钼和钨在氧化铝表面的分散特性

以低温(873 K)和高温(1173 K)焙烧的氧化铝为载体制备了一系列负载钼和/或钨催化剂,结合X射线衍射、红外光谱、氨溶实验、氢气程序升温还原表征以及 4,6-二甲基二苯并噻吩加氢脱硫性能评价,研究了钼和钨在氧化铝表面分散的特性. 结果发现,钼倾向与碱性羟基和中性羟基作用,而钨优先与中性羟基作用. 钼的引入促进了钨的还原. 氨溶后残余的钼钨物种虽然与载体的作用较强,但经焙烧后它们在载体表面重新再分散,达到新的热力学或能量平衡.     

蔗糖在MCM-48表面的自发单层分散

采用液相浸渍法研究了蔗糖在中孔MCM-48表面的自发单层分散. 用X射线衍射(XRD)相定量分析法, 测定了蔗糖在MCM-48上的最大分散容量, 并用差热分析、N2吸附技术对制备的样品进行表征. 结果表明, 在蔗糖与MCM-48的质量比小于1.1时, 蔗糖在MCM-48表面能自发分散成单层. 当蔗糖/MCM-48 质量比为0.8时, MCM-48的比表面积由初始的998 m2·g-1降至114 m2·g-1, 孔径由原来的2.7 nm降至2.0 nm, 孔容由0.76 cm3·g-1降至0.11 cm3·g-1. 当蔗糖与MCM-48的质量比超过1.1时, MCM-48的比表面积迅速减小至10 m2·g-1以下. 这是因为蔗糖分子大小和MCM-48孔径相差不大, 导致蔗糖在MCM-48表面分散时出现孔道堵塞.     

热解蔗糖/γ-氧化铝制备碳均匀覆盖的碳/氧化铝复合材料

碳/氧化铝复合材料（CCA）作为催化剂载体或吸附剂具有广泛用途.在文献报道中,大部分的碳-氧化铝复合材料是通过热解气相碳氢化合物制得的,这样在氧化铝表面覆盖的碳通常是不均匀的.本文提出了一个操作简便,且重复性高的新方法来制备碳均匀覆盖的碳/氧化铝复合材料——热解均匀分散在氧化铝表面的蔗糖.在这种复合材料中,碳层厚度可控制为一个石墨单层的厚度,且碳的覆盖度及层数可以通过改变浸渍的蔗糖量及浸渍次数来进行调控.     

蔗糖辅助制备大比表面积氧化铝

The preparation of alumina with large surface area, certain phase and porosimetry has always been one of important researches. A new method using much less sucrose (the molar ratio of sucrose to Al^3 =0.5) was developed to prepare γ-Al2O3 with large surface area and high thermal stability. Firstly, ammonium hydroxide was dropped to aqueous solution of aluminum nitrate and sucrose. The resulted precipitate in suspension washeated until a homogeneous gel was ohtained. Then the gel was dehydrated at 110℃ to get a fluffy black precursor. Finally, γ-Al2O3 with A=345m^2/g was prepared by calcining the preeursor at 600℃ for 24h. The precursor and the obtained γ-Al2O3 were characterized by DTA-TG, N2 adsorption-desorption isotherms, XRD and TEM, According to the dispersion behaviors of organic compounds on supports, the related mechanism was discussed.     

易潮解化合物AlCl3和FeCl3在载体表面的分散状态及分散量

易潮解化合物ＡｌＣｌ３和ＦｅＣｌ３在载体表面的分散状态及分散量宗越潘晓民段连运＊谢有畅（北京大学物理化学研究所，北京１００８７１）关键词氯化铝，氯化铁，氧化铝，分散状态，分散阈值，Ｘ射线衍射无水ＡｌＣｌ３和无水ＦｅＣｌ３同属Ｌ酸，在酸催化中起着重要的...     

V2O5在载体表面的分散状态与表面酸性

用ＸＲＤ，ＸＰＳ研究了Ｖ２Ｏ５在γ－Ａｌ２Ｏ３，ＳｉＯ２，ＴｉＯ２等载体上的分散状态，测定了最大分散容量。结果表明，Ｖ２Ｏ５在γ－Ａｌ２Ｏ３和ＳｉＯ２上能形成亚单层分散，分散容量分别为理论单层量的６０％和４５％；Ｖ２Ｏ５在ＴｉＯ２上优先形成单层，然后形成多层结构。Ｖ２Ｏ５在γ－Ａｌ２Ｏ３上分散可使表面酸性有所增加；Ｖ２Ｏ５在ＳｉＯ２上分散使表面酸性剧增，酸位数和表面Ｖ＾５＋的摩尔比高达０．５左右；     

MoO3在γ—Al2O3表面分散过程的动力学研究

采用原位X-光衍射仪对MoO_3在γ—Al_2O_3表面上的分散过程进行动力学研究。测定了不同温度下的MoO_3分散量随时间的变化。认为分散过程对于表面有效位置是一级反应,并得到了不同温度下的速率常数和分散过程的活化能。     

Ni2 在炭包覆氧化铝表面存在状态及加氢性能

采用等体积浸渍法制备了以炭包覆氧化铝(CCA)为载体的Ni基催化剂.利用低温N2物理吸附、XRD、UV-Vis DRS、H2-TPR、H2-TPD等手段对催化剂进行表征,并考察了催化剂粗1,4-丁二醇加氢反应性能.结果表明,均匀分散在表面的炭可以有效阻止Ni2+进入氧化铝表面四面体及八面体空位,Ni2+以与载体具有中等强度相互作用的物种形式存在.随Ni含量的增加,镍物种晶粒尺寸发生明显变化,当Ni含量低于10%时,NiO以高分散状态存在于载体表面,Ni含量达到14%时催化剂中出现了NiO微晶,进一步提高Ni含量,NiO晶粒尺寸有所长大,但仍保持了较高的分散度.由于Ni的聚集程度较小,随着Ni含量增加,Ni的总活性比表面积增加,催化剂加氢活性提高,至Ni含量达17%时,催化剂表现出最佳的催化加氢活性.     

蔗糖酯的合成研究进展

综述了蔗糖酯的合成方法及工艺的研究进展,并对其反应机理进行了阐述.蔗糖酯的合成方法主要有四种:溶剂法、微乳化法、无溶剂法以及酶催化法.溶剂法采用DMF或DMSO为溶剂,但是这两种溶剂均有毒,限制了蔗糖酯在食品等行业的应用.微乳化法采用丙二醇或水代替溶剂法所使用的有毒溶剂,并加入乳化剂,使反应体系近似为均相体系.无溶剂法则是通过在反应体系中加入乳化剂或表面活性剂等使熔融相成均一相,反应平稳.但是一般无溶剂法反应温度较高,反应不易进行,产率低,且产品质量得不到保证.酶催化合成法是一种新的生物合成方法,采用生物酶代替传统的催化剂合成蔗糖酯,该法催化活性高、反应条件温和、选择性强、产物易分离等优点.文中还对蔗糖酯粗品的纯化工艺进行了介绍.     

蔗糖分子中羟基的选择性保护的研究

蔗糖和原乙酸三烷基酯反应后,经三苯甲基化、乙酰化以及乙酰基由4-位到6-位的基团迁移反应,选择性地保护了蔗糖分子中的羟基基团,合成了一系列蔗糖乙酸酯.4,6-原乙酸蔗糖六乙酸酯在酸催化下水解和醇解,相应地得到2,3,6,1',3',4',6'-七-O-乙酰基蔗糖和2,3,1',3',4',6'-六-O-乙酰基蔗糖。这些都是合成蔗糖衍生物方便的中间体,在糖化学的研究中得到应用.     

蔗糖酯示波极谱分析法的研究

蔗糖酯分子在碱性条件下，加热水解为蔗糖和硬酯酸，在ｐＨ＞１０的ＮＨ＿３·Ｎ＿２Ｏ－（ＮＨ＿３）＿３Ｃ＿６Ｈ＿５Ｏ＿７体系中，于示波极谱仪上，峰电位─０．９１Ｖ处出现一灵敏度高和稳定性好的极谱图，其浓度从０．０２～０．２８ｍｇ／ｍＬ与峰电流呈线性关系，最低检出限为０．００４ｍｇ／ｍＬ，相对标准偏差为１．３％。     

Hydrolysis of Sucrose by Heterogeneous Catalysis

Abstract

The reaction kinetics of the hydrolysis of sucrose by solid catalysts was investigated using polarimetry. Silica included heteropoly acid was used as a catalyst. At the optimizing conditions the activation parameters have been evaluated using the Arrhenius and Eyring plots.     

Fiber-Optic Sucrose Sensor Based on Mode-Filtered Light Detection

A mode-filtered light fiber-optic sucrose sensor was constructed from an annular column consisting of a bare optical fiber inserted into a capillary tube. A series of standard solutions with different concentrations of sucrose were measured by the sensor. The response range of the sucrose solution is 0%–60% (w/w). A linear relationship was found between the strength of the mode-filtered light and the sucrose concentration, with a correlation coefficient of 0.9994. The sensor exhibits good reproducibility and reversibility, as well as good standardized recovery for real samples. Thus, a real-time, fast, and sensitive determination method for sucrose concentration has been established.     

蝉翼藤茎中蔗糖酯成分研究

从云南产蝉翼藤(Securidacainappendiculata)茎的乙醇提取物中分离得到3个蔗糖酯类成分.采用化学方法和现代光谱分析技术(包括UV,IR,ESIMS,FABMS,1D和2DNMR等)鉴定其结构分别为β-D-(3,4-O-disinapoyl)fructofuranosyl-α-D-(6-O-sinapoyl)glucopyranoside(1),β-D-(3-O-feruloyl)fructofura-nosyl-α-D-(6-O-sinapoyl)glucopyranoside(2)和β-D-(3-O-feruloyl)fructofuranosyl-α-D-(6-O-feruloyl)gluco-pyranoside(3).其中,化合物3为新的阿魏酸蔗糖酯,命名为蝉翼藤糖酯A(SecurosideA).     

A Multistep Enzyme Sensor for Sucrose Based on S-Layer Microparticles As Immobilization Matrix

Abstract

In this paper we report on the construction principle and performance of an amperometric 3-enzyme sensor for sucrose based on crystalline bacterial cell surface layers (S-layers) as immobilization matrix for the biological components.

Isoporous, crystalline surface layers (S-layers) have been identified as outermost cell envelope layer in many bacteria. Since they are composed of identical protein or glycoprotein subunits with functional groups in well defined positions and orientations, they represent ideal matrices for the controlled and reproducible immobilization of functional macromolecules, as required for the development of biosensors. Apart from single enzyme sensors, which were described earlier, a strikingly simple method for the assembly and optimization of multistep systems was developed. For the fabrication of an amperometric sucrose sensor invertase, mutarotase and glucose oxidase were individually immobilized on S-layer fragments isolated from Clostridium thermohydrosulfuricum L111-69 via aspartic acid as spacer molecules. Subsequently, appropriate mixtures of enzyme loaded S-layer fragments were deposited on a microfiltration membrane and finally, the composite multifunctional sensing layer was sputtered with gold in order to establish a good metal contact. Amperometric sucrose measurements based on H₂O₂ oxidation revealed a high signal level (1 μA^?1/cm^2?mmol sucrose), 5 min response time and a linear range up to 30 mM sucrose as the main characteristics of the S-layer sucrose sensor.     

溶液密度法测定糖水溶液中糖分含量——推荐一个基础化学实验

介绍了一个基础化学实验——溶液密度法测定糖水溶液中糖分含量。该实验通过糖分含量-密度工作曲线测定糖水溶液中的蔗糖含量,并估算饮料中的糖含量。实验涉及多项化学实验基本操作以及作图法等实验技能,推荐作为大一学生的前期实验开设。     

Sucrose radical-production cross-section regarding heavy-ion irradiation

We investigated the sucrose radical-production cross-section induced by heavy-ion irradiation. L-alanine was also used in order to compare radical yield and cross-section. The stable free radicals after irradiation were analyzed by electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR). The radical yield obtained by the irradiated samples had a logarithmic correlation with the LET (linear energy transfer). Quantitative EPR analyses showed that radical productions for sucrose and L-alanine vary both by different particle irradiation and the LET under the same absorbed dose. Furthermore, the cross-sections of radical productions for samples were calculated. Both cross-sections for C ions irradiation under LET 30 keV/microm at 50 Gy dose were approximately 3.0x10(-9) microm(2), taking account of the molecular areas of the samples. The values of the cross-sections imply that multiple ionizing particles involve producing stable radicals.