Comparison of 87Rb N-resonances for D1 and D2 transitions

We report an experimental comparison of three-photon-absorption resonances (N-resonances) for the D1 and D2 optical transitions of thermal (87)Rb vapor. We find that the D2 N-resonance has better contrast, a broader linewidth, and a more symmetric line shape than the D1 N-resonance. Taken together, these factors imply superior performance for frequency standards operating on alkali D2 N-resonances, in contrast with coherent population trapping resonances, for which the D2 transition provides poorer frequency standard performance than the D1 transition.     

Structure and dynamic response of radiative diffusion flames

Nitrogen-diluted hydrogen burning in air is modeled numerically using a constant density and one-step reaction model in a plane two-dimensional counterflow configuration. An optically thin assumption is used to investigate the effects of radiation on the dynamics, structure, and extinction of diffusion flames. While there exist dual steady-state extinction limits for the 1D radiative flame response, it is found that as the 1D radiative extinction point is approached the 1D low-stretch diffusion flame exhibits oscillatory response, even with sub-unity Lewis number fuel. These radiation-induced limit cycle oscillations are found to have increasing amplitude and decreasing frequency as the stretch rate is reduced. Flame oscillation eventually leads to permanent extinction at the stretch rate which is larger than the steady-state radiative extinction value. Along the 1D radiative response curve, the transition from 1D flame to 2D structure and the differences in the resulting 2D flame patterns are also examined using a variety of initial profiles, with special emphasis on the comparison of using the initial profiles with and without a flame edge. Similar to the previous studies on the high-stretch adiabatic edge flames using the same configuration, the high-stretch radiative flames are found to resist 1D blow-off quenching through various 2D structures, including propagating front and steady cellular flames for initial profiles with and without flame edges. For all initial profiles studied, the low-stretch radiative flames are also found to exhibit different 2D flame phenomena near the 1D radiative extinction limit, such as transient cellular structures, steady cellular structures, and pulsating ignition fronts. Although the results demonstrate the presence of low-stretch and high-stretch 2D bifurcation branches close to the corresponding 1D extinction limits irrespective of the initial profile used, particular 2D flame structures in certain stretch rate range are initial profile dependent. The existence of two-dimensional flame structures beyond the 1D steady-state radiative extinction limit suggests that the flammable range is expanded as compared to that predicted by the 1D model. Hence, multi-dimensional flame patterns need to be accounted for when determining the flammability limits for a given system.     

Arrays of microscopic magnetic traps for cold atoms and their applications in atom optics

A single microscopic magnetic trap for neutral atoms using planar current-carrying wires was proposed and studied theoretically by Weinstein et al.In this paper,we propose three structures of composite current-carrying wires to provide 1D,2D and 3D arrays of microscopic magnetic traps for cold alkali atoms.The spatial distributions of magnetic fields generated by these structures are calculated and the field gradient and curvature in each single microtrap are analysed.Our study shows that arrays of microscopic magnetic traps can be used to provide 1D,2D or 3D atomic magnetic lattices,and even to realize 1D,2D and 3D arrays of magneto-optical traps,and so on.     

Observation of coexistence of 1D and 2D nanostructures in cobalt dipyrromethene trimer complexes adsorbed on a graphite surface

We report the direct observation of 1D and 2D nanostructures of cobalt dipyrromethene trimer complexes adsorbed on a highly oriented pyrolytic graphite surface using scanning tunneling microscopy (STM). STM images showed two types of ordered structures coexisting on the surface: long 1D molecular chains isolated on the terraces, and 2D hexagonal patterns confined by a 1D chain and/or a graphite step edge. These 1D and 2D structures are attributed to ‘edge-on’ and ‘face-on’ complex alignments on the surface, respectively. In both configurations, substrate-mediated molecule-molecule interactions may play a significant role in stabilizing the nanostructures.     

Gradient- and Sensitivity-Enhanced TOCSY Experiments

A pulsed field gradient version of the sensitivity-enhanced 2D TOCSY experiment is proposed which yields high-quality spectra with improved sensitivity and a minimum of two scans pert₁increment. For rapid acquisition of 1D TOCSY spectra, the 1D DPFGSE–TOCSY experiment was modified to include phase-encoded multiple-selective excitation followed by a simple spectral editing. Combination of these two building blocks is used in a sensitivity-enhanced 2D analog of the 3D TOCSY–TOCSY experiment which provides an efficient tool for resolving severely overlapped signals of oligomers in short experimental time.     

One-dimensional and two-dimensional quantum systems on carbon nanotube bundles

We report the first measurement of the structure of 4He atoms adsorbed on bundles of single-walled carbon nanotubes. Neutron diffraction techniques and nanotube samples closed at the end were used. At low coverage, 4He forms a 1D, single line lattice along the grooves between two nanotubes on the surface of the nanotube bundles. As coverage is increased, additional lines of 1D lattices form along the grooves. This is followed by an incommensurate, 2D monolayer covering the whole nanotube bundle surface. The lattice constants of these 1D and 2D systems are largely independent of filling once a single 1D line is formed. No occupation of the interstitial channels between nanotubes is observed in the present sample.     

Nonlinear supersymmetry on the plane in magnetic field and quasi-exactly solvable systems

The nonlinear n-supersymmetry with holomorphic supercharges is investigated for the 2D system describing the motion of a charged spin-1/2 particle in an external magnetic field. The universal algebraic structure underlying the holomorphic n-supersymmetry is found. It is shown that the essential difference of the 2D realization of the holomorphic n-supersymmetry from the 1D case recently analysed by us consists in appearance of the central charge entering non-trivially into the superalgebra. The relation of the 2D holomorphic n-supersymmetry to the 1D quasi-exactly solvable (QES) problems is demonstrated by means of the reduction of the systems with hyperbolic or trigonometric form of the magnetic field. The reduction of the n-supersymmetric system with the polynomial magnetic field results in the family of the one-dimensional QES systems with the sextic potential. Unlike the original 2D holomorphic supersymmetry, the reduced 1D supersymmetry associated with x⁶+⋯ family is characterized by the non-holomorphic supercharges of the special form found by Aoyama et al.     

Diffraction management and sub-diffractive solitons in periodically driven Bose-Einstein condensates

We theoretically investigate the diffraction management in Bose-Einstein condensates (BECs) in one- (1D), two- (2D) and three-dimensional (3D) geometries. The management technique is based on the superposition of harmonic lattices’ potentials moving at a common speed but in different directions, leading to a harmonic spatio-temporal modulation of the potential. In this way a reduction in, and eventually the disappearance of usual diffraction and emergence of fourth-order diffraction are achieved. We show sub-diffractive solitons in such a diffraction managed system and demonstrate their stability in 1D, 2D and 3D. In 2D and 3D cases we investigate diffraction management by lattices of different symmetry, and study their influence on the isotropy of solitons.     

Systematic analysis of D_J(2580), D_J~*(2650), D_J(2740), D_J~*(2760),D_J(3000) and D_J~*(3000) in the D meson family

In this work, we tentatively assign the charmed mesons D J(2580), D*J(2650), D J(2740), D*J(2760),D J(3000) and D*J(3000) observed by the LHCb collaboration according to their spin, parity and masses, then systematically study their strong decays to ground state charmed mesons plus pseudoscalar mesons with the3P0 decay model. Based on these studies, we assign the D*J(2760) as the 1D5/23-state, the D*J(3000) as the 1F5/22+or 1F7/24+state, the D J(3000) as the 1F7/23+or 2P1/21+state in the D meson family. As a byproduct, we also study the strong decays of the states 2P1/20+, 2P3/22+, 3S1/21-, 3S1/20-etc, which will be valuable in searching for the partners of these D mesons.     

Multidimensional solitons: Well-established results and novel findings

A brief review is given of some well-known and some very recent results obtained in studies of two- and three-dimensional (2D and 3D) solitons. Both zero-vorticity (fundamental) solitons and ones carrying vorticity S = 1 are considered. Physical realizations of multidimensional solitons in atomic Bose-Einstein condensates (BECs) and nonlinear optics are briefly discussed too. Unlike 1D solitons, which are typically stable, 2D and 3D ones are vulnerable to instabilities induced by the occurrence of the critical and supercritical collapse, respectively, in the same 2D and 3D models that give rise to the solitons. Vortex solitons are subject to a still stronger splitting instability. For this reason, a central problem is looking for physical settings in which 2D and 3D solitons may be stabilized. The review specifically addresses one well-established topic, viz., the stabilization of the 3D and 2D states, with S = 0 and 1, trapped in harmonic-oscillator (HO) potentials, and another topic which was developed very recently: the stabilization of 2D and 3D free-space solitons, which mix components with S = 0 and ± 1 (semi-vortices and mixed modes), in a binary system with the (pseudo-) spin-orbit coupling (SOC) between its components. The former model is based on the single cubic nonlinear Schrödinger/Gross-Pitaevskii equation (NLSE/GPE), while the latter one is represented by a system of two coupled GPEs. In both cases, the generic situations are drastically different in the 2D and 3D geometries. In the 2D settings, the stabilization mechanism creates a stable ground state (GS, which was absent without it), whose norm falls below the threshold value at which the critical collapse sets in. In the 3D geometry, the supercritical collapse does not allow to create a GS, but metastable solitons can be constructed.     

Pr3+:Y2SiO5中的反斯托克斯荧光谱及其对基态Stark分裂能级的确定

掺杂在晶体Y2 SiO5(YSO)中的Pr3 ,运用脉冲激光激发 3H4 → 1 D2 跃迁 ,粒子通过非辐射能量转移从能级 1 D2 转移到能级 3P0 ,测得了对应于 3P0 → 3H4 跃迁的反斯托克斯荧光光谱 ,由此可确定 3H4 的Stark分裂能级以及 3P0 能级的能量高度。与运用激光激发 3H4 → 1 D2 跃迁 ,通过观察 1 D2 → 3H4 斯托克斯荧光光谱确定3H4 的Stark分裂能级方法相比 ,该过程避免了不同晶点位置中 (Crystallographicsite)Pr3 的 1 D2 能级间的能量转移影响 ,从而具有较高的确定性。同时 ,我们观察了反斯托克斯荧光的时间特性     

Studies on coordination and hydrogen bond intermolecular interaction using 1D & 2D FTIR spectroscopy

Two-dimensional (2D) correlation spectroscopy is a powerful method to study the intermolecular interactions between different molecules/functional groups. In the present paper, variable concentrations were selected to construct 2D synchronous spectrum for studying the weak intermolecular interactions in solutions. Mathematical analysis performed on 2D synchronous spectra using variable concentration as an external perturbation shows that the "Orthogonal Sample Design Scheme" is necessary for eliminating the interfering cross peaks in 2D synchronous spectra. The authors prepared four mixed-solutes-solutions whose concentration series satisfy the "Orthogonal Sample Design Scheme" for each chemical system and the consequent 2D synchronous spectrum was calculated from the corresponding four 1D spectra. Thus, by 1D & 2D FTIR spectra together with solid grinding reaction, the intermolecular interactions in two chemical systems (Sodium 2-Aminobenzoate/NdCl3 in aqueous solution, and 2-ethylhexyl phosphonic acid mono 2-ethylhexyl ester (PC88A)/Naphthenic Acid (NA) in heptane solution) were studied, where the intermolecular interactions only induce subtle spectral variations in conventional 1D spectra. First, the cross peaks between f-f transition bands of Nd3+ ion at 521, 574, 741, 795 and 865 nm and pi-pi transition band of Sodium 2-Aminobenzoate at 308 nm in 2D synchronous spectrum confirm the coordination interaction between Sodium 2-Aminobenzoate and Nd3+. Solid grinding reaction between Sodium 2-Aminobenzoate and NdCl3 and FTIR spectra of the product indicate that the vibration bands of amino, carboxyl groups from sodium 2-aminobenzoate show considerable changes. Based on the spectral result above, a conclusion is drawn that Nd3+ can coordinate with Sodium 2-Aminobenzoate by amino and carboxyl groups. Second, the cross peaks between POH stretching band of PC88A at 983 cm(-1) and COOH stretching band of NA at 1 710 cm(-1) in 2D spectra confirm the interaction between PC88A and NA. Subtraction spectrum demonstrates that when PC88A is mixed with NA in heptane solution, and P=O stretching band of PC88A shifts from 1 199 to 1161 cm(-1), and POH stretching band shifts from 983 to 965 cm(-1). Based on the spectral result above, a conclusion was made that PC88A and NA can interact with each other by forming new assemblies with POH and COOH groups.     

2-三苯基锗基乙基苯基酮、4-三氯锗基-4-甲基-2-戊酮及其类似物Raman及IR光谱

我们合成有机锗化合物的重要中间体 4-三氯锗基 - 4-甲基 - 2 -戊酮 ( A)、3-三氯锗基 -3,5,5-三甲基环己酮 ( B)、2 -三氯锗基 - 2 -苯基乙基苯基酮 ( C)、2 -三苯基锗基乙基苯基酮 ( D) ,测量了他们的 Raman和 IR光谱并进行了讨论。在化合物 A- D的 Raman和 IR光谱 ,苯环中的 C- H伸缩振动 ,饱和 C- H伸缩振动 ,饱和 Ge- C伸缩振动等特征数据基本一致。C=O伸缩振动在 Raman和 IR光谱中位置基本一致 ,但在红外光谱中均为强吸收带 ,而在 Raman光谱中的峰强度差别则非常大 ,化合物 A、D的峰非常弱 ,而 C的峰则很强 ,化合物 A- C的 Ge- Cl振动均在 390 cm- 1附近出现强峰。     

Data page reconstruction method based on two-dimensional soft output Viterbi algorithm with self reference for holographic data storage

This study introduces a two-dimensional (2D) partial response maximum likelihood (PRML) method to reconstruct a degraded data page having 2D inter-symbol interference for holographic data storage. The proposed 2D PRML method consists of 2D partial response (PR) target, 2D equalizer using least mean square algorithm, and 2D soft output Viterbi algorithm (SOVA) having just two one-dimensional (1D) SOVAs in horizontal and vertical directions. To accurately organize a trellis diagram of the 1D SOVA in structural accordance with the 2D PR target, this study proposes the self-reference process for the extrinsic information in the 1D SOVA. Finally, simulation results show that the proposed method has bit error rate performance similar to that of modified 2D SOVA having four 1D SOVAs despite the relatively low computational complexity. Moreover, parallel processing is possible in the two 1D SOVAs through the self-reference process.     

Magnetic properties of large-area one-dimensional WO2 and MoO2 nanorods

Large-area one-dimensional (1D) monoclinic WO₂ and MoO₂ nanorods in the space group P2₁/c were synthesized by reactive thermal evaporation. The as-synthesized 1D WO₂ and MoO₂ nanorods become soft magnetic materials at 10 K, implying that structural or magnetic transitions occur. There are large differences in saturation magnetization, the coercive field, and remanence between the 1D WO₂ and MoO₂ nanorods, although both 1D nanorods have a similar shape.     

基于JASMIN框架的辐射流体与粒子输运耦合计算

基于JASMIN框架的"联邦计算",将两个串行程序辐射流体RH2D与粒子输运Sn2D作为独立"邦元"耦合连接,形成的集成程序RHSn2D可以采用数千处理器并行模拟多物理耦合问题.集成程序RHSn2D中的邦元具有各自独立的网格划分与并行算法,同时借助框架技术,可以屏蔽邦元间的并行数据传递.算例表明,对于应用问题规模(90 720个网格单元,辐射流体100个Patch,粒子输运2 835个Patch,Sn方向48,16群),集成程序RHSn2D采用1 024个处理器可以达到36%的并行效率.     

2—三苯基锗基乙基苯基酮,4—三氯锗基—4—甲基—2—戊酮及其类似？…

我们合成有机锗化合物的理要中间体４－三氯锗基－４－甲基－２－戊酮（Ａ）、３－三氯锗基－３,５,５－三甲基环已酮（Ｂ）、２－三氯锗基－２－苯基乙基苯基酮（Ｃ）、２－三苯基锗基乙基苯基酮（Ｄ）,没测量了他们的Ｒａｍａｍ和ＩＲ光谱半进行了讨论。在化合物Ａ－Ｄ的Ｒａｍａｍ和ＩＲ光谱,苯环中的Ｃ－Ｈ伸缩振动,饱和Ｃ－Ｈ伸缩振动,饱和Ｇｅ－Ｃ伸缩振动等特征数据基本一致。Ｃ＝０伸缩振动在Ｒａｍａｍ和ＩＲ光谱中位     

Observation of the D1(2420)-->Dpi + pi- decays

We report on the first observation of D0/1(2420)-->D0pi- pi+ and D+/1(2420-->D+ pi- pi+ decays (where the contribution from the dominant known D1-->D*pi decay mode is excluded) in the B- -->D0/1pi-) and (-)B0-->D+/1pi- decays, respectively. The observation is based on 15.2 x 10(7) B(-)B events collected with the Belle detector at the KEKB collider. We also set 90% confidence level upper limits for the branching fractions of the four following decays: B- -->D0/1pi-, D01-->D(*0)pi- pi+, (-)B0-->D+/1pi-, D+/1-->D(*+) pi- pi+, B- -->D(*0)2(2460)pi-, D(*0)2 -->D(*0) pi- pi+, (-)B0-->D(*+)2(2460)pi-, D(*+)2-->D(*+)pi- pi+.     

Schematic models for fragmentation of brittle solids in one and two dimensions

Stochastic models for the development of cracks in 1D and 2D objects are presented. In one dimension, we focus on particular scenarios for interacting fragments (IF1) and non-interacting fragments (NIF1) during the breakup process. For 2D objects, we consider only NIF1, but analyze isotropic and anisotropic development of fissures. Analytical results are given for many observables. Power-law size distributions are predicted for some of the fragmentation pictures considered.