包覆Fe2O3超微粒的苯乙烯/丙烯酸/丙烯酸丁酯核-壳型复合共聚物的性能研究

对采用种子乳液聚合法合成的包覆Fe₂O₃超微粒的苯乙烯/丙烯酸/丙烯酸丁酯(St/AA/BA)核-壳型复合共聚物材料进行玻璃化温度测试,结果表明,加入Fe₂O₃超微粒,使复合共聚物的玻璃化温度显著降低.对复合共聚物的流变行为研究表明,复合共聚物的非牛顿指数均小于1,且随着Fe₂O₃含量增加,非牛顿性增强,表观粘度下降,粘流活化能降低.     

Recyclable,non-leaching antimicrobial magnetic nanoparticles

Recyclable antimicrobial magnetic nanoparticles, Fe₃O₄@P(St-co-AcQAC), were prepared through surfactantfree seeded emulsion polymerization involving a polymerizable, hydrophobic quaternary ammonium compound (QAC). These antimicrobial magnetic nanoparticles demonstrated excellent antimicrobial activities against both Grampositive and Gram-negative bacteria, and can be reused for multiple times.     

三维氧化铁/石墨烯的构建及其对CL-20的热分解性能的影响

High-performance solid propellants are very important for the development of modern weapons. Aside from their high energy and high burning rate, safety performance is regarded as the most important factor that should be considered whenever a new solid propellant recipe is formulated. Therefore, exploring a new type of combustion catalyst that can improve both catalytic activity and reduce the sensitivity of the energetic component is significant. Traditionally, transition metals or metal oxides are used as a combustion catalyst for accelerating the thermal decomposition of energetic components. However, the existing problem of these catalysts is the aggregation of particles accompanied by poor surface area. Coupling metal oxides with graphene is a promising approach to obtain a binary composite with stable structure and large specific surface area. In this work, rod-like and granular Fe₂O₃ nanoparticles were synthesized using a hydrothermal method. Then, the two as-prepared Fe₂O₃ nanoparticles were coupled with graphene sheets using an interfacial self-assembly method, which can effectively prevent the aggregation of Fe₂O₃ particles and simultaneously increase the active sites that participate in the reaction. X-ray diffraction and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy were used to identify the phase states and chemical compositions of the prepared samples. The morphology and internal structures were further demonstrated through scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy and nitrogen adsorption-desorption tests. Both phase analysis and structure identification indicate that the prepared Fe₂O₃/G has high purity and high surface area. The catalytic performance of the prepared Fe₂O₃ and Fe₂O₃/G in the thermal decomposition of hexanitrohexaazaisowurtzitane (CL-20) was evaluated based on thermal gravimetric analysis-infrared spectroscopy (TGA-IR) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) tests. The non-isothermal decomposition kinetics of CL-20, Fe₂O₃/CL-20, and Fe₂O₃/G/CL-20 were further studied by DSC. The results reveal the excellent catalytic activity of Fe₂O₃/G in the thermal decomposition of CL-20, which is attributed to the presence of abundant pore structure and large surface area. The reaction mechanisms of the exothermic decomposition process of CL-20, Fe₂O₃/CL-20, and Fe₂O₃/G/CL-20 were obtained by the logical choice method, and the composites all followed same mechanism function model as CL-20. Through comparison, the rod-like Fe₂O₃ coupled with graphene was found to have the best catalytic activity in the thermal decomposition of CL-20. Thus, the rod-like Fe₂O₃ and its Fe₂O₃/G composite were used to investigate their influence on the impact sensitivity of CL-20 by fall hammer apparatus. The results show that rFe₂O₃/G can effectively decrease the impact sensitivity of CL-20 compared with pure CL-20 and rFe₂O₃/CL-20. Therefore, rFe₂O₃ coupled with graphene not only promotes the thermal decomposition but also improves the safety performance of CL-20.     

三维有序大孔Fe2O3为载氧体的生物质热解气化实验研究

采用无皂乳液聚合法制备单分散聚苯乙烯(PS)微球,并以硝酸盐为原料、柠檬酸为络合剂制备前驱体溶液,通过浸渍和焙烧得到三维有序大孔(3DOM) Fe₂O₃,并通过SEM、XRD、BET和压汞仪对3DOM Fe₂O₃进行表征。采用热重-质谱联用的方法,以3DOM Fe₂O₃为载氧体,对生物质在氦气气氛下的热解气化进行研究,探讨3DOM Fe₂O₃载氧体在生物质热解气化过程中代替纯氧、富氧空气或水蒸气作为生物质气化剂的可能性,并与普通分析纯Fe₂O₃与生物质热解气化的实验结果进行对比,分析3DOM Fe₂O₃在提高载氧体反应活性方面的作用。结果表明,制备的3DOM Fe₂O₃呈现排列规整的三维有序多孔形貌,层与层间通过三维孔道相连,并呈交替排列。通过与分析纯Fe₂O₃的XRD谱图对比,发现制得的3DOM Fe₂O₃为纯Fe₂O₃,无其他杂质相的存在。热重-质谱分析结果表明,Fe₂O₃作为载氧体在高温段促成了生物质气化反应的发生。与分析纯的Fe₂O₃作对比,当载氧体为三维有序大孔结构时,生物质的最大失重率提高了7.1%,气化阶段的最大失重速率提高了0.29%/min,CO、CO₂、CH₄在高温段出现两个连续的析出峰。     

纳米Fe2O3和Fe3O4的制备及其催化高氯酸铵热分解性能的研究——一个仪器分析综合实验

介绍一个仪器分析综合实验——纳米Fe_2O_3和Fe_3O_4的制备及其催化高氯酸铵热分解性能的研究。采用水热法合成纳米Fe_3O_4,进而煅烧得到纳米Fe_2O_3。使用X射线粉末衍射(XRD)对制得的样品结构进行表征,通过透射电镜(TEM)可以发现其为球形颗粒,粒径在10–20 nm范围内。将制得的纳米Fe_2O_3和纳米Fe_3O_4按不同比例加入高氯酸铵(AP)中,通过对混合物进行热分析(TG-DSC),发现纳米Fe_2O_3和纳米Fe_3O_4可以明显促进AP的分解,且Fe_2O_3的催化效果优于Fe_3O_4的催化效果,并对催化机理进行了简单讨论。通过该实验,可以让学生学习水热反应的方法,掌握利用XRD、热分析等多种手段对化合物结构及性能进行表征的技能。     

Nanosized Pd assembled on superparamagnetic core–shell microspheres:Synthesis,characterization and recyclable catalytic properties for the Heck reaction

A series of magnetically recyclable Pd/Fe3O4@g-Al2O3 catalysts were synthesized using the superparamagnetic Fe3O4@g-Al2O3core–shell microspheres as the supporter and nano-Pd particles assembled on g-Al2O3 shell as the active catalytic component.The structure of the catalysts was characterized by X-ray diffraction(XRD),transmission electron microscopy(TEM),N2adsorption–desorption and vibrating sample magnetometer(VSM).The catalytic activity and the recyclability properties of the catalysts for the Heck coupling reaction with aryl bromides and the olefins were investigated.The results show that the microspheres of the magnetic Pd/Fe3O4@g-Al2O3 catalysts were about 400 nm and the nano-Pd particles assembled on g-Al2O3 shell were about 3–4 nm in size.The saturation magnetization(MS) of the magnetic catalysts was sufficiently high to allow magnetic separations.In the Heck coupling reactions,the magnetic Pd/Fe3O4@g-Al2O3 catalysts exhibited good catalytic activity and recyclability.With Pd/Fe3O4@g-Al2O3(0.021 mol%) catalyst,the bromobenzene conversion and product yield reached about 96.8% and 91.2%,respectively,at 120 8C and in 14 h.After being recycled for six times,the conversion of bromobenzene and the recovery of the catalyst were about80% and 90%,respectively.The nano-Pd particles were kept well dispersed in the used Pd/Fe3O4@g-Al2O3 catalysts.     

Ultraviolet Light Assisted Hierarchical Porous Fe2O3 Catalyzing Heterogeneous Fenton Degradation of Tetracycline Under Neutral Condition with a Low Requirement of H2O2

The hierarchical porous Fe2O3 particles as a novel ultraviolet light assisted heterogeneous Fenton catalysts were synthesized by bio-template synthesis method using iron nitrate as precursor at high temperature of around 550℃.The hierarchical porous structured Fe2O3 was endowed with a large surface area and abundant pore volume,leading to the exposure of more active sites and rapid mass transfer.The synergistic effect of UV irradiation and hie-rarchical porous Fe2O3 improved the photo-degradation efficiency of Tetracycline(TC).The degradation efficiency of Fe203 catalyzing UV-Fenton system reached 97.4%after 60 min reaction,which was more substantial than Fe2O3 catalyzing Fenton system(7.6%)and UV/H2O2 system(59.2%).Moreover,the hierarchical porous Fe2O3 catalyzing UV-Fenton system exhibited an extremely wide pH range(from 3.0 to 9.0,from mildly acidic to slightly alkaline)for efficient degradation of TC.Simultaneously,the extraordinary higher degradation efficiency was based on 10 mmol/L H2O2 concentration,which was low requirement for H2O2,Further,the hierarchical porous Fe2O3 can be used for five consecutive cycles with over 95%of the original degradation efficiency.Ultraviolet light assisted heterogeneous Fenton reaction in the hierarchical porous Fe2O3 improved the·OH and O2·^-production and Fe(III)/Fe(II)redox cycle,which consequently achieved an excellent degradation rate.     

Magnetic responsive polymer nanofiber composites for easy collecting chemical spills

We describe a simple method to prepare magnetic responsive polydivinylbenzene(PDVB)nanofiber composites by precipitated cationic living polymerization in the present of oleic acid capped Fe3O4 nanoparticles(NPs).The Fe3O4 NPs are encapsulated with the PDVB forming dendrites,from which thin nanofibers are grown in the tip-growth mode.The thin nanofibers are interwoven with the thick nanofibers forming robust composite network.The composites are magnetic responsive and highly efficient to gel almost all chemicals.Separation of the gelled chemicals from water becomes easier with a magnet.The performance is promising for magnetic collection of chemical spills.     

磁性纳米颗粒Fe3O4的醇改性制备机理及应用

利用化学沉淀法, 以乙二醇(EG)、 聚乙二醇(PEG)和甘露醇(D-M)分别为表面改性剂制备了改性的Fe₃O₄颗粒(分别命名为E-Fe₃O₄, P-Fe₃O₄和D-Fe₃O₄). 实验结果显示, 醇类分子能成功地修饰在Fe₃O₄颗粒表面, 但 未改变其形貌、 大小、 晶相和磁性．采用傅里叶变换红外光谱、 离子选择性电极法、 Zeta电位和接触角等 手段研究其改性机理, 发现P-Fe₃O₄和D-Fe₃O₄样品表面醇修饰与水分子介导的氢键有关, E-Fe₃O₄则通过表面羟基直接与乙二醇形成了更稳定的氢键, 即使经热处理(120 ℃)乙二醇分子仍被固定在Fe₃O₄表面. 表面带有疏水基团的E-Fe₃O₄具有适中的亲水性(接触角32.92°)和水中分散性(粒径200~300 nm). 带负电荷的E-Fe₃O₄被应用于水中阳离子染料结晶紫(CV)的吸附和磁性分离, 对CV吸附量为19.33 mg/g, 是未改性前(8.41 mg/g)的2.3倍, 通过外加异丙醇可以促进CV脱附．     

吸附剂修饰铁基氧载体的氧化动力学研究

研究了吸附剂修饰合成Fe_2O_3/Al_2O_3的氧化动力学。其中,吸附剂(K_2O、Na_2O、CaO)用于控制化学链燃烧过程中有毒氯化物、硫化物以及重金属的排放。首先在热重分析仪(TGA)上利用合成气作为还原气氛使氧载体呈还原态(FeO/Al_2O_3),在空气气氛下进行了原FeO/Al_2O_3以及三种吸附剂修饰FeO/Al_2O_3的氧化实验,实验温度分别为850、875、900和925℃。通过八种等温动力学模型对900℃下原FeO/Al_2O_3的氧化过程进行了分析。结果表明,phase boundary-controlled(contracting cylinder)模型能够很好地描述其氧化过程(FeO向Fe_2O_3转化过程)。利用该模型分别计算了原FeO/Al_2O_3、K_2O修饰FeO/Al_2O_3、Na_2O修饰FeO/Al_2O_3和CaO修饰FeO/Al_2O_3的氧化动力学参数,其表观活化能分别为13.71、20.21、21.62和24.20 k J/mol。通过进行比较依据动力学参数计算得到的转化率随时间的函数以及实验获得的转化率随时间的函数,进一步证实了phase boundary-controlled(contracting cylinder)模型的可靠性以及相应动力学参数的准确性。     

Fe2O3/Al2O3氧载体用于甲烷化学链燃烧：负载量与制备方法的影响

以不同方法制备了系列Fe₂O₃/Al₂O₃氧载体,采用XRD、H₂-TPR、CH₄-TPR、O₂-TPD和BET等分析技术对氧载体进行了表征。研究了不同Fe₂O₃负载量氧载体的甲烷化学链燃烧性能,考察了不同制备方法对Fe₂O₃/Al₂O₃氧载体结构、反应性和产物选择性的影响。结果表明,Fe₂O₃负载量对氧载体活性及产物中CO₂选择性的影响较大,负载量较低时氧载体活性较低且引起甲烷部分氧化产物CO含量增加。制备方法亦对氧载体与甲烷的反应活性有所影响,整体上共沉淀法制备的质量分数60％Fe₂O₃/Al₂O₃氧载体具有较高的氧化活性和化学链循环稳定性。其在反应温度850℃、反应时间15 min、30次循环后甲烷转化率及产物中CO₂选择性均未见明显降低。     

两种形貌纳米Fe2O3对TKX-50热分解的催化性能研究

Energy components used in solid rocket propellants are beneficial for improving the energy performance, and their thermal decomposition characteristics significantly affect the combustion properties of the propellants. As a kind of energetic material with both high energy and low sensitivity (impact and friction), 5, 5'-bistetrazole-1, 1'-diolate (TKX-50) can effectively improve the energy and safety characteristics of solid propellants. Burning catalyst is another important component of solid propellants, which can significantly improve the burning rate of the propellant and reduce the pressure exponent. Among various burning catalysts, nanoscale transition metal oxides can promote the thermal decomposition of the energetic component, thus enhancing the combustion properties of the solid propellant. However, the catalytic effects of nanoscale transition metal oxides with different morphologies on the thermal decomposition of TKX-50 have rarely been studied. Based on the excellent catalytic activity of Fe₂O₃ for TKX-50 thermal decomposition, nano-Fe₂O₃ particles with spherical and tubular microstructures were used for TKX-50 thermal decomposition. The Fe₂O₃ nanoparticles were successfully fabricated via the solvothermal method and characterized by scanning electron microscope (SEM), transmission electron microscope (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analyses. The XRD, FT-IR, and XPS results confirmed the successful fabrication of spherical and tubular Fe₂O₃ samples. The SEM and TEM images showed that the spherical Fe₂O₃ samples are composed of agglomerated Fe₂O₃ nanoparticles with an average particle size of 110 nm. In addition, the average diameter and length of hollow tubular Fe₂O₃ nanoparticles are 120 nm and 200 nm, respectively. The catalytic activities of spherical and tubular Fe₂O₃ for TKX-50 decomposition were studied by thermogravimetric analysis (TG) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) methods. The DSC and TG-DTG curves showed that both tubular and spherical Fe₂O₃ could effectively promote TKX-50 thermal decomposition. The first thermal decomposition peak temperature (T_FDP) of TKX-50 was reduced by 36.5 K and 26.3 K in the presence of tubular and spherical Fe₂O₃, respectively, at 10 K·min⁻¹. The activation energy (E_a) of TKX-50, determined by the iso-conversional method, was significantly reduced in the presence of both tubular and spherical Fe₂O₃. The results indicated that the microstructure of the catalyst has a significant effect on its catalytic performance for TKX-50 thermal decomposition, and that tubular Fe₂O₃ with hollow microstructure possesses better catalytic activity than spherical Fe₂O₃. The excellent catalytic activity of tubular Fe₂O₃ can be attributed to the hollow microstructure, which has more active sites for TKX-50 thermal decomposition.     

磁性介孔纳米粒子的制备及对抗癌药紫杉醇的传输

以十六烷基溴化铵(CTAB)为结构导向剂, 正硅酸乙酯(TEOS)为硅源, 在碱性环境下经过自组装过程对单分散性磁性Fe₃O₄纳米粒子进行包覆, 制备出磁性硅基介孔纳米粒子Fe₃O₄@SiO₂. 结合X射线衍射、 傅里叶变换红外光谱(FTIR)、 透射电子显微镜(TEM)以及氮气吸附-脱附等技术对Fe₃O₄@SiO₂粒子进行表征. 结果表明Fe₃O₄@SiO₂纳米粒子具有球形形貌, 平均直径约为150 nm, 蠕虫状介孔结构, 比表面积为932 m²/g, 孔径为2.5 nm且分布较均匀, 包覆后Fe₃O₄的结构得以保持, 同时材料具有很好的磁响应能力. 以抗癌药紫杉醇(Paelitaxel, TXL)为模型药物进行负载, 实验结果表明, Fe₃O₄@SiO₂对TXL的负载能力为80 mg/g, TXL-Fe₃O₄@SiO₂对TXL的缓释时间持续120 h以上, 累积释放量达到30 mg/g. 通过噻唑蓝比色(MTT)法测量了TXL-Fe₃O₄@SiO₂粒子对体外培养的HeLa细胞的细胞毒性, 与相同浓度的TXL相比, TXL-Fe₃O₄@SiO₂对HeLa细胞的抑制率明显增高.     

溶剂热法制备四氧化三铁/聚乙烯亚胺修饰的多壁碳纳米管复合粒子及其吸波性能

采用溶剂热法将磁性Fe_3O_4粒子附着在聚乙烯亚胺(PEI)修饰的多壁碳纳米管(MWNTs)表面,制备了兼具介电损耗和磁损耗的复合吸波微粒Fe_3O_4/MWNTs。利用X射线衍射仪(XRD)、傅里叶红外光谱仪(FTIR)、热重分析仪(TGA)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)及矢量网络分析仪等分析了Fe_3O_4/MWNTs复合粒子的结构、形貌和吸波性能。TEM结果表明,由于PEI的修饰作用,Fe_3O_4/MWNTs复合粒子具有良好的分散性。XRD结果显示,附着的Fe_3O_4粒子具有完整的晶型结构。吸波性能结果表明,PEI修饰的Fe_3O_4/MWNTs复合微粒拥有非常优异的吸波性能,随着厚度的增加,复合微粒的吸收峰向低频处移动。在厚度为3.2 mm,频率为6.16 GHz时,出现了最大反射损耗-42.9 d B,反射损耗大于-10 d B的频段为1.42 GHz(5.40~6.82 GHz)。     

高指数晶面结构氧化铁化学链燃烧反应活性及深层还原反应机理

采用密度泛函理论计算和实验研究形貌可控制备氧化铁作为高效载氧体用于化学链燃烧的可行性. 首先从理论上对比分析Fe₂O₃高指数晶面[104]和低指数晶面[001]的反应活性及深层还原反应机理. 表面反应结果显示, Fe₂O₃[104]氧化CO的反应活性远高于Fe₂O₃[001], Fe₂O₃[104]被还原成为低价的铁氧化物或单质, 这些低价的铁氧化物或单质可被O₂氧化再生. 载氧体和CO深层反应结果显示Fe₂O₃[104]可被CO彻底还原成Fe单质, Fe₂O₃[104]释放氧能力强, 反应活性高; 而Fe₂O₃[001]还原到一定程度后反应能垒高, 抑制表面进一步还原, 释放氧能力有限. 最后, 实验结果进一步证明了Fe₂O₃[104]作为载氧体用于化学链燃烧的高反应活性及稳定性.     

Vc-Functionalized Fe3O4 Nanocomposites as Peroxidase-like Mimetics for H2O2 and Glucose Sensing

A simple and efficient colorimetric biosensing for hydrogen peroxide and glucose with peroxidase-like vitamin C(V_c) functionalized Fe₃O₄ magnetic nanoparticles(V_c/Fe₃O₄MNPs) as a catalyst is reported. Compared with Fe₃O₄ MNPs and other catalysts, V_c/Fe₃O₄ MNPs exhibited superior catalytic properties. Kinetic studies indicated that vitamin C incorporated on Fe₃O₄ MNPs improved the affinity toward H₂O₂. As low as 0.29 μmol/L H₂O₂ can be detected with a wide linear range of 0.5—100 μmol/L H₂O₂; moreover, as low as 0.288 μmol/L glucose can be detected with a linear range of 0.5—25 μmol/L glucose. The detection method was highly sensitive in sensing H₂O₂ and glucose. The robustness of V_c/Fe₃O₄ MNPs rendered them suitable for wide ranging applications.     

理想与还原Fe2O3[001]表面上汞吸附协同催化CO分解作用

煤化学链燃烧必然释放汞,汞与载氧体表面相互作用,影响表界面的氧化还原反应。本文采用密度泛函理论计算,研究汞（Hg⁰）在理想表面（Fe₂O₃[001]）和一系列被还原表面（Fe₂O_2.75、Fe₂O_2.5、Fe₂O_2.25、Fe₂O_1.625、Fe₂O_0.875、Fe₂O_0.375和Fe）的吸附,以及Hg⁰对Fe₂O_1.625、Fe₂O_0.875、Fe₂O_0.375和Fe等表面催化CO分解反应的协同作用机理。Hg⁰物理吸附在理想Fe₂O₃[001]表面。随着Fe₂O₃[001]表面不断被还原,Hg⁰发生化学吸附。Hg⁰吸附降低了CO与Fe₂O₃、Fe₂O_2.75、Fe₂O_2.5和Fe₂O_2.25等表面之间的相互作用,抑制O传递氧化CO为CO₂的反应;载氧体进一步还原过程中,Hg⁰吸附促进了CO与Fe₂O_1.625、Fe₂O_0.875、Fe₂O_0.375及Fe等表面之间的相互作用,进而促进了表面对CO的催化分解反应,加速了载氧体表面的积碳,降低了化学链燃烧效率。因此,合理控制载氧体的还原程度既可以减弱Hg⁰的吸附,也可以抑制积碳的形成,这对化学链燃烧的操作优化至关重要。     

异质结型光催化膜的活性及其机理研究

采用浸渍提拉法制得TiO₂,ZnO,Fe₂O₃,ZnO/TiO₂,TiO₂/ZnO,Fe₂O₃/TiO₂和TiO₂/Fe₂O₃石英玻璃基底负载膜.光催化降解亚甲基蓝实验表明,TiO₂和ZnO具有良好的光催化活性,Fe₂O₃活性较差.但形成异质结后,TiO₂和Fe₂O₃的光催化降解能力发生明显的变化.用254nm紫外光光照后,TiO₂,ZnO和Fe₂O₃等3种氧化物膜与水的接触角均有不同程度的降低,TiO₂表现出超亲水性,ZnO/TiO₂和Fe₂O₃/TiO₂膜与水的接触角小于对应的单纯ZnO和Fe₂O₃膜与水的接触角,其中Fe₂O₃/TiO₂表面出现超亲水性.瞬态光电导谱的少数载流子寿命的测定表明,异质结势垒电场能有效地增强光生电子-空穴对的分离效率.根据能带理论建立的两组异质结能带模型可合理地解释实验结果.     

复合磁性MgAl水滑石制备及其酯交换性能的研究

使用共沉淀法制备磁性Fe_3O_4粒子,并以此为原料制备出Fe_3O_4/M g Al-LDH,将其焙烧产物Fe_3O_4/M g(Al)O作为微藻油脂和甲醇发生酯交换反应的催化剂,利用产物生物柴油产率作为评价催化剂的活性指标,探究其酯交换活性。通过TGDTG、XRD、SEM、EDS、TEM、N2吸附-脱附、VSM等表征手段对所制备样品进行表征。结果表明,Mg Al-LDH、Mg(Al)O在Fe_3O_4表面生长,并具有一定的磁响应能力。在反应时间为4 h、醇油物质的量比为13∶1的条件下,生物柴油产率高达90%。经过三次使用后,仍具有一定活性。在外磁场的作用下可完成催化剂与反应物的分离。     

Aluminum-type superparamagnetic adsorbents: Synthesis and application on fluoride removal

Two effective types of superparamagnetic nano-scale adsorbents of bayerite/SiO₂/Fe₃O₄ have been synthesized via three sequential steps: chemical precipitation of Fe₃O₄, coating of SiO₂ on Fe₃O₄ using acidifying method, and further coating of bayerite (Al(OH)₃) on SiO₂/Fe₃O₄ adopting sol–gel (MASG) or homogeneous precipitation (MAHP) methods. The characteristics of MASG and MAHP were identified using the transmission electron microscopy (TEM) micrograph, scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM/EDX), X-ray powder diffractometer (XRD), and superconducing quantum interference device (SQUID). Removal of fluoride from aqueous solution was examined to evaluate the adsorptive capacity of MASG, MAHP, and commercial activated alumina (CA), and the effects of enclosure of Fe₃O₄ with SiO₂ for SiO₂/Fe₃O₄, MASG, and MAHP particles. Among the adsorbents tested under the same experimental condition, MASG is the most effective adsorbent, of which the adsorption capacities are 38 g/kg (based on adsorbent mass of adsorption in terms of equilibrium constant q_L of Langmuir isotherm), and can compete with CA even at a high pH value. The innovative superparamagnetic adsorbents synthesized in this study possess physicochemical stability at pH range of 6–8 and great potential in the adsorption processes due to not only their high adsorption capacity but also the conveniently magnetic separation which can overcome the difficulty in solid–liquid separation for nano-particles in solutions.