Plasma polymerization of cyano compounds

Plasma polymerizations of three cyano compounds—acrylonitrile (AN), 1,2-dicyanoethylene (FN), and tetracyanoethylene (TCE)—were investigated by FT IR and XPS, and the transforamtion of cyano groups during the plasma polymerization was discussed. The results pointed out an aspect of the preparation of plasma films with cyano groups. Plasma polymerizations of AN, FN, and TCE deposited brown or dark brown films that contained carbon, nitrogen, and oxygen. The elemental composition of the plasma films, especially N/C atomic ratio, showed a monomer dependence but no rf power dependence. The plasma films contained amide and amino groups, and ketene-imine and conjugated — C = N — structures as well as cyano groups as nitrogen functionalities, and carbonyl and carboxyl groups as oxygen functionalities. For the preparation of plasma films with cyano groups, compounds with more than two cyano groups themselves are not suitable as monomers. The operation of plasma polymerization under mild plasma conditions at low rf power and in no oxygen atmosphere is favorable for the preparation of plasma films with cyano groups. © 1992 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.     

A study on the plasma polymerization of some cyano-containing compounds and their electrical properties

Plasma polymerization of some cyano-containing organic compounds was carried out at 13.56 MHz from the gas phase. The resulting polymer films were smooth and pinhole free. The electrical conductivities of the polymer films varied from 10^?12 to 10^?7 S cm^?1 depending upon which cyano-containing monomer was used. The Al/polymer film/ITO (indium-tin oxide) sandwich cells made from the films demonstrated a photovoltaic effect, and some of them showed good rectifying behavior. Infrared spectroscopy (IR) and ultraviolet spectroscopy (UV) were utilized to characterize the structure of the product polymers. The effects of the original structure in the starting monomers on the structure of the resulting polymers are investigated. The influence of incident light intensity on the photovoltaic characteristics was also investigated.     

Plasma polymerization of trifluoromethyl substituted aromatic compounds

Thin film coatings were prepared by polymerizing trifluoromethyl-substituted aromatic compounds in a glow discharge with low power levels and medium pressures. Smooth, continuous films which are adherent and insoluble in conventional solvents were produced. A significant amount of the fluorine content from the monomer was retained in the polymer. The trifluoromethyl group was not removed by the plasma conditions and appeared in the film as trifluoromethyl and difluoromethylene groups. The films were slightly less wettable than those of the unfluorinated films.     

Solubilization of organic compounds by arginine-derived polymers

Poor aqueous solubility of drugs is one of the major challenges in the pharmaceutical science. In this study, a guanidinium-containing polymer based on arginine was designed and synthesized, and was evaluated as a solubility enhancing additive for three model organic compounds (coumarin, pyrene and doxorubicin). At a guanidinium group concentration of 100 mmol/L, the polymer could significantly increase the solubility of pyrene and doxorubicin by 6-and 11-fold respectively, much more effective than arginine (2-and 3-fold, respectively). In contrast, its effect on the solubility of coumarin was less effective than arginine. The solubilizing effect may be explained by the enhanced interaction between the guanidinium group in the polymer and the aromatic compounds.     

有机钼, 钨化合物研究IV:新的环烯开环聚合催化体系及聚合物性质的初步研究

本文报道以M(CO)6和CHnX4-n(M-Mo,W;n=1,0;X=Cl,Br)这类体系在光照下对环烯的开环聚合催化作用. 发现该体系能有效地对2,3-二氢吡喃, 环戊烯和环己烯开环聚合, 对α-蒎烯也具有一定的开环聚合催化作用. 研究了光照条件, 催化剂用量,聚合温度和时间, 以及其它条件对聚合反应的影响. 并对此催化体系开环聚合的催化机理进行了初步讨论.     

Thermodynamic properties of organic compounds

By employing calorimetric and cryometric methods, the melting total and the premelting enthalpies of stearic acid were measured and the phase diagrams of the solid-liquid equilibria stearic acid +A (whereA is an aromatic compound or a dicarboxylic acid or I₂) were determined.

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Zusammenfassung Die Gesamt-Schmelz-Enthalpie und die Vor-Schmelz-Enthalpie der Stearinsäure werden unter Anwendung kalorimetrischer und kryometrischer Methoden gemessen und die Phasendiagramme der festflüssigen Gleichgewichte von Stearinsäure+A (wobeiA eine aromatische Verbindung oder eine Dicarbonsäure oder I₂ ist) bestimmt.

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Résumé Mesure de l'enthalpie totale de fusion de l'acide stéarique, ainsi que de celle de pré-fusion, par calorimétrie et cryométrie. Etablissement des diagrammes de phases pour les équilibres solide-liquide du système acide stéarique +A;A désignant un composé aromatique ou un acide dicarboxylique ou I[in2].

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- + ( . I₂).

     

Thermodynamic properties of organic compounds

Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry - Calorimetric and cryometric methods were employed to measure the enthalpy and entropy of fusion of caprylamide and stearamide.     

Some aspects of plasma polymerization of fluorine-containing organic compounds

The polymerization of perfluorocarbons and fluorohydrocarbons was investigated by using both continuous and pulsed rf discharge (100 μsec on and 900 μsec off). Plasma polymerization of perfluorocarbons is generally slower than that of hydrocarbons, which seems to be due to the absence of contribution of fluorine detachment to the plasma polymerization. Presence of multiple bond(s) or cyclic structure in a monomer is necessary to obtain high enough polymerization; however, the plasma polymerization mechanism postulated to plasma polymerization of hydrocarbons is still valid to these monomers. Cyclic structure is very effective to enhance the plasma polymerization capability of perfluorocarbons. Saturated straight-chain perfluorocarbons do not polymerize well in plasma, but the grafting of fluorine-containing functions on the surface of polymeric substrate can be achieved by the plasma of these compounds. The effect of pulse on the plasma polymerization was found to be similar to that found for hydrocarbons.     

The synthesis of some mercury organic compounds

Summary We have synthesized diallylmercury, di-o-anisyl mercury, di-m-flurophenyl mercury, di-m- and di-p-chlorophenyl mercury, di-o-carbomethoxyphenyl mercury, and m-fluorophenyl mercuric bromide.Translated from Izvestiya Akademii Nauk SSSR, Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 5, pp. 924–925, May, 1965 Original article submitted August 13, 1964     

Thin-layer chromatography of some organic selenium compounds

The thin-layer chromatographic behavior on silica gel and consequent rapid separation of some selenopyran derivatives together with some intermediates of their synthesis are described. The compounds examined were selenochrom-4-one, selenochroman-4-ol, 2-nitrobenzyl phenyl selenide, 2-aminobenzyl phenyl selenide, and 6H-dibenzo[b,d]selenopyran. The chromatographic results show that it is possible to obtain rapid separations with small amounts (μg) of substance by a simple monodimensional technique using a two-component eluting solvent.     

Optical crystallographic properties of organic compounds

Summary The optical crystallographic properties of coumarin (I), salicylanilide, chlorothymol, and neocinchophen, all used in medicine or related fields, have been determined. These constants are useful in the identification of these compounds. It has been shown that both, chlorothymol and thymol, can be identified in mixtures of these two substances. Salicylanilide shows very strong negative birefringence, whereas coumarin and chlorothymol both show strong and moderately strong positive birefringence, respectively.

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Zusammenfassung Die kristalloptischen Eigenschaften von Cumarin (I), Salioylanilid, Chlorthymol und Neocinchophen, vier Verbindungen, die medizinisch von Interesse sind, wurden bestimmt. Die optischen Konstanten sind für die Erkennung dieser Substanzen nützlich und es wird darauf hingewiesen, daß Chlorthymol und Thymol in Mischungen dieser beiden Verbindungen erkannt werden können. Salicylanilid zeigt sehr starke negative Doppelbrechung, während Cumarin (I) und Chlorthymol stark bzw. mittelmäßig stark positiv doppelbrechend sind.

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Résumé On a déterminé les propriétés cristallographiques optiques de la coumarine (I), de la salicylanilide, du chlorothymol et du néocinchophène, produits employés en médecine. Ces constantes sont utiles pour l'identification de 764 R. N. Castle: Optical Crystallographic Properties of Organic Compounds. ces composés. On a montré que le thymol et le chlorothymol peuvent être identifiés dans les mélanges contenant ces deux substances. La salicylanilide possède une biréfringence négative très forte, tandis que la coumarine et le chlorothymol possèdent respectivement, une biréfringence positive forte et moyenne.

     

Structure of some organic compounds containing tin and phosphorus

Summary On the basis of Malatesta's results and of our confirmatory experiments, it must be considered that the organic compounds of tine and phosphorus under consideration are esters of phosphorus acids in which tine is linked to phosphorus through oxygen.     

Stereospecific polymerization of methacrylonitrile. II. Influence of polymerization conditions on polymerization and on properties of polymers

Stereospecific polymerization of methacrylonitrile with diethylmagnesium has been studied. Polymerization temperature has an important effect on polymerization. The conversion, stereoregularity, and intrinsic viscosity of the polymer increased significantly with increasing polymerization temperature. Stereoregularity of the polymer improved with increasing the polymerization time and the monomer concentration, but it is independent of the catalyst concentration. Intrinsic viscosity of the crystalline polymer increased with increasing monomer concentration but is independent of the polymerization time and the catalyst concentration. It is suggested that two mechanisms are involved in this polymerization: coordinated anionic polymerization to from the crystalline polymer, and probably conventional anionic polymerization to form the amorphous polymer. It is found that crystalline polymer can also be obtained in homogeneous phase such as in tetrahydrofuran solvent.     

Magnetic properties of some aromatic compounds

The effect of hydrogen bonds on the anisotropy of the diamagnetic susceptibility of 2-amino-3-methyl-benzoic acid, 2-hydroxy-3-methylbenzoic acid and o-aminobenzoic acid has been studied. From measured values of the crystal susceptibilities and molecular orientations, the principal molecular susceptibilities have been calculated. The observed anisotropics are interpreted in the light of the hydrogen bonding of these molecules.     

Mesophase structure and some properties of liquid-crystalline organoelement polymers

The structure and physico-mechanical properties of polyphosphazene, poly(trimethylvinylsilane) and blends of polyphosphazene with polyethylene were studied. It was shown that these organoelement homopolymers form mesophase structure which can be described as condis-crystal, and mesophase polymers are effective modifiers when mixed as blends with polyethylene, allowing to make processing more effective and obtain composites with improved mechanical properties.