高速铁路长隧道压缩波波前变形规律分析

高速列车进入隧道时产生的压缩波在长隧道中传播时会产生波前变形,即波前压力梯度发生变化。线路测量和学者的研究表明,隧道出口处微气压波的强度与压缩波波前压力梯度最大值成正比,而微气压波的大小又与隧道出口的爆破音直接相关,因此有必要研究压缩波在长隧道中传播时的波前变形规律。采用计算流体力学三维动态仿真计算方法,对长隧道内压缩波的生成和传播过程进行研究。证明了压缩波的波前变形不仅与初始压缩波生成时的惯性运动和气体摩擦相关,而且与列车在隧道中的运动相关,即列车运动产生的能量输入会影响压缩波波前的变形。通过多工况计算,获得了隧道内压力梯度的最大值及其出现位置与列车速度和隧道阻塞比之间的变化规律。     

高速铁路长隧道压缩波波前变形规律分析

高速列车进入隧道时产生的压缩波在长隧道中传播时会产生波前变形,即波前压力梯度发生变化。线路测量和学者的研究表明,隧道出口处微气压波的强度与压缩波波前压力梯度最大值成正比,而微气压波的大小又与隧道出口的爆破音直接相关,因此有必要研究压缩波在长隧道中传播时的波前变形规律。采用计算流体力学三维动态仿真计算方法,对长隧道内压缩波的生成和传播过程进行研究。证明了压缩波的波前变形不仅与初始压缩波生成时的惯性运动和气体摩擦相关,而且与列车在隧道中的运动相关,即列车运动产生的能量输入会影响压缩波波前的变形。通过多工况计算,获得了隧道内压力梯度的最大值及其出现位置与列车速度和隧道阻塞比之间的变化规律。     

高速列车进隧道时编组长度对压力波最大值的影响研究

高速列车通过隧道时,隧道内空气会产生较大的压力波动,对列车行车安全、车辆结构以及乘客舒适度造成影响。为研究高速列车进隧道时压力波与列车编组长度的关系,开展了高速列车进隧道压力波特性的CFD仿真分析。采用求解低速流动的压力修正算法求解RANS方程,湍流模型采用可实现k-ε模型。首先,通过与动模型实验监测的压力波对比,验证了数值模型的准确性。随后,对高速列车不同编组进隧道的情况进行了仿真计算,通过监测隧道壁和车体表面压力波随时间的变化,得到压力波大小与编组长度之间的关系。计算结果表明,随着编组长度增大,压力波幅值也增大,且由车身与隧道内空气摩擦引起的压力波幅值增量与编组长度呈线性关系。在此基础上,改进了预测列车进隧道最大压力波的经验公式,考虑了编组长度对压力波的贡献,预测结果更加准确。     

高速列车隧道初始压缩波的动模型实验研究1)

利用动模型实验方法,主要研究列车头型横截面变化对初始压缩波的影响。结果表明,在列车最大横截面积和流线型部分长度相同的情况下,列车头部流线型部分的平均横截面积和截面变化率均会对初始压缩波的压力峰值产生影响,平均横截面积决定了初始压缩波形成时的强度大小,截面变化率则通过影响初始压缩波的压力梯度,决定在隧道传播过程中初始压缩波压力峰值的衰减程度。     

高速列车隧道初始压缩波的动模型实验研究

利用动模型实验方法,主要研究列车头型横截面变化对初始压缩波的影响。结果表明,在列车最大横截面积和流线型部分长度相同的情况下,列车头部流线型部分的平均横截面积和截面变化率均会对初始压缩波的压力峰值产生影响,平均横截面积决定了初始压缩波形成时的强度大小,截面变化率则通过影响初始压缩波的压力梯度,决定在隧道传播过程中初始压缩波压力峰值的衰减程度。     

基于传质现象的高速铁路隧道入口压缩波数值分析

基于一维可压缩非定常不等熵流动理论,认为隧道内空气流通截面是流动时间和流动距离的二元函数,考虑了空气与隧道壁和列车壁之间的摩擦和传热效应,采用广义黎曼特征线法,对高速列车进入存在传质现象的等截面缓冲罩隧道引起的入口压缩波进行了数值计算。另外进行了不同缓冲罩参数的计算,并且对计算结果进行了定性与定量分析,结果说明了相关的空气动力学效应。     

高速列车近尾流区湍流涡旋的数值计算及动力学讨论

主要针对缩尺比例1:30的高速动车组空气动力学模型的近尾流区域流场进行数值模拟,分析讨论了湍动能和湍流能量的产生,得到以下结论:对应于各展向位置的湍动能沿流向的变化规律与近尾流区涡旋结构携带能量的展向外移现象有关;在尾车鼻端附近,湍流涡旋具有显著的湍动能,并且各方向上的能量分量具有相同的量级,反映出湍流涡旋是高度三维的流动结构;靠近尾车鼻端的近尾流区湍流涡旋具有较强的从平均流动中提取能量的能力,并且结果表明,来自于车体底面和侧面的剪切流动沿垂向分别在一定空间范围内发挥重要的影响作用;大涡特征尺度沿流向增大,其中较小的涡旋对湍流能量的产生有主要贡献,同时,由于受到列车侧面较厚剪切层的影响,对湍流能量有贡献的涡旋所对应的积分尺度范围增大,从而使位于尾车鼻端附近的涡流能够在更大的流向范围内获取用于维持湍流尾流的能量.     

高速列车隧道会车空气阻力数值模拟研究

建立计算流体力学三维数值仿真模型,采用三维可压缩非定常湍流模型,利用重叠网格方法对高速列车隧道内等速交会过程进行动态数值模拟,分析会车过程中列车所受空气阻力的形成机理及分布特性。计算结果表明:隧道交会过程中,压差阻力对列车空气阻力的变化起主导作用,隧道交会对阻力峰值及峰峰值的影响比隧道单车大得多;列车隧道内交会时最大空气阻力是明线时的2.65倍,对应时刻的压差阻力和摩擦阻力分别为明线时的3.35倍、1.36倍;在交会完成前,头车表现为产生与速度方向相同的"推力",并呈现先增大后减小的趋势;尾车阻力最大,也呈现先增大后减小的趋势。     

明线会车、隧道会车及过隧道时的高速列车动力响应1)

明线会车、隧道会车和过隧道工况下的气动压力波对高速列车的动力响应和运行安全产生很大影响,本文建立了三辆编组的高速列车动力学模型,通过数值仿真得到了列车在三种工况下的车体所受的气动力,基于数值积分分析了列车的动力响应和脱轨系数。研究发现：明线会车和隧道会车工况相比,车辆的侧向运动相反。 明线会车和过隧道时,气动载荷对列车的脱轨系数影响较小,而隧道会车时,气动载荷作用对尾车的安全性影响较大。     

明线会车、隧道会车及过隧道时的高速列车动力响应

明线会车、隧道会车和过隧道工况下的气动压力波对高速列车的动力响应和运行安全产生很大影响,本文建立了三辆编组的高速列车动力学模型,通过数值仿真得到了列车在三种工况下的车体所受的气动力,基于数值积分分析了列车的动力响应和脱轨系数。研究发现:明线会车和隧道会车工况相比,车辆的侧向运动相反。明线会车和过隧道时,气动载荷对列车的脱轨系数影响较小,而隧道会车时,气动载荷作用对尾车的安全性影响较大。     

Force Action of a Body with a Permeable Boundary on a Wall in a Fluid

The ideal fluid flow due to fluid penetration through the boundary of an infinitely long solid cylinder in contact with a solid wall is determined. A formula is derived according to which the force exerted by a finite-length part of the cylinder on the wall is directed into the wall and can thus have an arbitrarily large absolute value. __________ Translated from Prikladnaya Mekhanika i Tekhnicheskaya Fizika, Vol. 47, No. 1, pp. 82–84, January–February, 2006.     

On a Paradox in the Motion of a Rigid Particle along a Wall in a Fluid

The results of an experimental investigation of spherical particles with different surface roughnesses rolling under their own weight down an inclined pipe wall in a Newtonian fluid at low Reynolds numbers, both with (friction should be taken into account) and without contact with the wall, are presented. It is shown that a fixed particle moves differently in different fluids with similar viscosities and densities. This fact, as well as the possibility of particle motion without contact with the wall, cannot be explained within the framework of the usual hydrodynamic theories. An example is the dependence of the particle motion on the static pressure.     

Torsion problems for a cylinder with a rectangular hole and a rectangular cylinder with a crack

Using the method of singular integral equation and the crack-cutting technique, the rigorous solutions are obtained for a cylinder with a rectangular hole and a rectangular cylinder with a crack, which exactly satisfy the boundary conditions and the conditions at the corner points. After that the torsional rigidities and the stress intensity factors at the crack tip are determined. Next, for the doubly connected circular cylinder with a rectangular hole the expressions for the singular stresses around the concave corner points are derived and the generalized stress intensity factors are then defined. Since the crack-cutting technique is used in this paper, the solution of the matching rectangular cylinder is also obtained and its numerical results coincide with those in references. Thus the method proposed here is verified. The project supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China     

Pumping of a fluid through a microchannel by means of a bubble driven by a light beam

A new method of pumping a fluid through a microchannel device using a gas bubble-piston, set in motion by the thermocapillary force induced by a light beam, is proposed. To demonstrate the method, a model micropump has been assembled. The model consists of two reservoirs connected by two channels with a bubble-piston driven by a light beam. The pumping rate and the volume per piston stroke are evaluated experimentally. The method proposed is compared with known microfluid pumping methods. Some advantages of the new method are indicated.     

Interaction of a screw dislocation with a notch in a piezoelectric bi-material

Summary The electro-elastic interaction of a screw dislocation and a notch in a piezoelectric bi-material is analyzed. The electro-elastic fields induced by the dislocation are derived using the conformal mapping and the image-dislocation approach, where the solution for a piezoelectric bi-material without a notch is used as a base. The stress and the electric displacement intensity factors of the notch and the image force on the dislocation are given explicitly. We find that intensity factors are expressed in terms of the effective material constants, while the radial component of the image force is independent of the notch angle and the angular position of the dislocation in the polar coordinate system. Numerical results for the image force are provided for the use when one of the two media is purely elastic. They illustrate the behavior of the dislocation in the neighborhood of the notch.     

Transformation of a breaking wave at a drop of a channel bottom

This paper gives results of an experimental study of incident and reflected waves of the bore type in the neighborhood of a sharp change in the channel bed level. It is shown that under conditions typical of accidents at ship locks, the wave height can reach 8 m.Translated from Prikladnaya Mekhanika i Tekhnicheskaya Fizika, Vol. 46, No. 2, pp. 115–121, March–April, 2005.     

Repair of a Plate with a Circular Hole by Applying a Patch

The stressed state of a thin elastic infinite plate with a circular hole covered by a circular patch of a greater radius is considered. The center of the hole coincides with the center of the patch. The patch is attached to the plate along its entire boundary. Stresses are prescribed at infinity on the plate and at the hole boundary. Complex Muskhelishvili potentials are found by the method of power series, and the behavior of stresses on the patch–plate interface and at the hole boundary is studied.     

Diffusive shrinkage of a void within a grian of a stressed polycrystal

A method to predict the shrinkage rate of a void centered at an equiaxial grain under hydrostatic pressure is developed. The rate process is controlled by lattice diffusion under the combined influence of void surface energy, grain boundary interface energy and elastic energy stored in the solid. A dimensionless loading parameter that controls the void evolving is introduced. Below a certain value of this parameter the void will be rounded and is stable. Then the shrinkage behavior of the voids is described by the parameters controlling the lattice diffusion. It is found that only gas-free voids could be totally eliminated through lattice diffusion; for a gas-filled void, the internal pressure produced by the gas firstly retards the rate of the shrinkage and eventually stops the shrinkage process as it becomes high enough.