煤中矿物质对其半焦反应活性的影响

本工作考察了大同煤、神木煤、蔚县煤镜质组酸洗前后半焦反应活性的变化。煤酸洗后灰分的失去导致了半焦反应活性的降低。煤种不同,制焦条件不同,矿物质在半焦中的分布形式及存在状态不同,对半焦反应的催化能力也不同。煤种不同,煤中矿物质对半焦活化能的影响彼此不同。在整个反应历程中,具有催化作用的矿物质对半焦活化能的影响并不是恒定的。煤酸洗后半焦反应活性的降低是活化能和指前因子共同变化的结果。     

成灰温度对准东煤灰理化特性影响的实验研究

将3种新疆准东煤和4种对比煤种在不同温度下制灰,研究了成灰温度对灰理化特性的影响,并分析了准东煤的积灰结渣特性。研究表明:灰分量、灰成分、灰熔融性、灰挥发特性均与成灰温度密切相关,成灰温度过高会导致碱金属挥发,过低则灰中含有可燃成分。过高或过低的成灰温度均不能准确反映准东煤灰的理化特性,655℃成灰温度比较适合准东煤.提出了采用ST与碱金属含量相结合的结渣判定方法,提高了准东煤结渣判别的准确性.     

煤的热天平燃烧反应动力学特性的研究

采用热天平获得同一种煤在不同升温速率下的TG、DTG曲线,可求出燃烧速率、燃烧温度随燃烬度的变化曲线,根据两个不同升温速率下的数据,可计算出化学动力学参数活化能和指前因子随燃烬度的变化曲线。根据实验数据计算得到四个煤种的反应动力学参数随燃烬度变化的曲线,并预测其中一种煤在第三个升温速率下的燃烧速率随燃烬度的变化曲线,计算结果与实验结果符合较好。用此模型预测了在不同的恒定温度下试验煤种的煤粉燃烧速率随燃烬度的变化趋势。     

半焦加压燃烧特性研究

本文在自行研制的加压热重分析仪上对气化半焦的加压燃烧特性进行了较为系统的研究。讨论了五种半焦在不 同压力、不同粒径条件下的TG—DTG曲线,并对它们加以比较。分析了半焦种类、总压和试样粒径对最大失重速率、最 大失重峰温度、燃尽时间、燃尽温度等的影响,并使用平均质量反应性指数对半焦反应性加以评价。     

压力对煤粒燃烬时间影响的研究

一、前言近年来国内外均在发展煤的加压燃烧技术。但是加压条件下煤的燃烧特性可供参考的数据很少,国内还是一片空白。本文介绍了一种加压燃烧炉的研制、调试和实验方法;测定了不同压力下煤粒燃烧过程中的温度变化曲线(T-t);得到了压力对煤的燃烬时间的影响规律;用煤粒表面扩散燃烧模型计算了不同压力下煤粒的燃烬时间,计算结果与实验结果符合得很好。     

挥发分组成及其析出过程对煤的着火特性的影响

一、引言 目前,在利用热分析法研究煤的热力特性方面,重点是研究TGA、DTA、DTGA三条曲线,从中归纳出反映煤质特性的指标,如T_i、W_c、E、C、D、S,据此判别煤的热力特性的优劣。以往的试验结果表明,着火温度T_i基本上随挥发分增多而降低。但也有些挥发分含量相近的煤种,T_i和燃烧速度(dW/dτ)_(max)却有较大的差别。这说明仅     

高钙煤的成灰特性研究

神木煤的含钙量较高,使得燃烧后煤灰中氧化钙含量也很高.研究高钙煤的成灰特性,以分析在何种工况下燃烧产生的煤灰更适于作为脱硫剂使用.选取1000℃和1100℃两个燃烧温度,各温度下分别通入的4种不同气氛组织燃烧,燃烧完全后对煤灰的物理特性进行研究.研究发现随着燃烧气氛中氧气质量浓度的增加,煤灰颗粒的尺寸逐渐减小,孔隙结构逐渐疏松.当燃烧温度升高时,所得煤灰颗粒的尺寸减小,孔隙结构变得致密.     

O_2/CO_2气氛燃煤半焦孔隙特性分析

在沉降炉上制备了不同燃烧气氛、不同燃尽程度的半焦,采用低温氮吸附仪和扫描电子显微镜测定了其孔隙结构和表面形态.结果表明,所取的半焦试样均具有完整且连续的孔结构体系;但在相同的操作条件下,O_2/CO_2气氛下半焦试样的孔结构参数及其分形维数均小于相同O_2浓度的O_2/N_2气氛下的情况;两种气氛下煤焦的燃尽过程中,孔隙结构参数(S_(BET)、V_(BJH)和d_(pore))随燃尽率的增加均呈减小趋势;SEM图像的定性分析结果与N_2吸附的定量测量吻合较好.研究结果为深入认识O_2/CO_2气氛下煤粉的孔隙结构与其燃烧特性的关系提供了基础.     

一类煤与天然气互补利用的新型发电系统

提出一种新型发电系统,通过煤和天然气的互补利用来减少能量转化过程的不可逆损失。煤气化炉采用空气和水蒸气做氧化剂,碳转化率约为60%,未转化部分形成半焦,半焦燃烧释放的热量驱动天然气重整反应,制取合成气。煤部分气化所得气化煤气和半焦燃烧驱动天然气重整所得合成气混合,作为联合循环的燃料。结果显示,新系统的热效率为51.5%,效率为50.3%,天然气折合发电效率为61%。新系统为高效合理利用煤和天然气提供了一种新途径。     

水煤浆在沸腾床内燃烧过程的初步研究

本文介绍了对于水煤浆在沸腾床内燃烧过程的初步实验研究结果。实验表明水煤浆在沸腾床内的凝聚、结团特性,使得燃烧过程中的飞灰可燃物损失可以被控制得很低,因而其燃烧效率可达很高的水平,高于同煤种的干煤粒。实验还表明采用所提出的异重度床料沸腾燃烧的方案可以成功地消除凝聚、结团造成的大颗粒沉积现象,实现稳定地运行。燃用水煤浆的沸腾床与普通燃煤沸腾床相比还有NO_x排放量低和易于脱硫等优点,因此是一项有发展前途的新技术。     

Mathematical models of microwave heating of a coal mass with release of absorbed energy by the heat radiation law

Innovation development of coal power engineering, besides qualitative improvement of traditional technologies, should be based also on invoking novel methods and means both in preparation and efficient combustion of coal and for reduction of toxic emissions. The most activating action on coal fuel is provided by microwave radiation. A microwave field intensifies energy-consuming processes such as drying of coal, its dispersion, removal of impurities, qualitative heating, combustion with improved ecological characteristics, etc. Base information for development of microwave technologies in coal power engineering is a temperature field. In this paper we study approximately analytically a mathematical model of flat coal mass heating when the heat release source, due to absorption of microwave energy, obeys the Bouguer law. A specific feature of this model is the presence of nonlinearity caused by dissipation of energy from the mass surface due to heat radiation. The obtained dependences on the temperature field are the base for calculation of ignition and burnout of coal substance, search for the optimal microwave regimes, estimation of thermal destruction parameters, etc. The present paper is a continuation of authors’ publication in this journal [1].     

煤粉的煤岩和燃烧特性研究

本文根据燃烧特性的差别将阳泉无烟煤分为不同比重段的样品,并分别进行了岩相成分和化学成分分析,而后通过沉降炉实验测定了这些样品的反应动力学参数．此外,本文还采用数值计算的方法得到了沉降炉内的气相流场、温度场和颗粒停留时间,提高了数据处理的精确性,并重新整理了神木烟煤和西山贫煤的反应动力学数据．     

煤焦燃烧反应动力学的通用规律研究

本文提出了有关煤焦燃烧反应动力学的新思想，即认为煤焦反应动力学参数Ｅ（活化能）与煤质无关，它只是煤焦温度的函数；但其反应频率因子ｋ０，ｃｈ与煤质有密切关系。本文中首次给出了煤焦燃烧反应动力学参数Ｅ／ｋ０，ｃｈ与煤的工业分析基值的通用关系。这样可以根据煤质的工业分析基值，就可获得一确定的Ｅ／ｋ０，ｃｈ值。从而避免了前人关于Ｅ／ｋ０，ｃｈ值与煤质无通用关系的状况。本文还揭示了反应频率因子不仅与煤质有关，而且还与其燃烧状态有关的物理本质，并给出了它们之间的定量关系。     

The fluorescence interference in Raman spectrum of raw coals and its application for evaluating coal property and combustion characteristics

Fluorescence interference in Raman spectrum is a big barrier for rapid and precise analysis of coal structures by Raman spectroscopy. Dealing with fluorescence interference suitably is one of the key tasks before efficient application of Raman spectroscopy in coal assessment. In this study, Raman spectra and coal combustion characteristics of 32 kinds of Chinese coals were respectively obtained in a micro-Raman spectrometer and Thermal Gravimetric Analyzer. The degree of fluorescence interference in Raman spectrum was firstly defined and quantified as the drift coefficient α using a simple method without curve-fitting the spectrum. The correlations between the degree of fluorescence interference and coal property, coal combustion characteristics were set up and multivariable analysis was done. The results indicate that the degree of fluorescence interference is well related to the coal structures, and it is synthetically determined by volatile, moisture and ash content in coal. With the increase of volatile, moisture content in coal, the fluorescence interference increases continuously, and it can be reduced but not eliminated by drying the moisture in coals. Significant mathematical relations between the drift coefficient α and volatile, moisture content, coal combustion characteristic temperatures have been found. Coal with more evident fluorescence interference in Raman spectrum usually has lower degree of coalification, more polar functional groups, and burns at a lower temperature. The drift coefficient α can act as an efficient probe for coal property and coal combustion characteristics. This study provided a new and simple approach for evaluating coal property and coal combustion characteristics by fluorescence interference in Raman spectrum.     

Oxidation and Self-Reaction of Carboxyl Groups During Coal Spontaneous Combustion

Carboxyl groups play an important role during the development of coal self-heating. The real-time changing characteristics of carboxyl groups were obtained using an in situ Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy method. They are significantly influenced by reaction atmospheres. Under dry-air atmosphere, their quantity obviously decreases before reaching 120°C and then increases with temperature rise. Under oxygen-free atmosphere, it decreases before reaching 80°C and then increases with temperature rise. In contrast with direct oxidation process, the quantity of carboxyl groups is smaller and the decrease phenomenon at the beginning almost disappears during the oxidation process following oxygen-free reaction. The results indicate that the carboxyl groups have different reaction pathways during coal self-heating. These pathways can be divided into two kinds, that is, oxidation pathways and self-reaction pathways. The study proposed the reaction sequences of carboxyl groups during coal self-heating, which are helpful for revealing the mechanism of coal spontaneous combustion.     

Char characteristics and particulate matter formation during Chinese bituminous coal combustion

The characteristics of char particles and their effects on the emission of particulate matter (PM) from the combustion of a Chinese bituminous coal were studied in a laboratory-scale drop tube furnace. The raw coal was pulverized and divided into three sizes, <63, 63–100, and 100–200 μm. These coal samples were subjected to pyrolysis in N₂ and combusted in 20 and 50% O₂ at 1373, 1523, and 1673 K, respectively. Char samples were obtained by glass fiber filters with a pore size of 0.3 μm, and combustion-derived PM was size-segregated by a low pressure impactor (LPI) into different sizes ranging from 10.0 to 0.3 μm. The characteristics of char particles, including particle size distribution, surface area, pore size distribution, swelling behavior and morphology property, were studied. The results show that, coal particle size and pyrolysis temperature have significant influence on the char characteristics. The swelling ratios of char samples increase with temperature increasing from 1373 to 1523 K, then decrease when the temperature further increases to 1623 K. At the same temperature, the swelling ratios of the three size fractions are markedly different. The finer the particle size, the higher the swelling ratio. The decrease of swelling ratio at high temperature is mainly attributed to the high heating rate, but char fragmentation at high temperature may also account for the decrease of swelling ratio. The supermicron particles (1–10 μm) are primarily spherical, and most of them have smooth surfaces. Decreasing coal particle size and increasing the oxygen concentration lead to more supermicron-sized PM formation. The influence of combustion temperature on supermicron-sized PM emission greatly depends on the oxygen concentration.     

涡旋燃烧炉流动、传热和燃烧特性的研究

本文应用强旋湍流气一固两相流动和煤粉燃烧的数学模型，对新型涡旋燃烧炉内的流动、传热和燃烧过程进行了系统的模拟和分析，得到了与实验相符合的结果。结果表明，涡旋燃烧炉内的湍流空气动力场分布具有强旋、回流和正在发展流的特点。水冷壁总吸热量随燃烧热负荷的增大成比例地增加。煤粉颗粒在炉内的平均停留时间随初始粒径的增大而加长。炉内可实现煤粉的低温、强旋、高效率和高强度燃烧。     

In-situ observation of the combustion of air-dried and wet Victorian brown coal

This work investigates the fundamental and practical implications of the application of drying technologies to Victorian brown coal combustion. The base case of 60% moisture content coal preheated prior to combustion is compared with partially dried coal (with or without pre-heating) and coal dried to equilibrium moisture content (10–15%). Pulverised coal was combusted in a drop tube furnace and in-situ observations of combustion phenomena, particle temperature and gas temperature were made. An ignition delay was found to occur when partially dried coal was combusted without pre-heating. Flame stability was also decreased when wet coal was combusted without pre-heating. No ignition delay was observed when the water in coal was heated prior to entering the furnace, as in current boilers. The peak particle temperature was found to be higher than the wall temperature by around 130 °C for dried coal, 80 °C for preheated wet coal and 40 °C for non-preheated partially dried coal. The gas temperature profile in the furnace was measured and found to lag behind the particle temperature peak. It was concluded that the evolution and evaporation of water in the wet case lead to an ignition delay, cooler peak particle temperatures and prolonged char combustion. The difference in particle temperatures between preheated wet coal and dried coal and the gas temperature behaviour was attributed to the steam gasification reaction, although studies to elucidate reasons for the differences are ongoing. The quantified results on ignition delay and particle temperatures have important implications for the design of new technologies, in particular the boilers and feed size preparation, for power generation from high-moisture brown coals.     

旋流对煤粉燃烧NO排放影响的数值模拟

本文用基于HCN释放的简化Solomon模型的NO生成湍流反应的统一二阶矩代数模型(AUSM)和煤粉燃烧的双流体模型,对不同旋流数下煤粉燃烧器内两相流动,煤粉燃烧和NO生成进行了数值模拟。模拟结果和文献中实验结果符合很好。模拟结果指出,随着旋流数的增加,NO的排放先减少后增加,燃尽率先增加后减小,和气体燃烧中得到的规律类似。