结合三维静电势参数研究化合物溶解度与溶剂分子结构间的定量关系

对一系列溶剂分子进行了结构优化和静电势及其导出参数的计算,运用多元线 性回归方法对10种化合物萘、菲、蒽、联苯、苊、六氯苯、苯偶酰、噻吨-9-酮、 二苯砜和敌草隆的溶解性能与溶剂分子的结构参数进行了关联。结果表明：分子表 面最正和最负的静电势V_(s,max)和V_(s,min)、电荷分离度Π以及分子的静电相互 作用趋势量τ这四个三维静电势参数,加上分子的前线轨道能级ε_(HOMO)和ε_ (LUMO)能很好地用于表达这些化合物在不同纯溶剂中的溶解度与溶剂分子结构间的 定量关系。     

基于分子表面静电势参数分析溶剂的极性性质

用理论计算导出的分子表面静电势参数∏和б2tot对一系列溶剂的五种极性指标ETN、π*、Py、SPP和S'进行了相关分析,与Catalan的理论热力学分析结果进行了比较.结果显示:S'是一个适用性很好的溶剂极性参数,而质子性溶剂的ETN值、芳香化合物和多卤代化合物的π*值和SPP值则存在着一定的非极性因素.     

基于三维静电势参数研究C60溶解性的构效关系

在量子化学从头算基础上,对一系列溶剂化合物分子进行了结构优化和三维静电势参数计算,运用多元线性回归分析和神经网络方法对C60在121种不同溶剂的溶解性与计算的结构参数进行了构效关系研究.用建立起来的QSPR 关系式对15种不同结构类型溶剂进行了预测,并阐述了C60溶质与不同溶剂之间的相互作用,获得了满意的结果.     

三嗪树脂对生物碱的分子识别研究

合成了丙烯腈-二乙烯苯交联共聚物,对其进行化学修饰得到二氨基三嗪树脂.尝试了该三嗪树脂对脲嘧啶和胸腺嘧啶在甲醇中的吸附情况,初步研究了该三嗪树脂在质子性溶剂中对生物碱的分子识别作用.     

基于分子表面静电势参数研究多环芳烃化合物的定量结构-性质关系

对一系列多环芳烃分子进行了HF/6-31G^*水平上的结构优化,在优化结构上进行了分子静电势及其导出参数的计算.运用多元线性回归方法对多环芳烃的沸点、色谱保留指数、水溶性、正辛醇/水分配系数、正辛醇/空气分配系数、土壤吸附性、亨利系数以及生物富集因子等理化性质与分子的结构参数进行了关联.结果表明:分子空间和表面最负的静电势(V_min和V_s,min)、分子表面正的静电势和负的静电势的求和(∑V_s⁺和∑V_s^-)、表面静电势的平衡参数(ν)加上分子的体积可以很好地用于表达多环芳烃分子理化性质与其分子结构间的定量关系.     

结合三维静电势参数研究二取代苯的定量结构－疏水性关系

对含有常见取代基的92个二取代苯化合物进行了结构优化和静电势及其导出参数的计算,运用多元线性回归方法对化合物的疏水常数与分子的结构参数进行了关联.结果表明,分子表面负静电势的加和ΣV－S、分子空间内最负的静电势Vmin、表面最大静电势Vs,max以及分子体积V、极性表面积APS和分子的偶极密度μ/V这六个参数,可以很好地用于表达这些化合物疏水性与分子结构间的定量关系,而不用具体考虑分子中极性基团间的相互作用.用建立起来的QSPR(quantitative structure-property relationship)关系式对111个类似化合物的疏水性进行了预测,获得了满意的结果.     

基于分子表面静电势参数对甲氧基高溴联苯醚的QSRR研究

甲氧基高溴联苯醚是一类持久性有机污染物。基于有机化合物定量结构与色谱相对保留时间的关系,对25个甲氧基高溴联苯醚化合物进行了HF/6-31G*水平上的结构优化,并在优化结构基础上进行了分子表面静电势描述符的提取。应用统计软件对甲氧基高溴联苯醚化合物的色谱相对保留时间与分子表面静电势进行了多元线性回归(MLR)。结果表明,分子体积和常规量子化学参数结合分子表面静电势参数可以很好地表达甲氧基高溴联苯醚的色谱保留时间与其分子结构间的定量关系,所建立的QSRR模型具有较强的稳健性和预测能力,同时也证明了分子表面静电势参数在甲氧基高溴联苯醚化合物QSRR研究中的适用性。     

分子亲脂-亲水性的量子化学描述(Ⅰ)——分子的亲脂和亲水表面

给出基于分子结构的“启发式”亲脂-亲水势HMLP(Heuristic molecular lipophilicity-hydrophilicity potential)的理论分析和有说服力的算例.用量子化学计算其分子表面的静电势V(r)的分布,通过与周围原子表面静电势的比较,构造表达分子静电势的极性和大小的函数L(r).亲脂势L(r)保留了静电势V(r)描述分子静电作用的能力,并把应用范围扩展到疏水性的描述.HMLP不使用原子的经验参数,但在L(r)的构造中使用了经验的函数形式.经参数化和指标化后,HMLP有望用于蛋白质结构与功能的研究和药物分子配体与生物大分子受体结合自由能的估算.     

DNA碱基的电子相关效应

分别在Hartree-Fock和二级Moller-Plesset微扰理论MP2的电子相关校正水平, 用6-31G^*^*基函数对四种DNA碱基胞嘧啶、胸腺嘧啶、鸟嘌呤和腺嘌呤的能量、偶极矩、电荷分布和分子静电势等性质进行了系统的从头计算研究。其中, 采用Z矢量方法在波函数中加入MP2级别的电子相关校正; 分别用Mulliken布居分析、静电势导出电荷CHELPG以及自然布居分析NPA方法计算分子中原子电荷。在上述计算结果的基础上, 系统地分析了DNA碱基的电子相关效应。     

正丁烷、正丁烯-1、丁二烯-1, 3在极性非质子溶剂和质子溶砒中的溶剂化

本文的目的是研究碳四气体在极性非质子溶剂和质子溶剂中的溶剂化规律。对碳四气体的选择主要考虑不同键型的代表性, 溶剂以极性非质予溶剂为主。本文用量热法测定了298.15 K、1 atm下正丁烷、正丁烯-1、丁二烯-1,3在二甲基甲酰胺、二甲基亚矾、碳酸丙烯酯、N-甲基吡喀烷酮和甲醇中的摩尔溶解热。依据测定值对碳四气体的溶剂化规律进行了讨论。用溶度参数法对溶剂化焓进行了理论计算, 在极性非质子溶剂中得到较好的结果, 质子溶剂的有效溶度参数则表现出局限性。Pierotti理论如不加修正则不能较好地适用于本文体系。     

The structure and potentials of the interaction of complexes of polyatomic anions with Li, Na, and the molecules of aprotic solvents

The semiempiric CNDO method with the modified potential of core-core repulsion is used for quantum-chemical calculations of the potential surface cross-sections, charge distribution and the electrostatic field in complexes of the type A⁻…M⁺ (A⁻ = ClO⁻₄, NO⁻₃, SCN⁻, BF⁻₄, AsF⁻₆; M⁺ = Li⁺, Na⁺) and A⁻…M⁺…Mol (acetonitrile, pyridine, dimethylformamide, dimethylsufloxide, nitromethane, tetrahydrofuran). It is established that the anion-cation interaction potential has the form of a complex function with several minima which correspond to possible types of coordination between anions and cations. The effect of solvent molecules leads to the weakening of the interionic bond and the decrease of the potential barrier between configurations with different types of anion-cation coordination.     

尖晶石型LiMn2O4薄膜电极的制备及电化学性质研究──电化学石英晶体微天平(EQCM)技术研究

石英晶体微天平(QCM)作为纳克级的质量传感器,可通过测定石英晶体振动频率的变化来测定石英晶体表面微小的质量变化.近年来,电化学石英晶体微天平(EQCM)技术已广泛应用于电化学研究领域[1].在锂嵌入型电极充放电过程中,锂离子在嵌基材料中嵌入脱出会引起电极质量的微小变化,因而利用EQCM技术研究Li+的嵌入脱出过程有其独到之处.     

Acid-base dissociation constants of 2,2'-bipyridyl in mixed protic solvents

The acid dissociation constants (K_a), base dissociation constants (K_b) and the autoprotolysis constants (K_s) for 2,2′-bipyridyl in water and in water+alcohol(methanol, ethanol, iso-propanol) mixed solvents have been determined at 25°C and an ionic strength of 0.1 mol l⁻¹, from a direct potentiometric method based on the treatment of the data of a single pH titration. It has been shown that K_a increases, whereas K_b and K_s decrease, with increasing proportion of the alcohol in the mixed solvents. Linear relations between pK_a, pK_b, pK_s and the mole fraction of the alcohol were observed in the composition range investigated. These results are discussed in terms of the properties of solvent and the interactions of the different species existing in dissociation equilibrium with solvents. It is concluded that the higher stabilization of both 2,2′-bipyridyl and its protonated form by dispersion forces and of the proton by its interaction with solvent molecules in the mixed solvents compared with that in water are largely responsible for the observed changes of pK_a with composition. On the other hand, the low stabilization of OH⁻ in the mixed solvents relative to that in water and the electrostatic effect are the main factors in determining the solvent effect on pK_b.     

氯盐溶液中甲烷水合物高压分解条件及影响因素

向水合物储层注入盐类溶液是水合物常规开采技术之一,所以必须掌握储层压力条件下盐类溶液中水合物分解条件及其影响因素.本文研究了NaCl、MgCl2、CaCl2氯盐溶液中甲烷水合物分解条件,结果表明NaCl(2.0、1.0、0.5 mol·L-1)、MgCl2 (1.0、0.5 mol·L-1)和CaCl2 (1.0、0.5 mol·L-1)溶液中甲烷水合物的分解温度比纯水中分别降低了(4.8、2.4、1.0 K (NaCl))、(5.3、1.5 K (MgCl2))和(4.3、1.8 K (CaCl2)).以van der Waals 和Platteeuw 热力学模型为基础,结合电解质溶液中水的活度方程(Pitzer-Mayorga 方程),给出了氯盐溶液中水合物分解条件热力学模型,进而比较了模型计算值与实验值,结果显示两者非常吻合.分析表明,氯盐溶液中离子静电作用产生的水分子溶剂化效应和盐析效应降低了水的活度而导致水合物分解温度降低.     

Novel supramolecular compounds with three-dimensional hydrogen-bonded network [M(H2O)6][H2L] (H4L=1,2,4,5-benzenetetracarboxylic acid, M=Mn and Co): syntheses, characterization and crystal structures

Two hydrogen-bonded supramolecular compounds having the general formula [M(H₂O)₆][H₂L] (M=Mn^II or Co^II and H₄L=1,2,4,5-benzenetetracarboxylic acid), have been newly prepared by the reaction of [M(H₂O)₆](ClO₄)₂ and [C₆H₂(COOH)₄] (H₄L), and structurally characterized by X-ray diffraction. The metal center in each compound is six-coordinated, forming an ideal octahedral geometry. Both neutral formula units make unique three-dimensional supramolecular architectures through hydrogen bonds and stabilized by electrostatic force.     

萃取体系的热力学研究(Ⅳ)——磷-32标记TBP分配法测定TBP的活度系数

在前文^[1],我们提出用磷-32标记TBP分配法测定它在苯、正己烷、四氯化碳和氯仿中的活度系数。该法简便、可靠。为了研究TBP活度系数的变化规律和溶剂的影响,本文继续测定它在另外几类溶剂中的活度系数,并用公式来表示。     

Density functional study of molecular properties of hydrazoic acid and methyl azide

Density functional calculations for hydrazoic acid HN₃ and methyl azide CH₃N₃ and for the respective singly ionized structures HN⁺₃ and CH₃N⁺₃ are reported. An analysis of the electrostatic solvent effects, based on the self-consistent reaction field approach, on the molecular properties and conformational equilibrium of CH₃N₃ is also reported. The results are sensitive to the basis set quality and show some dependence on the different representations for the exchange-correlation functions. For HN₃ very good agreement with experiment is observed for several properties, such as the geometry, dipole moment, vibrational frequencies and for the adiabatic first ionization energy. For CH₃N₃ the energy difference between eclipsed (ec) and staggered (st) conformers (δ_ec-st) is 2.5 kJ mol⁻¹, in good agreement with the experimental value (2.9 kJ mol⁻¹). However, for CH₃N⁺₃, δ_ec-st is −3.2 kJ mol⁻, reflecting a significant modification of the methyl group rotational potential after ionization. Solvent effects on the molecular properties of CH₃N₃ are important when it is solvated in a polar medium. The most significant modifications concern the dipole moment and the frequencies related to the CH₃ symmetric stretch and torsion vibrational modes.     

Disproportionation of homoleptic rhodium carbonyls

Both [Rh₄(CO)₁₂] and [Rh₆(CO)₁₆] disproportionate in pyridine to cis-[Rh(CO)₂(py)₂]⁺ and [Rh₅(CO)₁₃(py)₂]⁻. In the same solvent, cis-[Rh(CO)₂(py)₂]⁺ is reduced by CO/H₂O to [(py)₂H][Rh₅(CO)₁₃-(py)₂], which has been structurally characterized.     

Influence of the solvent and of the counteranion on the structure of silyl cations stabilized by a terdentate aryldiamine ligand

Solution NMR studies of silyl cations [ArSiMe₂]⁺X⁻ (X = I, CF₃SO₃) incorporating the terdentate aryl diamine ligand Ar - C₆H₃₋ 2,6-(CH₂NMe₂)₂ have been carried out in a protic solvent (methanol-d₄) and in an aprotic solvent (CD₂Cl₂). This study has shown that the structure of these silyl cations is highly dependent on the solvent. In CD₂Cl₂, the silyl cation is five-coordinated owing to the coordination of one NMe₂ group and of the anion to the silicon centre which gives rise to a dissymmetric structure. On the other hand, in CD₃OD there is no coordination of the anion, but the silyl cation is also probably five-coordinated due to the coordination of the solvent to the silicon atom which is supported by the X-ray analysis of the compound 9. With the weakly nucleophilic anion BPh₄⁻ in CD₂Cl₂, in addition to the silyl cation previously described, another five-coordinated silyl cation resulting from the coordination of both NMe₂ groups to the Si centre was postulated.     

过渡金属五卤苯基有机化合物的研究(Ⅱ)——五氯苯基镍化合物亲核取代反应动力学

本文用分光光度法研究了双(二苯基烷基膦)合(五氯苯基)卤化镍(MX)与NO₂^-和CNS^-在MeOH、EtOH和DMF溶剂中的亲核取代反应动力学.实验表明,反应遵循两项速率定律,即γ=(k₁+k₂[L])[MX].实验分别测定了不同温度下的速率常数k₁、k₂值及对应的活化参数△H^≠和△S^≠值.讨论了反应机理、溶剂效应,以及化合物中的不同烷基膦配体、不同离去基团和不同进入基团对反应速率的影响.