二维金属-六亚氨基苯框架材料的气体吸附效应

利用密度泛函理论研究了气体分子(NH₃, H₂O, H₂S, NO₂)吸附在二维M₃(HIB)₂(M=Ni, Cu; HIB为六亚氨基苯)薄膜上体系的几何结构和电子结构的变化. 结果表明, 2种薄膜对气体分子的响应不同. 其中NH₃, H₂O和H₂S在M₃(HIB)₂薄膜表面的吸附较弱, 主要与薄膜的亚氨基形成氢键, 吸附能均小于-0.36 eV, 吸附对体系电子性质的影响很小. 但是 NO₂分子在薄膜表面形成化学吸附, 吸附能在-0.65~-1.72 eV范围内. 吸附NO₂分子使其电子结构发生明显改变, 如Cu₃(HIB)₂在费米能级处打开带隙, 由金属性质转变为半导体性质. 这是由于NO₂分子的p_z轨道与金属原子$d_{z}^{2}$ 轨道发生了强烈的轨道杂化. 此外, 研究发现高浓度的NO₂分子吸附能够使Ni₃(HIB)₂薄膜由非磁性变为磁性体系, 由普通金属性质变为半金属性质; 而高浓度的NO₂分子使Cu₃(HIB)₂薄膜由金属性质变为半导体性质, 薄膜电导率降低.     

H2分子在碱金属掺杂碳纳米管上的吸附特性

采用密度泛函理论研究了H₂在碱金属(M=Li, K)掺杂的扶手椅型单壁碳纳米管上的吸附. 对于碱金属管内掺杂, 模拟了4种氢吸附构型; 对于管外掺杂, 考虑了两种吸附结构, 同时还考虑了两种不同的掺杂浓度. 所有吸附模型都进行了全优化. 计算结果表明, 碱金属掺杂后, 碱金属与碳纳米管之间发生电子授受作用使得碱金属带正电荷, 对于金属Li, 管内掺杂更有利于电子向碳纳米管转移; 与管内掺杂相比, Li原子的管外掺杂更有利于H2分子吸附. 碱金属管外掺杂的碳纳米管吸附H₂的最稳定结构, 存在碱金属原子与H₂分子的配位作用.     

导电共聚物衍化新策略制备硫、氮共掺杂碳纳米管及其对改善PtCu纳米晶分散性与甲醇电催化氧化的促进作用

有效调控碳纳米材料的几何和电子结构的协同效应和缺陷是获得优良电化学性能的关键.然而,如何设计一种具有优势结构的杂化材料及对其电催化机理的认识尚不清楚.本文提出了一种聚(3,4-乙撑二氧噻吩)/聚苯胺导电共聚物热解策略来制备S和N共掺杂多壁碳纳米管(MWCNTs),发现改变前驱体溶液中两种单体的比例可以调控掺杂MWCNTs中S和N原子的含量与表面活性位结构.S和N的共掺杂明显增大了碳纳米管表面的缺陷程度并暴露出更丰富的活性位点,从而有利于超细Pt和PtCu纳米颗粒的均匀分布和沉积.透射电镜和扫描透射电镜结果表明,所制备S和N共掺杂MWCNTs(SN-MWCNTs)负载的催化剂中Pt和PtCu纳米颗粒以及掺杂的S和N原子都均匀地分布在MWCNTs上,且沉积的Pt和PtCu纳米颗粒的平均尺寸仅分别为2.30和2.87 nm.X射线光电子能谱结果表明,S和N共掺杂MWCNTs与负载的Pt基纳米颗粒之间存在强烈的电荷转移相互作用,明显改变了贵金属Pt的表面电子结构.电化学测试结果表明,与Pt/SN-MWCNTs,Pt/N-MWCNTs,Pt/S-MWCNTs和商业Pt/C催化剂相比,Pt₁Cu₂/SN-MWCNTs表现出更大的电化学活性表面积(148.85 m² g^?1),更高的甲醇氧化质量活性(1589.9 mA mg_Pt^?1)、电化学稳定性和抗CO毒化能力.密度泛函理论研究表明,S和N共掺杂导致碳纳米管极大地变形,同时极化和激活了相邻的C原子.因此,增强了Pt₁Cu₂纳米颗粒在SN-MWCNTs上的吸附以及随后甲醇分子的吸附.此外,Pt₁Cu₂/SN-MWCNTs对甲醇氧化的电催化活性均在热力学和动力学上优于相应的CNTs和N-CNTs基材料.本文提供了一种新颖的在碳基材料上构建高度分散且稳定的Pt基纳米颗粒高性能燃料电池电催化剂的方法.     

气态碘在COF-103上吸附的理论研究

采用第一性原理和巨正则蒙特卡罗方法,模拟研究了气态碘分子(I₂)在共价有机框架材料(COF-103)中的吸附行为,并讨论了气态氧化物、氯化物和挥发性有机化合物(VOCs)等杂质气体的竞争吸附影响.结果表明,I₂偏向以垂直方式吸附于COF-103苯环的碳原子位,其中,长程色散相互作用具有重要的贡献,色散能在吸附能中的占比最多可达46%.I₂与COF-103之间存在少量电荷转移,且可能形成具有弱共价相互作用的次级键.杂质气体中苯分子(C₆H₆)的吸附能和等量吸附热最大,与COF-103的亲和性最强,并且可以占据I₂的吸附位点,从而引起I₂吸附量的显著降低.     

贵金属原子在CeO2(111)表面吸附的密度泛函理论研究

利用密度泛函理论系统研究了贵金属原子(Au、Pd、Pt和Rh)在CeO₂(111)表面的吸附行为。结果表明,Au吸附在氧顶位最稳定,Pd、Pt倾向吸附于氧桥位,而Rh在洞位最稳定。当金属原子吸附在氧顶位时,吸附强度依次为Pt > Rh > Pd > Au。Pd、Pt与Rh吸附后在Ce 4f、O 2p电子峰间出现掺杂峰;Au未出现掺杂电子峰,其d电子峰与表面O 2p峰在-4～-1 eV重叠。态密度分析表明,Au吸附在氧顶位、Pd与Pt吸附在桥位、Rh吸附在洞位时,金属与CeO₂(111)表面氧原子作用较强,这与Bader电荷分析结果相一致。     

H2分子在Mg3N2表面吸附的第一性原理研究

采用第一性原理方法,通过计算表面能确定Mg₃N₂（011）为最稳定的吸附表面,分别研究了H₂分子在Mg₃N₂（011）三种终止表面的吸附性质.研究发现H₂分子平行表面放置更有利于吸附,表面能最低的终止表面Model Ⅱ上吸附H₂分子最稳定,主要存在三种化学吸附方式：第一种吸附方式,H₂分子解离成2个H原子分别吸附在N原子上形成双NH基,这是最佳吸附方式;此时H₂分子与Mg₃N₂表面间主要是H原子的1s轨道和N原子的2s、2p轨道发生作用,N-H之间为典型的共价键.第二种吸附方式中H₂分子部分解离,两个H原子吸附在同一个N原子上形成NH₂基.第三种吸附方式中H₂分子解离成两个H原子,一个H原子和表面N原子作用形成NH基,另一个H原子和表面Mg原子作用形成MgH结构.三种吸附方式不存在竞争关系,形成双NH基的吸附方式反应能垒最低,最容易发生.除此之外H₂还能以分子的形式吸附在晶体表面,形成物理吸附.     

碱土金属Mg外掺杂硼笼B40Mg6的储氢性能

对外掺杂碱土金属Mg的B₄₀硼笼的储氢性能进行了密度泛函理论研究. 结果表明, B₄₀笼含有2个六元环与4个七元环. 多个Mg原子对B₄₀笼进行外掺杂时不会发生成簇现象, 有利于进一步储氢. Mg原子外掺杂的B₄₀笼对H₂分子的平均吸附能介于物理吸附与化学吸附之间(0.1~0.8 eV). 体系的储氢密度达到7.60%(质量分数). 储氢结构能在常温常压下释放H₂分子, 因此, Mg原子外掺杂的B₄₀笼比Mg合金具有更好的储氢性能.     

多孔石墨烯分离CH4/CO2的分子动力学模拟

采用分子动力学方法模拟CH₄/CO₂混合气体在多孔石墨烯分离膜中的分离过程, 分析了3 种纳米孔功能化修饰(N/H 修饰、全H修饰和N/―CH₃修饰)对分离过程的影响规律. 模拟结果表明气体分子会在石墨烯表面形成吸附层, CO₂分子的吸附强度高于CH₄分子. 纳米孔的功能化修饰不仅减小了纳米孔的可渗透面积, 还通过影响纳米孔边缘原子的电荷分布提高了气体分子的吸附强度, 进而影响了混合气体分子在多孔石墨烯分离膜中的渗透性和选择性. CO₂分子在多孔石墨烯中的渗透率能达到10⁶ GPU (1 GPU=3.35×10^-10 mol·s^-1·m^-2·Pa^-1), 远远高于传统的聚合物分离膜. 研究表明多孔石墨烯分离膜在天然气处理、CO₂捕获等工业气体分离过程中具有广泛的应用前景.     

硼氮掺杂的碳纳米管对硫化氢气敏性能的理论研究

应用密度泛函理论研究了纯(8, 0)单壁碳纳米管(SWCNT)和B原子、N原子以及BN原子对掺杂的(8, 0) SWCNTs对硫化氢气体分子的传感性质. 计算结果表明, 与纯碳纳米管相比, B原子掺杂的SWCNT显示了对H₂S分子的敏感性, 其几何结构和电子性质在吸附H₂S分子后发生了显著变化; 而N原子和BN原子对的掺杂没有改善SWCNT对H₂S分子的吸附性能, 因此我们建议B原子掺杂的SWCNT作为检测H₂S分子的新型气相传感器.     

微量热法研究燃料电池PtRu/C催化剂的CO微分吸附热

用微量热法技术测量CO的微分吸附热以探测碳负载的单金属Pt,Ru及双金属Pt-Ru催化剂的CO表面吸附位.结果表明,单金属Pt催化剂显示出最高的初始微分吸附热(q_initial=125 kJ·mol^-1);单金属Ru催化剂具有最低的初始微分吸附热(q_initial=109 kJ·mol^-1);三种双金属PtRu催化剂的初始微分吸附热(q_initial=124～112 kJ·mol^-1)界于两种单金属之间.当双金属PtRu催化剂Pt:Ru原子比为1:2时,催化剂Pt原子表面上的强CO吸附位(> 112 kJ·mol^-1)被Ru原子所覆盖而完全消失.     

二氧化碳和丙烯直接合成甲基丙烯酸的NiPMo/TiO2催化剂的研究

用溶胶-凝胶法以磷钼酸(MPA)的镍盐溶液水解钛酸四丁酯制备了NiPMo/TiO2催化剂.使用ICP、 XRD、 TG-DTA、 IR、 TPD-MS和微反应技术研究了催化剂的化学组成、热稳定性、化学吸附性质和催化反应性能.杂多钼酸盐与TiO2通过O2-在TiO2表面发生了键合.在623 K下,杂多阴离子仍保持原有的Keggin结构.CO2在Lewis酸位Ni(Ⅱ)和Lewis碱位Ni-O-Mo的桥氧协同作用下生成CO2卧式吸附态Ni(Ⅱ)←O-(CO)←(O--Ni).丙烯有多种吸附态在催化剂上吸附.在563 K、 1 MPa和空速1500 h-1的反应条件下,丙烯的摩尔转化率为3.2%,产物MAA选择性为95%.     

Toward new camptothecins. Part 6: Synthesis of crucial ketones and their use in Friedländer reaction

In the context of the preparation of camptothecin and luotonin A analogs, the synthesis of some key keto-precursors and their use in Friedländer condensation are described. This paper also focuses on the stability of these keto intermediates and emphasizes the major differences between indolizinones and pyrroloquinazolinones series. Noteworthy is also the report of some original structures isolated as by-products of some experiments.     

CoFe2O4自形成磁性液体场致结构化对磁化的影响

The Langevin paramagnetic theory can’t describe the relation between magnetization of ferrofluids and applied magnetic field. The structuralization of ferrofluids, which is considered the main influence factor of the magnetization, is regarded. The part of magnetization works is deposited when the structure is forming. This action influences the magnetization of ferrofluids directly or indirectly. On the base of the “compressing” model, the Langevin function that usually describes the magnetization of ferrofluid is modified, and a well-fitted curve is obtained. An equation of the relation between the equivalent volume fraction after being “compressed” and the intensity of magnetic field is discovered, which approximately describes the process of magnetization. The relation between the approximate initial susceptibility and the volume fraction can be obtained from modified formula.     

Highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of 2,4-dichloropyridine enabling a novel approach to 2,4-bisanilinopyridine (BAPyd) libraries

The highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of the cheap and readily accessible reagent, 2,4-dichloropyridine with a range of anilines and heterocyclic amines is described. This new methodology is robust and provides a facile access to 4-chloro-N-phenylpyridin-2-amines on 0.25 mol scale. These intermediates undergo a further Buchwald–Hartwig amination at higher temperature to enable rapid exploration of the chemical space at C-4 and to provide a library of 2,4-bisaminopyridines.     

KMnO4-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines: Synthesis of amides and sulfonamides

KMnO₄-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines producing secondary amine was introduced, which was trapped by electrophiles (acyl chloride and sulfonyl chloride) to form amides and sulfonamides. The reaction could take place at mild condition, tolerating a wide range of function groups and affording products in moderate to excellent yields.     

Chemistry of heterocyclic compounds at the A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, over 50 years (Review)

The review contains a concise historical account and information on the most significant researches undertaken by the staff at the A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences on the Chemistry of Heterocyclic Compounds. Dedicated to Academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences B. A. Trofimov on his 70th jubilee. Translated from Khimiya Geterotsiklicheskikh Soedinenii, No. 10, pp. 1443–1502, October, 2008.     

Sulfur-directed metal-free and regiospecific methyl C(sp3)–H imidation of thioanisoles

Regiospecific and direct imidation of the methyl C(sp³)–H bond of thioanisoles is realized under mild and metal-free conditions with N-fluorobis(benzenesulfonyl)imide as an oxidant and nitrogen source. Proposed mechanism suggests that thionium ion intermediates and a Pummerer-type reaction are involved. The imidation has advantages such as high step-economy, excellent functionality tolerance, and regiospecificity, giving structurally diverse imidation products.     

Selective syntheses of 2H-1,3-oxazines and 1H-pyrrol-3(2H)-ones via temperature-dependent Rh(II)-carbenoid-mediated 2H-azirine-ring expansion

The Rh(II)-catalyzed reaction of 2-carbonyl-substituted 2H-azirines with ethyl 2-cyano-2-diazoacetate or 2-diazo-3,3,3-trifluoropropionate provides an easy access to 2H-1,3-oxazines and 1H-pyrrol-3(2H)-ones. These compounds can be selectively prepared from the same starting material using temperature as the only varied parameter. The 2-azabuta-1,3-diene intermediate, a common precursor for both heterocyclic products, isomerizes into 2H-1,3-oxazine under kinetic control, while 1H-pyrrol-3(2H)-one is the sole product of the reaction at elevated temperatures. According to DFT-calculations a one-atom oxazine ring contraction involving ring-opening to a 2-azabuta-1,3-diene intermediate, followed by a 1,5- and 1,2-prototropic shift leads to the consecutive formation of imidoylketene and azomethine ylide, which then further undergo cyclization to the pyrrole derivative.     

Synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives

Different approaches for the synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives from simple amino acids have been investigated. A library of 33 precursors for the preparation of N-hydroxy pyrazinones was obtained in moderate to good yields.