Tinkering with Mechanochemical Tools for Scale Up

Mechanochemistry provides an environmentally benign platform to develop more sustainable chemical processes by limiting raw materials, energy use, and waste generation while using physically smaller equipment. A continuously growing research community has steadily showcased examples of beneficial mechanochemistry applications at both the laboratory and the preparative scale. In contrast to solution-based chemistry, mechanochemical processes have not yet been standardized, and thus scaling up is still a nascent discipline. The purpose of this Minireview is to highlight similarities, differences and challenges of the various approaches that have been successfully applied for a range of chemical applications at various scales. We hope to provide a discussion starting point for those interested in further developing mechanochemical processes for commercial use and/or industrialisation.     

Mechanochemical Synthesis of Aryl Fluorides by Using Ball Milling and a Piezoelectric Material as the Redox Catalyst

Aryl fluorides are important structural motifs in many pharmaceuticals. Although the Balz–Schiemann reaction provides an entry to aryl fluorides from aryldiazonium tetrafluoroborates, it suffers from drawbacks such as long reaction time, high temperature, toxic solvent, toxic gas release, and low functional group tolerance. Here, we describe a general method for the synthesis of aryl fluorides from aryldiazonium tetrafluoroborates using a piezoelectric material as redox catalyst under ball milling conditions in the presence of Selectfluor. This approach effectively addresses the aforementioned limitations. Furthermore, the piezoelectric material can be recycled multiple times. Mechanistic investigations indicate that this fluorination reaction may proceed via a radical pathway, and Selectfluor plays a dual role as both a source of fluorine and a terminal reductant.     

食品中合成色素快速检测仪器的研制

基于人工合成色素在可见光区的光吸收及偏最小二乘变量筛选法,研制出合成色素速测仪器,并应用于饮料、糖果、果冻、调色酒等食品中合成色素的快速检测.速测仪具有便携、功耗低、操作简便、检测时间短并可同时对多种人工合成色素进行实时现场快速检测、检测结果准确等优点.对样品中5种食用合成色素柠檬黄、日落黄、胭脂红、苋菜红和亮蓝的检测...     

Fast and simple method for the detection and quantification of 15 synthetic dyes in sauce,cotton candy,and pickle by liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry

A simple and sensitive liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) method for the simultaneous determination of 15 illegal dyes (Sudan I, Sudan II, Sudan III, Sudan IV, Sudan Red G, Sudan Orange G, Sudan Red 7B, Para Red, Dimethyl Yellow, Rahodamine B, Sudan Black B, Sudan Red B, Auramine O, Toluidine Red and Orange II) was developed and validated in sauce, cotton candy, and pickle. The samples were extracted with acetonitrile without the use of solid-phase extraction cartridges. Chromatographic separation was achieved on a Zorbax Eclipse Plus C18 column with a flow rate of 500 µL/min at 45 °C, using a gradient elution with A (10 mM ammonium formate in water with 0.1% formic acid) and B (10 mM ammonium formate in acetonitrile (ACN) with 0.1% formic acid) as the mobile phase. The detection was performed on a AB Sciex 6500 Qtrap mass analyzer under multiple reaction monitoring mode. Limit of detection, quantification, linearity, and precision were determined during the validation process. Recoveries ranged from 82% to 119% for all synthetic dyes, in exception to Orange II in cotton candy and pickle, where signal was suppressed due to high matrix interference and poor ionization. This method offers a simple and rapid approach to detect and quantify prohibited dyes in foodstuff that can be utilized in food contaminant laboratories.