Asymmetry of temperature dependences of electrical resistivity under B2–B19′ and B2–R–B19′ martensitic transformations in TiNi-alloys

The temperature dependences of electrical resistivity through the region of martensitic transformations in the alloys based on titanium nickelide are shown to exhibit pronounced asymmetry under conditions of direct and reverse transformations. It is assumed that this behavior is due to different character of temperature dependences of electrical resistivity in the austenite and martensite phases, which provide an explanation for this marked asymmetry.     

Semileptonic decays of B s 1, B s 2* , B s 0 and B s 1′

Stimulated by recent observations of the excited bottom–strange mesons B _s1 and B _s2^*, we calculate the semileptonic decays , which is relevant for the exploration of the potential of searching these semileptonic decays in experiment.     

Effect of thermal treatment and re-doping on the volume fraction of the γ′ phase in complex-doped Ni-Al-Cr-based superalloy

Phase transformations of complex-redoped Ni-Al-Cr-based superalloys under different thermal treatment are investigated by means of diffraction electron microscopy. Alloys are obtained via directional crystallization. The factors affecting the formation of the long-range atomic order of the γ′ phase (an ordered multicomponent phase based on superstructure L1₂) are established from the experimental results. It is shown that the degree of long-range order is directly dependent on the strengthening of the superalloy.     

Influence of the volume fraction on the electrokinetic properties of maghemite nanoparticles in suspension

We used several complementary experimental and theoretical tools to characterise the charge properties of well-defined maghemite nanoparticles in solution as a function of the volume fraction. The radius of the nanoparticles is equal to 6 nm. The structural charge was measured from chemical titration and was found high enough to expect some counterions to be electrostatically attracted to the surface, decreasing the apparent charge of the nanoparticle. Direct-current conductivity measurements were interpreted by an analytical transport theory to deduce the value of this apparent charge, denoted here by ‘dynamic effective charge’. This dynamic effective charge is found to decrease strongly with the volume fraction. In contrast, the ‘static’ effective charge, defined thanks to the Bjerrum criterion and computed from Monte Carlo simulations turns out to be almost independent of the volume fraction. In the range of Debye screening length and volume fraction investigated here, double layers around nanoparticles actually interact with each other. This strong interaction between nanocolloidal maghemite particles is probably responsible for the experimental dependence of the electrokinetic properties with the volume fraction.     

Nonelastic behavior of Ni50Ti50-xZrx alloys during B2 ⇆ B19′ martensite transformation

The results of an investigation of martensite transformations (MT), the shape memory effect (SME), and their interaction in Ni₅₀Ti_50-xZr_x alloys (1x50 at. %) are presented. The temperature dependencies of electroresistance and the magnitudes of deformation accumulation and recovery in a torsion mode under conditions of a continuously applied external load were investigated. Structural testing of the alloys was carried out by means of x-ray diffractometry methods. It was revealed that during cooling—heating cycling in alloys containing not more than 15 at. % of Zr, B2 B19 MT occurs. In alloys with 30 and 50 (binary NiZr) at. % Ar, under these conditions phase transformations are not observed. With increase in the concentration of the alloying element an increase in the critical temperatures of the MT was observed, the principal shape of the(T) curve changed, and the sequence of the B2 B19 transition was preserved. The SME in Ni₅₀Ti_50-xZr_x alloys was conditioned by the B2 B19 MT, had a single-stage character, and appeared when the Zr content in the alloy did not exceed 15 at. %. The maximum level of accumulation of inelastic deformation _max did not depend on the quantity of the alloying element and was 10–12%.Translated from Izvestiya Vysshikh Uchebnykh Zavedenii, Fizika, No. 3, pp. 37–39, March, 1995.     

Radial and spiral distortion of magnetic lenses with fields of the form B(z)αz

Both radial and spiral distortion of magnetic lens with the field distribution in the form B(z)αzⁿ are analyzed by means of Scherzer's formula. To estimate the performance of the image in electron microscope the dimensionless quality factors (F.Z. Marai, T. Mulvey, Sherzer's formula and the correction of spiral distortion in the electron microscope, Ultramicroscopy 2 (1977) 187–192.), for both radial and spiral distortion is calculated. The results have been compared with different projector lenses.     

X-ray diffraction studies of specific features in the atomic structure of Fe-Si alloys in the α area of the phase diagram

The atomic structure of Fe-Si alloys with a silicon concentration of 5–8 at % (α-area of the phase diagram) was studied using X-ray diffraction. The effect of quenching after annealing at a disordering temperature of 850°C on the structural state of the alloys was elucidated. It is shown that the quenched samples are characterized by a short-range ordering; namely, there is a local B2-type order at a concentration of 5–6 at % Si and, in addition, DO₃-phase clusters are formed at 8 at % Si. The atomic structure of B2 clusters and their nearest surroundings is established.     

Effect of E × B electron drift and plasma discharge in dc magnetron sputtering plasma

Study of electron drift velocity caused by Etimes B motion is done with the help of a Mach probe in a dc cylindrical magnetron sputtering system at different plasma discharge parameters like discharge voltage, gas pressure and applied magnetic field strength. The interplay of the electron drift with the different discharge parameters has been investigated. Strong radial variation of the electron drift velocity is observed and is found to be maximum near the cathode and it decreases slowly with the increase of radial distance from the cathode. The sheath electric field, E measured experimentally from potential profile curve using an emissive probe is contributed to the observed radial variation of the electron drift velocity. The measured values of the drift velocities are also compared with the values from the conventional theory using the experimental values of electric and magnetic fields. This study of the drift velocity variation is helpful in providing a useful insight for determining the discharge conditions and parameters for sputter deposition of thin film.     

Lattice dynamics and the ferroelectric phase transition in ordered Pb2B′B″O6 (B′ = Ga, In, Lu; B″ = Nb, Ta) solid solutions

The lattice vibration spectrum, rf permittivity, and dynamic Born charges have been calculated for ordered Pb₂ B′B″O₃ (B′=Ga, In, Lu; B″=Nb, Ta) solid solutions in terms of the generalized Gordon—Kim model. It has been shown that all compounds exhibit a ferroelectric instability and that the frequencies of “soft” ferroelectric modes are close in magnitude. The ferroelectric phase-transition temperatures and the spontaneous polarization in the ferroelectric phase of the solid solutions under consideration have been calculated by the Monte Carlo method using the model Hamiltonian in the local mode approximation. The transition temperature is found to increase with increasing atomic number of the B′ ion.     

Final-state interactions in the decay B 0→ η c K *

We study the final-state rescattering effects in the decay B ⁰→η _c K ^*. The numerical results indicate that the corrections are comparable with the contribution from the naive factorizable amplitude, and the total amplitudes can accommodate the experimental data.     

X-ray studies of the smectic B phase of the 4-bromobenzylidene-4′-alkoxyanilines

The results of X-ray studies of the nine members (4?÷?12) of the 4-bromobenzylidene-4′-alkyloxyaniline homologous series (nBBAA) in smectic B (SmB) and smectic A (SmA) phases are presented. Interestingly, no SmC phase was identified. The thickness of smectic layers in the SmA and SmB phases was estimated showing unexpectedly that in SmA it is bigger than in the SmB. For the SmB phase, orthorhombic unit cell parameters were determined as a function of temperature. The obtained data are discussed in relation to rotational dynamics.     

CP -violation effects in the decays B ? → D * K *? and method for determining the weak phase γ

A method for determining the angle γ and the ratio of the amplitudes A _λ(B ⁻ → K ^*−) and A _λ)B ⁻ → D ^*0 K ^*−), r _Bλ, for all three vector-meson polarization states by using the decays B ^∓ → D ^* K ^*∓ is proposed. This method relies on the interference between the decays B ⁻ → D ^*0 K ^*− and B ⁻ → K ^*−, which arises if D ^*0 and decay to D ⁰/ π ⁰ and D ⁰/ γ, whereupon D ⁰ and mesons decay to common final hadron states. The doubly Cabibbo-suppressed modes of D ⁰-meson decay are chosen here to specify such final states. Original Russian Text ? V.A. Kovalchuk, 2007, published in Yadernaya Fizika, 2007, Vol. 70, No. 4, pp. 754–763.     

Resonance contributions from χc0 in charmless three-body hadronic B meson decays

Within the framework of perturbative QCD factorization, we investigate the nonfactorizable contributions to the factorization-forbidden quasi-two-body decays \begin{document}$ B_{(s)}\rightarrow h\chi_{c0}\rightarrow h\pi^+\pi^-(K^+K^-) $\end{document} with \begin{document}$ h=\pi, K $\end{document}. We compare our predicted branching ratios for the \begin{document}$ B_{(s)}\rightarrow K\chi_{c0}\rightarrow K\pi^+\pi^-(K^+K^-) $\end{document} decay with available experiment data as well as predictions by other theoretical studies. The branching ratios of these decays are consistent with data and other theoretical predictions. However, in the Cabibbo-suppressed decays \begin{document}$ B_{(s)}\rightarrow h\chi_{c0}\rightarrow h\pi^+\pi^-(K^+K^-) $\end{document} with \begin{document}$ h=\bar{K}^0,\pi $\end{document}, the values of the branching ratios are of the order of \begin{document}$ 10^{-7} $\end{document} and \begin{document}$ 10^{-8} $\end{document}. The ratio \begin{document}$ R_{\chi_{c0}} $\end{document} between the decays \begin{document}$B^+\rightarrow $\end{document}\begin{document}$ \pi^+\chi_{c0}\rightarrow \pi^+\pi^+\pi^-$\end{document} and \begin{document}$ B^+\rightarrow K^+\chi_{c0}\rightarrow K^+\pi^+\pi^- $\end{document} and the distribution of branching ratios for different decay modes in invariant mass are considered in this study.     

Reinvestigating B → PV decays by including contributions from ?B2 with the perturbative QCD approach

Considering the B mesonic wave function \begin{document}$ {\phi}_{B2} $\end{document}, \begin{document}$ B {\to} PV $\end{document} decays are restudied in the leading order for three scenarios using the perturbative QCD approach within the standard model, where \begin{document}$ P = {\pi} $\end{document} and K, and V denotes the ground \begin{document}$S U(3)$\end{document} vector mesons. It is found that contributions from \begin{document}$ {\phi}_{B2} $\end{document} can enhance most branching ratios and are helpful for improving the overall consistency of branching ratios between the updated calculations and available data, although there are still several discrepancies between the experimental and theoretical results.