similar behavior by their marine counterparts is far hazier. Notwithstanding the relative abundance of certain metal ions in the oceans, and of metabolite structures possessing features that should facilitate the chelation of metal ions, few attempts to establish a connection between these two phenomena have been reported. We have whittled down the voluminous literature of natural products derived from marine sources to expose a core of observations and speculations germane to our premise. These facts and fantasies are evaluated in this review. A mere handful of metal-containing complexes has actually been isolated; furthermore, attempts to prepare such complexes in vitro are rare, and spectroscopic evidence for metal–metabolite interactions, whether in vivo or in vitro, is not common. Only with the vanadium-sequestering tunichromes does a logical (but by no means complete) picture begin to emerge. In several other cases, the plausibility of metal chelation, though mooted by authors, remains unsupported by experimental evidence. However, continuing efforts to obtain structural, and particularly conformational, information on the metabolites by means of X-ray crystallography, nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, and molecular mechanics calculations would seem to provide the key to a rational approach to this neglected topic. On the basis of recent studies dealing with such structural aspects, we present a selection of candidate compounds, some of which are the targets of our own synthetic attentions, whose potential for binding to metal cations merits further research.     

Marine natural products

This review covers the marine natural products literature for the year 2000 and is organized phylogenetically, with sections on marine microorganisms and phytoplankton, green algae, brown algae, red algae, sponges, coelenterates, bryozoans, molluscs, tunicates. echinoderms and miscellaneous marine organisms. There is an emphasis on new structures, stressing their biological activities, source organisms and countries of origin, and also syntheses that confirm the structures of known compounds. The review contains 869 structures and 592 references, of which 434 appeared between January and December 2000.     

Structural Identification of Metalloproteomes in Marine Diatoms,an Efficient Algae Model in Toxic Metals Bioremediation

The biosorption of pollutants using microbial organisms has received growing interest in the last decades. Diatoms, the most dominant group of phytoplankton in oceans, are (i) pollution tolerant species, (ii) excellent biological indicators of water quality, and (iii) efficient models in assimilation and detoxification of toxic metal ions. Published research articles connecting proteomics with the capacity of diatoms for toxic metal removal are very limited. In this work, we employed a structural based systematic approach to predict and analyze the metalloproteome of six species of marine diatoms: Thalassiosira pseudonana, Phaeodactylum tricornutum, Fragilariopsis cylindrus, Thalassiosira oceanica, Fistulifera solaris, and Pseudo-nitzschia multistriata. The results indicate that the metalloproteome constitutes a significant proportion (~13%) of the total diatom proteome for all species investigated, and the proteins binding non-essential metals (Cd, Hg, Pb, Cr, As, and Ba) are significantly more than those identified for essential metals (Zn, Cu, Fe, Ca, Mg, Mn, Co, and Ni). These findings are most likely related to the well-known toxic metal tolerance of diatoms. In this study, metalloproteomes that may be involved in metabolic processes and in the mechanisms of bioaccumulation and detoxification of toxic metals of diatoms after exposure to toxic metals were identified and described.     

海生物附著对钢板管椿腐蚀之影响

为了解海生物对钢板管椿腐蚀之影响 ,将SS4 1金属试片浸渍于高雄港 #1 4码头水深 3m处及实验室人造海水中 .试验期间 ,以DC直流动电位极化曲线扫描与AC交流电阻抗分析现场量测各试片的瞬间腐蚀速率 .结果发现 :宏观地看 ,海生物在金属 (或锈层 )表面的附著可以减缓金属腐蚀 ,但从微观 (micro)的观点推论 ,海生物在金属表面的附著亦可以造成氧差或浓度差异电池 ,促成局部腐蚀 .此外 ,等效电路的模拟 ,有助于了解海生物附著对金属腐蚀的影响 ,即随浸渍时间的延长 ,金属表面因锈层增厚且趋于致密 ,以致锈层电阻增加 ;又因海生物种类不同 ,含水量不同 ,海生物电阻可能会有极大的差异     

Biologically Active Metabolites from Marine Organisms

The authors' chemical studies on the secondary metabolites from marine organisms are summarized. From marine sponges, algae and soft corals grown in the South China Sea, thirty five compounds were isolated. Their structures were elucidated mainly on the basis of spectral evidence. The biological activities of dysamides, 1–6 , stelletin 21 and lactone 23 are reported.     

黑苦荞保健茶中重金属的分析评价

采用原子吸收光谱法和原子荧光光度法测定了四川省凉山州某几个品牌黑苦荞保健茶中的重金属铅、镉、铬、无机砷和汞的含量,并以NY/T 1510-2007标准绿色食品麦类制品为依据,对黑苦荞保健茶重金属污染状况进行了分析评价。结果表明,黑苦荞保健茶受重金属元素污染的程度由高到低表现为铅、铬、镉、无机砷和汞,但含量均未超过国家标准规定;黑苦荞叶芽茶和全株茶的重金属污染较为严重,全胚茶未受重金属污染。     

水体重金属污染的生态效应与防治对策

水体重金属污染已成为全球性的环境问题，本文主要介绍了水体重金属污染对水生植物、水生动物的致毒作用和人体健康的危害，同时，就水体重金属污染的防治对策作了探讨。水体重金属污染的防治途径主要包括两方面，即：源头控制和工程治理。工程治理的方法主要有物理处理法、化学处理法和生物处理法．其中生物处理法具有较好的应用前景。     

Natural Products from Tongan Marine Organisms

The islands of the South Pacific Ocean have been in the limelight for natural product biodiscovery, due to their unique and pristine tropical waters and environment. The Kingdom of Tonga is an archipelago in the central Indo-Pacific Ocean, consisting of 176 islands, 36 of which are inhabited, flourishing with a rich diversity of flora and fauna. Many unique natural products with interesting bioactivities have been reported from Indo-Pacific marine sponges and other invertebrate phyla; however, there have not been any reviews published to date specifically regarding natural products from Tongan marine organisms. This review covers both known and new/novel Marine Natural Products (MNPs) and their biological activities reported from organisms collected within Tongan territorial waters up to December 2020, and includes 109 MNPs in total, the majority from the phylum Porifera. The significant biological activity of these metabolites was dominated by cytotoxicity and, by reviewing these natural products, it is apparent that the bulk of the new and interesting biologically active compounds were from organisms collected from one particular island, emphasizing the geographic variability in the chemistry between these organisms collected at different locations.