二维声子晶体多点缺陷局域模的分离特性

以二维铝圆柱/空气正方格子声子晶体为研究对象,利用平面波展开法结合超原胞的方法研究了点缺陷局域模的分离特性及模场分布特性.结果表明,多点缺陷引入将使局域声子因散射波之间的干涉而产生局域模的分离,且分离程度与多点缺陷所形成腔的几何形状、封闭程度以及边缘的构造有关;带隙中局域模的模场分布与它在带隙中的位置有关.点缺陷局域模的分离特性在声方向滤波器、窄带声波导方面将有很大的应用价值.     

具有完全带隙的异质结构声子晶体的声波导特性

利用正方形和三角形结构声子晶体具有范围较大完全带隙的特性,设计了新型正方形晶格和三角形晶格构成的声子晶体异质结.采用平面波展开和超原胞相结合的方法研究了该异质结的能带结构特性.给出异质结的结构和相应的能带图,分析了异质结界面传导模,研究两侧结构作横向拉开和侧向滑移时对传导模的影响,讨论这些结构的实际可行性.计算结果表明,没有任何晶格移动,该结构异质结在完全带隙中就有传导模存在,界面两侧发生相对移动时,带隙内传导模的数量及位置都发生变化.     

基于声子晶体环形腔的可调声波分插滤波器

设计了两个声子晶体线缺陷波导,通过环形谐振腔耦合,构造出声波分插滤波器,可以上传、下载高品质的声波导模.文中采用有限元方法分析声波在平台中的传播,结果表明,采用方柱体为散射体,谐振腔内腔平滑,可以增强谐振腔局域性;适当旋转耦合方柱体,可以增大透射率,当转角30°时透射率最大;利用环形腔体的旋转可以实现对谐振频率的精细调节.这些研究对声波器件的集成设计具有潜在应用.     

二维声子晶体理论在磁流变隔振支座中的应用

基于二维声子晶体模型,设计了周期排列的磁流变隔振支座,采用有限元方法研究其弹性波传输特性和振动能量分布.研究结果表明:隔振支座存在弹性波带隙,通过外加磁场可以调控带隙的带宽和频率位置;缺陷态结构对传输能量有局域作用.     

含旋转对称性孔的二维声子晶体带隙特性研究

利用有限元法计算了旋转对称性孔体系声子晶体的能带结构,分析了希腊十字和旋转玫瑰孔的几何参数对它们的带隙影响,结合带隙边界的振动模态,阐述了带隙的产生机理.结果表明:希腊十字孔和旋转玫瑰孔体系声子晶体容易打开多个较宽频率带隙;该类型结构谐振单元能够很好局域弹性波,带隙边界振动模态呈现为旋转模态,有利于打开带隙.这些研究结果可能为设计多孔轻质减振复合材料具有重要的参考价值.     

一维多孔硅声子晶体的带隙研究

多孔硅的力学性质随多孔度有较大变化,因此可以用多孔硅材料来构建声子晶体结构.本文将在理论上讨论一维多孔硅声子晶体的带隙,设计出宽禁带声子晶体结构,分析其相关的物理特性.计算结果表明薄的高孔度插入层将获得宽的带隙,而声子晶体异质结能够获得更宽带隙.     

局域共振声子晶体的离散化及其线缺陷研究

提出了一种局域共振声子晶体基本模型,将其散射体离散化,研究了二者的能带结构及隔声曲线.采用有限元法结合超原胞技术,将离散模型引入基本模型组成的超原胞中,研究了多种形式的线缺陷对能带结构及隔声曲线的影响.结果表明,离散模型比基本模型具有更宽的带隙,同时隔声效果更好;通过引入线缺陷,可以在能带结构中产生缺陷带,声波被局域在缺陷处只能沿缺陷传播,缺陷带的数量及位置受到线缺陷形式的影响;同时,线缺陷形式影响隔声效果,横向和纵向复合线缺陷隔声效果最好.研究结果可以为声子晶体的实际工程应用提供一定的理论参考.     

基于磁流变弹性体的声子晶体带隙隔振研究

设计了一种基于磁流变弹性体的二维声子晶体隔振器,可用于中高频的机械设备隔振,并对其带隙特性进行分析.以圆柱形铅散射体按正方晶格排列在基体磁流变弹性体当中的二维声子晶体为模型,采用典型的平面波展开法和有限元法研究其能带结构和透射特性,分别计算了不同磁场和不同铁颗粒体积分数情况下声子晶体的带隙,并对禁带范围内的某一频率的位移场进行分析.结果表明:两种方法所计算的带隙结果吻合较好,最大误差为4.9;;铁颗粒体积分数保持不变,增大磁感应强度可以同时增加带隙的位置和宽度;一定的磁场环境下,增加铁颗粒体积分数,带隙位置上移,宽度基本不变;某一频率处,声子晶体的内部波场存在着共振现象.     

双局域共振Helmholtz声子晶体带隙研究

设计了一种双局域共振原理的Helmholtz型声子晶体结构,该结构采用U字型嵌套设计,分为内外两个腔,摆脱了内腔空气对带隙上限的影响,使得低频带隙上限得以大大提高.在分析低频带隙形成机理和影响因素时,将弹性杆-弹簧模型引入理论计算,使得简化模型计算精度得以提高.研究表明:该结构具有良好的低频带隙特性,其最低带隙范围为86.9～445.9 Hz.结构低频带隙主要受晶格常数、壁厚、细管宽度和长度的影响.在保持其它参数不变的情况下,带隙上限随晶格常数、壁厚和细管长度的增加而降低,随细管宽度的增加而增加;带隙下限随晶格常数、细管长度的增加而降低,随细管宽度、壁厚的增大而增大.该研究为低频噪声控制提供了一定的理论支持,拓宽了声子晶体的设计思路.     

一维声子晶体缺陷态的研究

用特征矩阵法计算了声波在包含缺陷的一维声子晶体中的传播规律.其带隙结构与不包含缺陷结构的带隙结构相比有明显的不同,系统的透射率不仅与掺杂或替换的介质种类和层数有关,而且与介质的厚度有关.对于通带中的固定频率,透射率随介质厚度的增加呈周期性变化.     

A review of measurement of thermophysical properties of silicon melt

Measurements of thermophysical properties of Si melt and supplementary study of X-ray scattering/diffraction by the authors' group were reviewed. The values obtained differed variously from those of literature. Density was 2–3% larger, surface tension 20–30% smaller, viscosity up to 40% larger, electrical conductivity 8% smaller, spectral emissivity more or less in good agreement with literature values, and thermal diffusivity a few percent larger. An anomalous density jump was found near the melting point. Surface tension and viscosity also showed anomaly. A strange time-dependent change of density was observed over 3 h after melting. X-ray analyses suggested a slight change in local atom ordering, but showed no sign of cluster formation. An addition of 0.1 at% gallium caused the density jump to disappear, while that of boron caused no change. An EXAFS study of the former melt indicated a strong interaction between Ga and Si atoms as if molecules of GaSi₃ existed. The implications of the measured properties are a possibility of soft-turbulence in an Si melt in a relatively large crucible, a more complicated manner of intake of oxygen depleted molten Si from the free surface region to underneath the growing crystal, and a relaxation of the melt after melting arising from trapped gas species.     

Effect of alumina on enthalpy of mixing of mixed alkali silicate glasses

The enthalpy of mixing of mixed alkali (Na₂O and K₂O) silicate glasses containing various concentrations of alumina was determined using an ion-exchange equilibrium method. For glasses with a constant alkali concentration, the enthalpy of mixing was found to become less negative with alumina addition. Consistent with our previous results on the enthalpy of mixing of alumina-free mixed alkali silicate glasses, the magnitude of enthalpy of mixing exhibited a good correlation with the molar volume mismatch of the corresponding two single alkali glasses as well as with the extent of conductivity mixed alkali effect, e.g. excess activation energy of conductivity, ΔE. The reduction of the magnitude of the enthalpy of mixing with alumina addition can be attributed to the reduction of non-bridging oxygen and ionic field strength. Combining the present results with results obtained earlier, the magnitude of the enthalpy of mixing for all mixed alkali (Na₂O and K₂O) silicate glasses with and without alumina was expressed by a simple function of a modified Tobolsky parameter, which takes into account the alkali concentration and the difference in cation-to-effective anion distances. The enthalpy of mixing data of the mixed alkali glasses was then compared with reported experimental data on the conductivity of mixed alkali aluminosilicate glasses. What appears to be conflicting experimental data can be understood in terms of the magnitude of the enthalpy of mixing and we can conclude that the mixed alkali effect is closely correlated with the negative enthalpy of mixing.     

Mesomorphism Dependence on the Position of Substitution of a Pair of Esters

A novel homologous series of ethylene derivatives of thermotropic liquid crystals has been synthesized. The methoxy to octyloxy derivatives are nematogenic, the decyloxy to tetradecyloxy derivatives are smectogenic, in addition to nematogenic, and the hexadecyloxy homologue is smectogenic only. All the members of the series are enantiotropically mesogenic. Thermotropic behavior was determined by an optical polarizing microscope equipped with a heating stage and Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) study. Analytical and spectral data confirm the molecular structures of homologues (infrared, nuclear magnetic resonance, mass spectra, X-ray, and DSC data). Textures of the nematic phase are threaded or Schlieren and that of smectic phase are focal conic fan-shaped of smectic A or C. Transition curves of the phase diagram behave in a normal manner except one or two deviations from the normal trend. The mesophase range (Sm+N) varies from 3°C to 44°C. The average thermal stability for smectic is 93°C and that for nematic 117.4°C. The LC behavior of the novel series is compared with a structurally similar known series.     

原位氮化法制备TiN纳米粉体

用溶胶凝胶法合成的纳米TiO2粉体作为原料,将该粉体在氨气中进行原位氮化制备了TiN纳米粉体.用XRD,TEM,化学分析等手段对合成的TiN纳米粉体的物相组成、形貌、成分进行了分析.实验分析表明:在1000℃和1100℃下分别氮化5h,可以制备粒径大约为40nm和80nm的TiN粉体,其TiN的含量分别为95.40;和98.37;;而在1000℃条件下氮化时间减少到2h时,TiN的含量仅为58.36;.氮化温度和氮化时间是合成纳米TiN的重要因素,提高合成温度和延长氮化时间均可形成纯度较高的TiN纳米粉体,但延长氮化时间更有利于获得粒径小的氮化钛粉体.     

立方晶系晶体本征铁弹相变序参量的选取

在本征铁弹相变的软模理论的基础上,依据弹性本构关系和居里原理,给出了立方晶系晶体所有可能的自发应变的种类,研究了立方晶系晶体本征铁弹相变序参量的选取问题.以Th群和Oh群为例,阐明了不同类的序参量导致晶体对称性变化相同的的原因,提出了该情况下序参量选取的“就少不就多”的原则.得到了发生本征铁弹相变时所有可能的序参量及晶体的对称性的变化.     

On the influence of structural features of DNA on the possibility of metabolic transfer of electrons

Abstract

A fragment of a DNA molecule is considered as one of the channels of metabolic electron transfer. The heterogeneity of the complementary chains is effectively taken into account. This made it possible to find the speed of the electron injected into the DNA conduction band and the current density that it creates. Estimates of electron mobility in nucleic acid chains are made. They were an order of magnitude smaller than that of typical semiconductors. For the specific conductivity of nucleic acid chains, estimates provide a conductivity of one to two orders of magnitude lower than in graphite.     

Features of transformations in REE-containing systems of nitrate precursors in preparatory processes of formation of multifunctional oxide materials

Abstract

The complex study provides a reliable idea of ??the trends in the joint behavior of structural components in the water-salt systems of nitrate precursors of REE, alkaline, alkaline earth metals in the preparatory stages of the processes of forming multicomponent oxide polyfunctional materials on their basis with thermal activation. Stages of such transformations are revealed; The regularities of complex and phase formation in systems and factors influencing them are determined; A number of physicochemical properties of the intermediate phases formed - coordination lanthanides nitrates: their composition, types of compounds, atomic-crystalline structure, regularities of transformations during heat treatment were studied.     

Growth and characterization of semicarbazone of cyclohexanone

A new organic single crystal of semicarbazone of cyclohexanone (SCCH) has been synthesized and grown as a bulk single crystal by low temperature solution growth technique for the first time in the literature. The grown crystal has been confirmed by X‐ray diffraction and proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectral analyses and also characterized by FT‐ir and FT‐Raman studies. Thermal properties of the grown crystals were studied by thermogravimetric and differential thermal analyses. Optical transmittance was studied by ultraviolet‐visible spectrum and the second harmonic generation property was tested by using Q switched Nd: YAG laser as a source. (© 2006 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)     

Influence of density of states on optical properties of GaSe thin film

A systematic investigation on the effect of substrate temperature on the structure, optical absorption and density of states of vacuum evaporated gallium monoselenide (GaSe) thin films is reported. The X‐ray diffraction analysis shows an occurrence of amorphous to polycrystalline transformation in the films deposited at higher‐temperature substrates (573K). The compositional analysis is made with Auger Electron Spectroscopy (AES). The thickness of the film (175nm) is measured by a multiple beam interferometery. Optical characteristics of the GaSe sample have been analyzed using spectrophotometer in the photon energy range of 1.0 ‐ 4 eV. The absorption mechanism has been recognized and the allowed indirect as well as forbidden direct transitions have been found. As‐deposited films show two indirect and allowed transitions due to spin‐orbit splitting of the valence band, as reported here for the first time. Low field conduction have enabled us to determine the density of states in amorphous and poly‐GaSe films. The amorphous and polycrystalline GaSe thin films have localized states density values of N (E_F) = 1.686 × 10¹⁷ cm^‐3 eV^‐1 and 1.257 × 10¹⁵ cm^‐3 eV^‐1 respectively. The experimental results are interpreted in terms of variations in the density of localized states due to progressive decrease of the unsaturated bonds during deposition. (© 2004 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)     

电子显微分析在表征纳米晶体化学组分中的应用

纳米材料的化学组分及含量影响其光、电、声、热、磁等物理性能,电子显微分析是表征纳米晶体化学组分的重要方法之一.本文综述了X-射线能谱(EDS)、X-射线波谱(WDS)、电子能量损失谱(EELS)和选区电子衍射(SAED)等现代电子显微分析技术在表征纳米晶体化学组分、形貌、尺寸和结构等方面的应用及其研究进展,并比较了这些分析方法存在的差异,提出了其应用中存在的不足及今后的研发方向.