风沙粒子冲击钢结构涂层力学行为的理论与有限元分析

利用接触力学理论和三维有限元分析了钢结构受到风沙粒子冲击后其涂层表面接触区应力、涂层内部应力、涂层与基体界面上应力的分布规律。分析结果表明:涂层表面径向应力在接触中心出现最大压应力,在接触区边缘出现最大拉应力,且在接触区边缘易发生环状撕裂破坏;在涂层内部,涂层对Z向应力的承受力较好;涂层内部剪应力的最大值出现在碰撞接触点的左下方和右下方,这两个位置易受到剪切破坏,在接触点和剪应力最大值之间的剪应力变化速度较大;涂层与基体界面上r/h为0~0.4时,Z向应力变化较小;在r/h为0.4~1时,Z向应力剧烈减小;r/h1时,Z向应力基本保持不变;涂层与基体界面上剪应力最大值出现在冲击点附近,且冲击点附近剪应力变化较大,易引起剪切撕裂破坏。     

热对流作用下筒壁涂层的边裂行为

边裂(边缘开裂)是涂层热致损伤的主要模式之一. 边缘裂纹穿透涂层后,常导致界面脱粘从而驱使涂层与基体剥离,最终丧失对基体的保护作用. 本文以热应力强度因子表征边缘裂纹的扩展驱动力,研究筒壁涂层在热对流作用下的边裂行为. 首先,利用拉普拉斯变换法,得到了瞬态温度场及热应力场的封闭解. 其次,运用Fett等的三参数法确定了筒壁涂层边缘裂纹的权函数. 最后,基于叠加原理和权函数方法计算了边缘裂纹的热应力强度因子. 探讨了无量纲时间、边缘裂纹深度、基体/涂层厚度比、热对流强度等参数对热应力强度因子的影响规律. 结果表明:热应力强度因子的峰值既非发生在热载荷初始时刻,也非发生在热稳态时刻,而出现在时间历程的中间时刻;增大热对流强度不仅可提高热应力强度因子的峰值,而且使峰值提前出现;其他条件相同时,热应力强度因子随着边缘裂纹长度的增大而降低;增大涂层厚度或减小基体厚度可增强涂层抵抗瞬态热载荷的能力.      

热对流作用下筒壁涂层的边裂行为

边裂(边缘开裂)是涂层热致损伤的主要模式之一.边缘裂纹穿透涂层后,常导致界面脱粘从而驱使涂层与基体剥离,最终丧失对基体的保护作用.本文以热应力强度因子表征边缘裂纹的扩展驱动力,研究筒壁涂层在热对流作用下的边裂行为.首先,利用拉普拉斯变换法,得到了瞬态温度场及热应力场的封闭解.其次,运用Fett等的三参数法确定了筒壁涂层边缘裂纹的权函数.最后,基于叠加原理和权函数方法计算了边缘裂纹的热应力强度因子.探讨了无量纲时间、边缘裂纹深度、基体/涂层厚度比、热对流强度等参数对热应力强度因子的影响规律.结果表明:热应力强度因子的峰值既非发生在热载荷初始时刻,也非发生在热稳态时刻,而出现在时间历程的中间时刻;增大热对流强度不仅可提高热应力强度因子的峰值,而且使峰值提前出现;其他条件相同时,热应力强度因子随着边缘裂纹长度的增大而降低;增大涂层厚度或减小基体厚度可增强涂层抵抗瞬态热载荷的能力.     

风沙冲击作用下钢结构表面涂层与基体界面应力研究

在应用接触力学分析风沙冲击钢结构表面涂层的动力基础上,应用界面力学镜像点法分析涂层基体界面应力,并计算分析风沙冲击作用下涂层与钢结构界面应力。分析结果表明：界面正应力随着冲击速度的增大而增大,界面正应力在冲击点附近较大,越远离冲击点越小,在冲击点处,界面正应力随着冲击角度的增大而增大,90°时达到最大,当离冲击点有一定距离时,界面正应力在45°时达到最大。界面剪应力也随着冲击速度的增大而增大,且界面剪应力在冲击角度为30°时达到最大值,界面剪应力在离冲击点距离x=1mm的界面处,界面剪应力达到最大值,当x≤1mm时,界面剪应力随着x的增大而增大,当x＞1mm时,界面的剪应力随着x的增大而减小。     

涂层/基体体系的界面应力分析

针对热防护涂层的承载特征,建立了涂层、基体体系的平面应变模型.以均匀应变差比拟热膨胀失配,基于最小功原理,推导了完整涂层/基体界面应力的级数解.分析结果表明,在自由端面附近,界面应力集中明显,其峰值达到了与涂层内拉应力相当的量级.涂层膨胀或收缩,界面正应力分别呈现压应力或拉应力状态,界面剪应力也发生方向交变.     

30CrMnSiNi2A超高强度钢孔挤压强化残余应力场的模拟

利用有限元软件ANSYS建立了30CrMnSiNi2A超高强度钢孔挤压强化残余应力场的三维有限元模型,分别模拟分析了不同孔径、过盈量、厚度和孔边距比下30CrMnSiNi2A超高强度钢构件孔挤压强化的三维残余应力场分布.模拟结果表明,残余应力沿厚度在中层和出口处随着孔径的增大而增大,且残余拉应力的增加幅度也大;随着过盈量的增大,残余压应力增大,但达到一定程度后过盈量的增量所引起的有利残余压应力的增量减小;随着厚度的增加,残余压应力在入口表面的孔周处先减小后增大;孔边距的减小,对残余压应力影响较小,而对残余拉应力的影响很大.     

薄膜涂层材料界面纯剪破坏标准试验法的开发

界面强度是薄膜涂层材料的最重要的性能指标之一，目前尚缺乏有效的测量方法。测量界面强度的主要困难在于寻求一种便于试验的试件形状和加载方式，使得界面上能够产生不同的应力状态，即在不同的剥离应力和剪应力比的状态下发生破坏。本文采用有限元数值分析（ABAQUS），研究了几种具有简单几何形状的试件的界面应力，并基于大量的数值试验，设计了剪应力为破坏支配因素的试件形状和加载方式，并且给出了便于应用的最大界面剪应力的经验估算公式。该经验公式可以适用于各种材料组合和薄膜涂层的厚度。研究结果表明，通过对薄膜涂层材料试件的基体引入缺口以产生应力集中，进行普通的四点弯曲试验，可以进行剪应力占支配地位的界面破坏试验。利用本文提出的试件形状和相应的最大界面剪应力经验公式，可以通过破坏试验简单地得到界面的剪切强度。     

粘接层对聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯涂层刮擦破坏的影响及机理分析

为研究粘接层厚度和粘接强度对聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯(PMMA)涂层刮擦破坏的影响,对不同粘接层厚度和粘接强度的PMMA涂层开展了系统的刮擦实验.采用考虑剪切屈服和脆性断裂竞争行为的本构模型描述PMMA的力学行为,进行了PMMA涂层刮擦行为的有限元模拟,揭示了复杂刮擦破坏模式的物理机理.研究结果表明：与零厚度粘接层的涂层相比,有限厚度粘接层的变形使PMMA涂层在刮擦过程中出现局部弯曲,导致刮头下方涂层底部区域形成内部裂纹;具有强粘接强度的粘接层可限制涂层在刮擦过程中的变形,避免刮头前方可能产生的严重屈曲,进而防止涂层底部形成沿厚度方向贯穿涂层的纵向裂纹;增加涂层厚度可以提高涂层在刮擦过程中的抗弯曲和抗屈曲能力,延缓内部裂纹和纵向裂纹的形成.这些发现有助了解和改善PMMA涂层的刮擦性能.     

V型缺口裂端的三维应力状态及约束分析

利用三维有限元方法,研究了有限厚度板中V型缺口根部穿透裂纹前沿的三维弹性应力场。对不同厚度、不同缺口张开角和裂纹长度对应力强度因子及裂尖附近的三维约束程度的影响进行了分析,同时还讨论了三维约束区的大小。研究结果显示：当缺口张开角小于60度时,不同缺口的应力强度因子和离面约束因子的分布基本一致,角度的影响不明显。应力强度因子是厚度的函数,板中面的应力强度因子随厚度的增加逐渐减小趋近干平面值,最大为1．08倍的平面值。当板厚超过15倍的缺口深度时,应力强度因子最大值将从中面转移至接近自由表面位置,距中面约0．4倍板厚。三维约束非常明显的区域在裂尖前沿约0.45倍厚度的范围内．二维到三维的过渡区在裂尖前沿1.5倍厚度的区域内;在中面上三维效应影响区最大,随着离中面距离的增加逐渐减小,在自由表面上降为0。     

涂层式裂纹监测系统中基体裂纹穿越行为研究

建立了智能涂层的两相模型与三相模型,基于能量准则分别用这两种模型研究了基体裂纹达到涂层界面后的穿越/偏转行为. 用有限元法分析了相对裂纹扩展长度、弹性错配参数及界面层厚度对偏转裂纹与穿越裂纹能量释放率之比的影响,结果表明当基体裂纹到达驱动层与基体界面时,能量释放率之比不仅与基体和驱动层之间的弹性错配相关,而且当驱动层较薄时对驱动层与传感层之间的弹性错配亦有较强的依赖性. 此外,随着驱动层厚度的增加,能量释放率之比对驱动层与传感层之间的弹性错配的依赖性逐渐降低. 通过与实验结果相比,建立的模型能够较好的解释基体裂纹在界面的扩展行为,可用于智能涂层裂纹传感器的优化设计.      

A coated rigid elliptical inclusion loaded by a couple in the presence of uniform interfacial and hoop stresses

We consider a confocally coated rigid elliptical inclusion, loaded by a couple and introduced into a remote uniform stress field. We show that uniform interfacial and hoop stresses along the inclusion–coating interface can be achieved when the two remote normal stresses and the remote shear stress each satisfy certain conditions. Our analysis indicates that: (i) the uniform interfacial tangential stress depends only on the area of the inclusion and the moment of the couple; (ii) the rigid-body rotation of the rigid inclusion depends only on the area of the inclusion, the coating thickness, the shear moduli of the composite and the moment of the couple; (iii) for given remote normal stresses and material parameters, the coating thickness and the aspect ratio of the inclusion are required to satisfy a particular relationship; (iv) for prescribed remote shear stress, moment and given material parameters, the coating thickness, the size and aspect ratio of the inclusion are also related. Finally, a harmonic rigid inclusion emerges as a special case if the coating and the matrix have identical elastic properties.     

涂层厚度对喷涂层疲劳磨损寿命影响的实验研究

采用等离子喷涂制备了不同厚度的铁基涂层,采用扫描电子显微镜（SEM）表征了涂层内部和结合界面处的微观结构,采用球盘式疲劳磨损试验机分别考察了不同厚度涂层的疲劳磨损行为,采用Weibull分布分析并对比了涂层的疲劳磨损寿命。结果表明：适当地增加喷涂层的厚度可以避免整层分层失效的发生,而从在整体上提升涂层的疲劳磨损寿命。采用有限元分析（FEM）研究了涂层内部的应力分布,发现厚涂层界面剪切应力值不足薄涂层界面剪切应力的二分之一,可见显著降低界面剪切应力是较厚涂层拥有更好疲劳性能的主因。     

THE ANALYSES OF THE THREE-DIMENSIONAL STRESS STRUCTURE NEAR THE CRACK TIP OF MODE I CT SPECIMENS IN ELASTICPLASTIC STATE(II)—THE ANALYSES OF THE STRESS STRUCTURE

Based on [1], the stress structures of the smooth region and shear lip of the specimens have been investigated in the paper. The characteristics of the stress structure in the smooth region have been found that the variable z can separated out; the stresses in the midsection can be obtained by the plane strain FEM results or HRR structure modified by the stress triaxiality. The effects of load level and thickness on the stress structure can be reflected by the distribution of CTOD along the thickness direction. The obtained expressions of the stresses are very simple and visualized. The analyses of the stress structure in the shear lip show that the stresses can be obtained by different methods of interpolation to a certain precise degree. A new degree parameter of the plane strain state has been put forward and studied. The parameter can reflect relatively well the variation of the kind and thickness of the specimen as well as the load level. The fracture parameter has also been investigated to be sure that it can be obtained by modified CTOD with the stress triaxiality.     

THE ANALYSES OF THE THREE-DIMENSIONAL STRESS STRUCTURE NEAR THE CRACK TIP OF MODE Ⅰ CT SPECIMENS IN ELASTICPLASTIC STATE(Ⅱ)—THE ANALYSES OF THE STRESS STRUCTURE

Based on[1],the stress structures of the smooth region and shear lip of thespecimens have been investigated in the paper.The characteristics of the stress structure inthe smooth region have been found that the variable z can separated out;the stressesin the midsection can be obtained by the plane strain FEM results or HRR structuremodified by the stress triaxiality.The effects of load level and thickness on the stressstructure can be reflected by the distribution of CTOD along the thickness direction.The obtained expressions of the stresses are very simple and visualized.The analysesof the stress structure in the shear lip show that the stresses can be obtained bydifferent methods of interpolation to a certain precise degree.A new degree parameter of the plane strain state has been put forward andstudied.The parameter can reflect relatively well the variation of the kind andthickness of the specimen as well as the load level.The fracture parameter has alsobeen investigated to be sure that it can be obta     

Analysis to the stress and strain structures of mode I 3-D crack in elastic-plastic state

In this paper, the stress and strain structures of Mode I 3-D crack in power hardening material are studied by analyzing the fundamental equations of elastic-plastic mechanics. It is shown that three regions, Z1,Z2 and Z3 can be divided in the thickness direction according to the stress characteristic. In region Z1, the stress components in the plane Perpendicular to z axis (thickness direction) can be solved first using the fundamental equations of plane strain state; in region Z3, they can be solved first by the equations of plane stress state. The region Z2 is defined as a transition layer. It is shown that the transition layer is the characteristic of Mode I 3-D crack in elastic-plastic state, and it is significant to the research on 3-D fracture. The crack tip opening displacement CTOD is chosen to describe the amplitude coefficient of the local stress field, and the distribution of CTOD in 3-D state is investigated.The project supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China.     

Stress Analysis for an Elastic Semispace with Surface and Graded Layer Coatings under Induced Torsion

In this paper, the axisymmetric torsional problem of a coating structure consisting of a surface coating, a functionally graded layer and a substrate under a rigid cylindrical punch is investigated. The coating and substrate are homogeneous materials with distinct physical properties while the intermediate layer is inhomogeneous with its shear modulus changing exponentially along the thickness direction. The Hankel integral transform technique is employed to reduce the torsional problem to a singular integral equation with a Cauchy kernel. The circumferential shear stress and displacement fields in the coating structure are calculated by solving the integral equation numerically. The results show that the stiffness ratio has significant effect on the distribution of the circumferential stress and displacement at the interface.     

压缩剪切测试中载荷传递行为的数字光弹性研究

结合光弹性四步彩色相移法,提出改进的六步相移法来计算全场剪应力,对径压缩圆盘实验证实了该方法的正确性,并进一步研究了同质材料连接结构在压缩剪切测试中的层间剪切行为。实验结果表明:全场等色线条纹级数和剪应力连续分布且随载荷而增加;中线附近剪应力趋于零,而条纹级数为峰谷。在连接界面上的条纹级数和剪应力出现峰值,特别是在连接界面端部为最高,在最大载荷下可分别达3.5级和2.4MPa,是导致连接界面脱粘开裂的危险区域。连接结构通过层间剪应力进行应力传递,在连接界面上剪应力与外载基本保持平衡。     

功能梯度材料涂层平面裂纹分析

研究粘接于均质基底材料上功能梯度涂层平面裂纹问题. 假设功能梯度材料剪切模量的倒数为坐标的线性函数，而泊松比为常数. 采用Fourier变换和传递矩阵法将该混合边值问题化为奇异积分方程组，通过数值求解获得 应力强度因子. 考察了材料梯度变化形式、结构几何尺寸和材料梯度参数对裂纹应力强度因子的影响，发现 功能梯度材料涂层尺寸、裂纹长度以及材料梯度参数均对应力强度因子有显著影响.