Investigation on the sonocatalytic degradation of acid red B in the presence of nanometer TiO2 catalysts and comparison of catalytic activities of anatase and rutile TiO2 powders

Here, the nanometer anatase and rutile titanium dioxide (TiO(2)) powders were introduced to act as the sonocatalysts during the ultrasonic degradation of azo dye-acid red B which was chosen as model compound. The ultrasound of low power was used as an irradiation source to induce TiO(2) particles performing catalytic activity. It was found that the processes of sonocatalytic degradation were different between nanometer anatase TiO(2) and nanometer rutile TiO(2). For nanometer anatase TiO(2) catalyst, the acid red B was mainly oxidated by the holes on the surface of nanometer anatase TiO(2) particles, so that the decolorization and degradation happened at the same time. For the nanometer rutile TiO(2) catalyst, the acid red B was mainly oxidated by the *OH radicals from the ultrasonic cavitation, so that the decolorization of azo bond takes place primarily, and then the degradation of naphthyl ring does. The intermediates of acid red B in the presence of nanometer anatase and rutile TiO(2) powders have been monitored by UV-vis spectra and high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), respectively. All experiments indicated that the degradation effect of acid red B in the presence of nanometer anatase TiO(2) powder was obviously better than that in the presence of nanometer rutile TiO(2) powder. Hence, the method of sonocatalytic degradation for organic pollutants in the presence of nanometer anatase TiO(2) powder is expected to be promising as an advisable choice for the treatment of organic wastewaters in future.     

Sonocatalytic degradation of methyl orange in the presence of TiO2 catalysts and catalytic activity comparison of rutile and anatase

Rutile and anatase titanium dioxide (TiO(2)) powders were used as sonocatalysts for the degradation of methyl orange which was used as a model compound. Ultrasound was used as an irradiation source. It was found that the sonocatalytic degradation ratios of methyl orange in the presence of TiO(2) powder were much better than ones without any TiO(2), but the sonocatalytic activity of rutile TiO(2) particles was obviously higher than that of anatase TiO(2) particles. Although there are many factors influencing sonocatalytic degradation of methyl orange, the experimental results show that the best degradation ratio of methyl orange can be obtained when the experimental conditions of the initial methyl orange concentration of 10 mg/l, rutile TiO(2) added amount of 500 mg/l, ultrasonic frequency of 40 kHz, output power of 50 W, pH=3.0 and 40 degrees C within 150 min were adopted. In addition, the catalytic activity of reused rutile TiO(2) catalyst was also studied and found to be better than new rutile TiO(2) catalyst sometimes. All experimental results indicated that the method of the sonocatalytic degradation of organic pollutants in the presence of TiO(2) powder was an advisable choice for treating non- or low-transparent organic wastewaters.     

Sonochemical and visible light induced photochemical and sonophotochemical degradation of dyes catalyzed by recoverable vanadium-containing polyphosphomolybdate immobilized on TiO2 nanoparticles

Na₅PV₂Mo₁₀O₄₀ supported on nanoporous anatase TiO₂ particles, TiO₂–PVMo, was used as an efficient photocatalyst for photocatalytic degradation of different dyes by visible light using oxygen as oxidant. This catalyst showed a good catalytic activity in the sonocatalytic and sonophotocatalytic decomposition of different dyes in aqueous solutions. The TiO₂–PVMo composite showed higher photocatalytic and sonocatalytic activity than pure polyoxometalate or pure TiO₂.     

Investigation on the transition crystal of ordinary rutile TiO2 powder by microwave irradiation in hydrogen peroxide solution and its sonocatalytic activity

The transition crystal TiO(2) catalyst with high sonocatalytic activity was obtained utilizing the microwave irradiation in hydrogen peroxide solution. At the same time a series of affecting factors (microwave irradiation time, heat-treated time and heat-treated temperature) to prepare the TiO(2) catalyst on the sonocatalytic degradation of parathion were considered in this paper. The ultrasound of low power was used as an irradiation source to induce treated TiO(2) particles to perform catalytic activity. The results show that the sonocatalytic activity of the transition crystal TiO(2) powder is obviously higher than those of pure ordinary rutile and anatase TiO(2) powders. At last, the parathion in aqueous solution was degraded completely and became some simple inorganic ions such as NO(3)(-), PO(4)(3-), SO(4)(2-), etc. The degradation ratio of parathion in the presence of the transition crystal TiO(2) catalyst attains nearly 80% within 60 min ultrasonic irradiation, while corresponding ones are only 65.23% and 53.88%, respectively, for pure ordinary rutile and anatase TiO(2) powders.     

Investigation on transition crystal of ordinary rutile TiO2 powder and its sonocatalytic activity

The transition crystal TiO(2) sonocatalyst was prepared utilizing the method of ultrasonic irradiation in hydrogen peroxide solution. The sonocatalytic activity of the transition crystal TiO(2) powder was validated through the degradation of methyl orange in aqueous solution by ultrasonic irradiation. The results show that the sonocatalytic activity of the transition crystal TiO(2) powder is obviously higher than that of pure rutile and anatase TiO(2) powders as well as mixed rutile and anatase TiO(2) powders according to the proportion of corresponding transition crystal TiO(2) catalyst. The degradation ratio of methyl orange in the presence of the transition crystal TiO(2) catalyst surpasses 75% within 80 min ultrasonic irradiation, while the degradation ratios are 55.93%, 51.68% and 40.88%, respectively, for rutile, mixed and anatase TiO(2) powders.     

Cu掺杂SnO_2/TiO_2复合薄膜的制备及性能研究

制备Cu掺杂的纳米Sn O2/Ti O2溶胶,采用旋涂法在载玻片上镀膜,经干燥、煅烧制得Cu掺杂的Sn O2/Ti O2薄膜,通过对比实验探讨掺杂比例、条件、复合形式等对结构和性能的影响。采用XRD、SEM、EDS、UVVis等测试手段对样品进行表征,并以甲基橙为探针考察了其光催化降解性能。XRD测试结果显示薄膜的晶型为锐钛矿型,结晶度较高。SEM谱图显示薄膜表面无明显开裂,粒子分布均匀,粒径约为20 nm。EDS测试结果表明薄膜材料中含有Cu元素,谱形一致。UV-Vis吸收光谱表明Cu掺杂以及Sn O2/Ti O2的复合使得在近紫外区的光吸收比纯Ti O2明显增强。光催化实验表明Cu掺杂后使得Sn O2/Ti O2复合薄膜对甲基橙的光催化降解效率进一步提高,Sn O2/Ti O2复合薄膜的光催化活性在10%Cu掺杂时达到最高。     

基于Au/TiO_2/FTO结构忆阻器的开关特性与机理研究

采用简单的一步水热法在FTO导电玻璃上外延生长了锐钛矿TiO_2纳米线,制备了具有Au/TiO_2/FTO器件结构的锐钛矿TiO_2纳米线忆阻器,系统研究了器件的阻变开关特性和开关机理.结果表明,Au/TiO_2/FTO忆阻器具有非易失的双极性阻变开关特性.同时,在103s的时间内,器件在0.1 V的电阻开关比始终保持在20以上,表明器件具有良好的非易失性.此外,器件在低阻态时遵循欧姆导电特性,而在高阻态时则满足陷阱控制的空间电荷限制电流传导机制,同时提出了基于氧空位导电细丝形成与断开机制的阻变开关模型.研究结果表明Au/TiO_2/FTO忆阻器将是一种很有发展潜力的下一代非易失性存储器.     

球磨处理的TiO2光谱特征及其光催化性能研究

为改变TiO₂的颗粒尺寸和提高其光催化性能,采用高能球磨法处理TiO₂粉末,研究球磨时间对样品微观形貌、晶体结构、拉曼光谱、荧光光谱和光催化性能的影响;分析荧光光谱和光催化性能之间的关系,确定光催化机理为快速判断其光催化性能提供依据。结果表明：随着球磨时间的增加样品颗粒由规则形状变成无规则形状且表面变得粗糙。所有样品均主要为锐钛矿结构,有少量的金红石结构,随着球磨时间的增加金红石结构的(110)衍射峰逐渐增强说明在球磨过程中少量的TiO₂发生了相转变,晶粒尺寸先减小后增加。所有样品均出现锐钛矿型TiO₂拉曼散射峰,而未发现金红石晶型的拉曼散射峰。各个拉曼峰的半高宽随着球磨时间的增加都有所增加,这表明样品的表面质量下降,表面缺陷和氧空位逐渐增加导致。所有样品在470 nm附近均出现荧光峰,且球磨后的样品该荧光峰得到增强,经过球磨后的TiO₂样品在397, 452, 483, 500和536 nm等处出现荧光峰,且球磨4 h后的TiO₂荧光峰强度最强,表明其表...     

二氧化钛微晶结构相变与光致发光

以钛酸四丁脂为前驱体制备了二氧化钛(TiO₂)胶体,将其粉末在不同温度下作热处理,采用差热分析、X射线衍射、荧光光谱等手段对样品进行测试。结果表明,随着热处理温度升高,TiO₂由板钛矿相经锐钛矿相向金红石相转变,在808℃左右出现一级相变。原始粉末样品以及在600℃以下热处理的样品,在400nm处可观察到TiO₂纳米晶的带边发光,在470nm处可观察到表面态发光;当热处理温度达到850℃时,主晶相转变为金红石相,400nm处的带边发光峰消失,位于470nm处发光峰成为最强峰,但强度减弱,并且样品发光的波长范围明显变窄。其原因是,随着热处理温度升高,晶粒不断长大,量子限域效应减弱乃至消失,晶粒的表面状况发生变化,导致样品的荧光发射行为发生变化。     

锐钛矿相和金红石相Nb:TiO_2电学性质的GGA(+U)法研究

采用基于密度泛函理论第一性原理GGA和GGA+U相结合的方法研究了不同掺杂浓度下锐钛矿相和金红石相Nb:TiO2的晶体结构、电子结构以及稳定性.结果表明:锐钛矿相Nb:TiO2能带结构与简并半导体类似,呈类金属导电机理.金红石相Nb:TiO2呈半导体导电机理.Nb原子比Ti原子电离产生出更多的电子.锐钛矿相Nb:TiO2中Nb原子的电离率比金红石相Nb:TiO2的大.以上结果说明锐钛矿相Nb:TiO2比金红石相Nb:TiO2更适宜用作TCO材料;掺杂浓度对其杂质能级,费米能级和有效质量都有影响.Nb原子掺杂浓度越高,材料电离率呈降低趋势;形成能计算结果显示:在富钛条件下不利于Nb原子的掺杂,而在富氧条件下有利于Nb原子的掺杂.对于金红石相和锐钛矿相Nb:TiO2,不论是在贫氧或富氧条件下,随着Nb原子掺杂浓度的提高,形成能均增大.     

基于电子顺磁共振的锌卟啉敏化TiO2光催化性机理的研究

为了研究锌卟啉/TiO₂复合光催化剂的光催化效率及电子转移问题, 本文采用溶胶凝胶法制备了锌卟啉/TiO₂的混合光催化材料, 并利用紫外可见光谱、电子顺磁共振谱对锌卟啉/TiO₂复合光催化剂进行了表征与分析. 采用溶胶凝胶法制备了锌卟啉-TiO₂的混合光催化材料, 通过比较纯P25型TiO₂和掺入质量比分别为0.2%, 0.5%, 0.9%锌卟啉敏化剂的锌卟啉/TiO₂混合光催化材料的紫外可见光谱图可知, 加入适量锌卟啉敏化剂可提高TiO₂对甲基橙溶液的降解效率, 过多的掺入锌卟啉敏化剂会导致TiO₂表面被敏化剂覆盖, 从而影响了其对光子的吸收, 降低TiO₂的光催化效率, 降低TiO₂的光降解率, 甚至低于纯TiO₂的光降解率. 应用电子顺磁共振技术对锌卟啉敏化TiO₂光催化剂的光催化机理进行了合理的解释, 当使用紫外可见光源对粉末样品进行辐照时, 锌卟啉受光辐照产生的激发态电子促进具有强氧化性的Ti³⁺和超氧根自由基的生成, 从而有效的促进了光生空穴-电子对的分离, 提高了TiO₂的光催化性能.     

TiO2及其掺Fe材料的制备和EPR谱的研究

以钛酸四丁酯、无水乙醇、冰醋酸为原料,在室温下用溶胶-凝胶法制备得到二氧化钛及其掺Fe样品的湿凝胶,室温放置2天后,100 ℃干燥得到干凝胶,在500 ℃下焙烧得到二氧化钛及其掺Fe的粉末状样品. 利用X射线衍射、电子顺磁共振等测试手段对样品进行分析,结果显示所得样品均为锐钛矿,Fe被引入了二氧化钛晶格中,Ti³⁺氧化中心信号强度随Fe掺杂量的增加而增强,峰值向磁场减小方向小幅偏移. 在不同测试温度下, 含Fe量为0.1%的Fe-TiO₂样品中Ti³⁺氧化中心信号强度随温度升高而增强,峰值也向磁场减小方向小幅偏移. 根据电子顺磁共振理论以及二氧化钛在空气中与O₂的反应解释了这些现象.     

(Cu,N)共掺杂TiO2/MoS2异质结的电子和光学性能:杂化泛函HSE06

在密度泛函理论的基础上,系统地研究了Cu/N（共）掺杂的TiO₂/MoS₂异质结体系的几何结构、电子结构和光学性质.计算发现,TiO₂/MoS₂异质结的带隙相比于纯的TiO₂（101）表面明显变小,Cu/N（共）掺杂TiO₂/MoS₂异质结体系的禁带宽度也明显地减小,这导致光子激发能量的降低和光吸收能力的提高.通过计算Cu/N（共）掺杂TiO₂/MoS₂的差分电荷密度,发现光生电子与空穴积累在掺杂后的TiO₂（101）表面和单层MoS₂之间,这表明掺杂杂质体系可以有效地抑制光生电子-空穴对的复合.此外,我们计算了在不同压力下TiO₂/MoS₂异质结的几何、电子和光学性质,发现适当增加压力可以有效提高异质结的光吸收性能.本文结果表明,Cu/N（共）掺杂TiO₂/MoS₂异质结和对TiO₂/MoS₂异质结加压都能有效地提高材料的光学性能.     

室温下超声波辐照制备介孔结构的TiO2及其光催化性能

在室温条件下,利用超声波辐照方法合成了一系列具有大比表面积的介孔结构TiO₂光催化剂。应用N₂-物理吸附、X射线粉末衍射(XRD)、扫描电镜(SEM)、透射电镜(TEM)等手段对合成的样品进行了表征。考察了超声波强度、发射时间对TiO₂的结晶度、比表面积、孔体积、孔径等物理结构的影响,并提出了超声波辐照下TiO₂的介孔结构的形成机理。以λ=365 nm的紫外光为光源,评价了该系列催化剂光催化降解染料甲基橙的性能。结果表明超声波功率的增加将增加TiO₂的结晶度和孔径,并使其晶粒发生细化,提高催化剂的分散性。声化学合成的样品具有较高的光催化活性,其主要原因是超声波辐照方法合成的TiO₂具有较高的结晶度和较大的比表面积和孔体积。      

Cu/N表面沉积共掺杂TiO_2光催化剂作用机理的理论研究

本文采用基于周期性密度泛函理论研究了Cu/N表面沉积共掺杂对锐钛矿相TiO2(001)面的修饰作用.计算了Cu在不同位置掺杂TiO2(101)面和(001)面的形成能,并在此基础上计算N不同位置掺杂TiO2(001)面及Cu/TiO2(001)面的形成能,通过形成能的比较获得了表面共掺杂的最优化结构.在此基础上计算了最稳定结构的能带结构及态密度,并与S单掺杂TiO2(001)面最稳定结构进行了对比.通过对结果的分析发现:Cu/N在(001)表面的沉积共掺杂有效降低了TiO2的禁带宽度,并在表面形成CuO2相,更利于提高其光催化活性.     

Role of phosphorus in synthesis of phosphated mesoporous TiO2 photocatalytic materials by EISA method

The phosphated mesoporous TiO₂ (PMT) were synthesized by using evaporation-induced self-assembly approach (EISA) with phosphorus content from 1 to 15 mol%. The X-ray diffraction and N₂ adsorption–desorption isothermal results reveal that the incorporating of phosphorus is of benefit to improving the thermal stability and enhancing the surface area of mesoporous TiO₂ by constraining the growth of anatase crystallite. XPS confirms the phosphorus in the calcined PMT exists as amorphous titanium phosphate in a pentavalent-oxidation state (P⁵⁺) and embedded into the nanocrystalline anatase TiO₂. In photodegradation gas phase acetaldehyde, the photocatalytic activity of PMT samples is higher than that of pure mesoporous TiO₂ and P25. It is believed that the enhancing photocatalytic activity of phosphated mesoporous TiO₂ is mainly caused by two factors relative with the incorporating of phosphorus in framework.     

重氧空位对金红石型和锐钛矿型TiO2导电性能影响的模拟计算

基于密度泛函理论框架下的第一性原理平面波超软赝势方法,构建了未掺杂与相同重氧空位金红石型和锐钛矿型TiO_1.9375超胞模型,分别对模型进行了几何结构优化、能带结构分布和态密度分布的计算. 结果表明,氧空位后金红石型和锐钛矿型TiO₂体系体积均变大,同时,锐钛矿型TiO_1.9375超胞的稳定性、迁移率以及电导率均高于金红石型TiO_1.9375超胞. 计算结果和实验结果相一致. 关键词： 重氧空位 2')" href="#">金红石型和锐钛矿型TiO₂ 导电性能 第一性原理     

Magnli相亚氧化钛Ti8O15的电子结构和光学性能的第一性原理研究

采用基于密度泛函理论的平面波超软赝势法研究了Magneli相亚氧化钛Ti8O15的电子结构和光学性能.计算出的能带结构显示Ti₈O₁₅相比锐钛型TiO₂禁带宽度大幅度降低.态密度分析表明,其原因在于Ti₈O₁₅的O原子的2p轨道以及Ti原子的3p,3d轨道相对于TiO₂的相应轨道向左产生了偏移,同时由于O原子的缺失使得Ti原子的3d,3p轨道多余电子在Fermi能级附近聚集形成新的电子能级.态密度分析结果还显示,相对于TiO₂,Ti₈O₁₅Fermi能级附近电子格局发生了如下变化:O原子的2p轨道电子贡献减少,Ti原子的3d轨道的电子对Fermi能级贡献增大.光吸收计算图谱表明,TiO₂仅在紫外光区有较高的光吸收能力,而Ti₈O₁₅由于禁带宽度变窄引起光吸收范围红移到可见光区,从而在紫外光区和可见光区都有较高的光吸收能力,计算结果与实验得到的紫外-可见漫反射吸收光谱结果一致.     

Characteristics of the silver-doped TiO2 nanoparticles

Silver ions doping made enhancement of the photocatalytic activity of TiO₂, which was determined by degradation of methyl orange (MO), a probe molecule, in an aqueous solution. X-ray diffraction (XRD) investigation demonstrated that the silver doping changed lattice parameters of TiO₂, which should attribute to the O vacancies produced by the substitutional silver ion at lattice site. On above results, a doping mechanism of silver ions in TiO₂ was also discussed.     

Sonocatalytic degradation of amaranth catalyzed by La3+ doped TiO2 under ultrasonic irradiation

The relationship between the physicochemical properties and the activity of sonocatalysts is investigated and elucidated in the sonodegradation of amaranth. The sonocatalyts are composed of La(3+) doped TiO(2) synthesized via a sol-gel process. The sonocatalysts are characterized by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopic analysis, UV-Vis absorption spectroscopy, and X-ray photoelectron emission spectroscopy. The sonodegradation products of amaranth are analyzed by UV-Vis absorption spectroscopy. The presence of the La(3+) doped TiO(2) catalysts substantially enhances the sonocatalytic degradation of amaranth in aqueous suspensions. The possible sonocatalytic mechanisms for such are discussed.