孤立波对水下山包的绕射及开路边界条件的应用比较

在无界域的数值方法中,开路边界条件(Open Boundary Condition(OBC))是一个十分重要的研究课题.对于波动问题已有许多不同形式的OBC。但对它们的有效性,许多还缺乏在直接应用中的分析比较。本文以非线性长波的Boussinesq方程为控制方程组,在方形人为边界上采用了几类较重要的OBC,计算了无界水域中孤立波对水下山包的绕射。文中既给出了令人感兴趣的三维散射图案,又对这些OBC的有效性作了分析比较,对它们的可用性提出了一些有参考价值的意见。     

Quench dynamics in 1D model with 3rd-nearest-neighbor hoppings

The non-equilibrium dynamics of a one-dimensional(1 D)topological system with 3 rd-nearest-neighbor hopping has been investigated by analytical and numerical methods.An analytical form of topological defect density under the periodic boundary conditions(PBC)is obtained by using the Landau-Zener formula(LZF),which is consistent with the scaling of defect production provided by the Kibble-Zurek mechanism(KZM).Under the open boundary conditions(OBC),quench dynamics becomes more complicated due to edge states.The behaviors of the system quenching across different phases show that defect production no longer satisfies the KZM paradigm since complicated couplings exist under OBC.Some new dynamical features are revealed.     

磁谐振和电谐振结构构成的左手材料设计

用磁谐振器和电谐振器组合构成左手材料是设计左手材料的一个重要方法.基于这一设计方法,提出了能够抑制双各向异性的磁谐振器和电谐振器设计原理,即单回路镜像对称设计原理和双(四)回路镜像对称设计原理.根据这两个设计原理,设计了具有双负特性(负介电常数和负磁导率)的新结构,并通过实验仿真验证了结构的双负特性,从而验证了两种设计原理的正确性.所提出的两个设计原理以及新结构对于设计新型左手材料具有重要的实际意义和指导意义. 关键词： 左手材料 单回路镜像对称 双回路镜像对称     

基于改进禁忌搜索算法的液体透镜系统优化设计

建立了一套最新的优化概念,以便于液体透镜在一般光学系统中的优化设计。由于液体透镜拥有多个离散的变焦位置,设计时不得不在其中选择多个位置作为阻尼最小二乘法(DLS)的初始优化点。而这些位置通常是由设计者凭经验来选择的,不同的选择不仅会对设计过程带来不同的影响,而且会给设计结果带来本质的不同。基于此提出了一套改进禁忌搜索(ITS)算法,从而实现在DLS算法优化的过程中液体透镜变焦位置的自动选取,从而得到更佳的成像效果。     

小波软阈值径向基神经网络同时测定多组分混合物

建立了一种小波软阈值径向基函数神经网络 (STWRBFN)方法 ,同时定量分析了多组分混合物。结合小波软阈值法和径向基函数神经网络改进了回归质量。通过最佳化 ,选择了小波函数、小波分解水平(L)、阈值法类型和网络的伸展参数 (σ)。两个程序PSTWRBFN和PRBFN被设计执行STWRBFN和径向基函数神经网络 (RBFN)计算。实验结果表明STWRBFN是成功的且优于RBFN法 ,和经典的多变量线性回归(MLR)方法相比较 ,这两个方法更为有效     

体声波梯形滤波器的布局设计方法

为保证滤波器性能,缩小滤波器体积,提高晶圆上的芯片数量,提出一种体声波(BAW)梯形滤波器布局的设计方法。该方法包括11条设计准则和设计流程。11条设计准则限制体声波谐振器(BAWR)的形状、位置,BAWR之间的距离,BAWR与焊盘的距离和互连线。设计流程有7个步骤：(1)根据每个BAWR的有效面积,预设每个BAWR的形状;(2)根据BAW梯形滤波器电路结构,排列BAWR;(3)“压缩”布局;(4)对BAWR切趾、微调和旋转;(5)对BAWR和焊盘布线;(6)检测滤波器布局是否符合设计准则;(7)使用声-电磁联合仿真,验证滤波器布局结果。以10个BAWR串并联而成的5阶BAW梯形滤波器为案例,展示了该方法的设计准则和设计流程。优化后的滤波器布局面积利用率达到了44%。对比未优化的滤波器布局,利用该方法优化后的滤波器布局提高了BAW滤波器的带内插损和带外抑制。     

地球化学分析用铬-金双阳极靶X射线管

侧窗X射线管的最新设计思想是基于双层阳极结构,即在较重元素(例如金)阳极上涂上一薄层轻元素(如铬)。涂层的厚度是关键,必须是几个微米。     

噻吩并嘧啶衍生物抗胃癌活性的CoMFA模型与分子设计

基于比较分子力场分析(CoMFA)方法建立25种噻吩并嘧啶衍生物抗胃癌活性(pM)的三维定量构效关系(3D-QSAR)。训练集中20个化合物用于建立预测模型,测试集6个化合物(含模板分子)作为模型验证。已建立的CoMFA模型的交叉验证系数(Rcv2)、非交叉验证系数(R2)分别为0.369、0.831,说明所建模型具有较强的稳定性和良好的预测能力。该模型中立体场、静电场贡献率依次为40.9%、59.1%,表明影响抑藻活性(pI)的主要因素是取代基的库仑力、氢键及配位,其次是取代基的疏水性和空间位阻。基于此研究结果,设计了4个具有较高抗胃癌活性的新化合物,有待医学实验验证。     

1MA直线型变压器驱动源模块设计

介绍了输出电流幅值为1 MA,电流上升时间为100 ns的快脉冲直线型变压器驱动源(LTD)模块的设计。模块由48个子块并联组成,每个子块由2个电容器和一个多级气体开关串联组成。48个开关由8路高压脉冲触发,每路高压脉冲(100 kV/50 ns)触发6个开关。电路模拟显示,在充电90 kV条件下,输出电流幅值为1.04 MA,电流上升时间为84.5 ns(0~100%)和52 ns(10%~90%)。电路模拟时的参数设置以实验数据为基础,开关的工作条件与已研制成功的100 kA-LTD模块中的开关工作条件近似,模块设计工作于腔体注油状态以保证高压运行安全,能够保证模块达到设计要求。     

向空气中辐射超声波的环形压电换能器

超声压电换能器向空气中辐射超声波的主要缺点是效率低,这是由于压电材料的声阻抗与空气的声阻抗严重失配(差5个数量级)。有两种途径可提高换能器向空气中辐射声波的效率,一是采用多层结构的匹配技术,二是设计高、低声阻抗材料相组合的换能器。作者遵循后一种方法设计并制作了一种新的高效压电换能器。它是将压电圆环埋置在低阻抗的弹性材料(塑料或树脂)中而成的,如图1所示。     

Zeeman effects on d-wave superconductor and the coherent tunneling spectrum in normal-metal/d-wave superconductor/normal-metal tunnel junctions

We solve a self-consistent equation for the d-wave superconducting gap and the magnetization in the mean-field approximation, study the Zeeman effects on the thermodynamic potential of d-wave superconductor (S) and coherent quantum transport in normal-metal (N)/d-wave S/N double tunnel junctions. Taking simultaneously into account the electron-injected current from one N electrode and the hole-injected current from the other N electrode, we derive a general formula for the differential conductance in a N/d-wave S/N system under a Zeeman magnetic field on the d-wave S. It is found that oscillations of all quasiparticle transport coefficients and differential conductance with the bias voltage and the thickness of the d-wave S depend to a great extent on the crystal orientation of the d-wave S. In the N/d-wave S/N junctions, the Zeeman magnetic field can lead to the Zeeman splitting of conductance peaks, and the temperature can reduce the coherent effect.     

Compatibilization by Olefin Block Copolymer (OBC) in Polypropylene/Ethylene-Propylene-Diene Terpolymer (PP/EPDM) Blends

The compatibilization by olefin block copolymer (OBC) in the blends of polypropylene (PP)/ethylene-propylene-diene terpolymer (EPDM) and the phase morphology of the ternary blends were investigated by rheology, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and wide-angle X-ray diffraction (WAXD) measurements. It was found that the PP/EPDM blends exhibited enhanced mechanical properties in the presence of OBC. The addition of OBC had a significant influence on the phase separation behavior of the blends. For the PP/EPDM-50/50 heterogeneous blends, the addition of 15 phr OBC enabled the two-phase morphology to change from a droplet-matrix structure to a co-continuous one. In the temperature range of 150 to 200 °C, OBC was shown to have a better compatibility with PP than EPDM. The changes in viscosity ratio of the dispersed phase to matrix phase caused by adding OBC might be the dominant factor in controlling the coalescence of the dispersed phase domains. For the crystallization behavior of PP/EPDM/OBC ternary blends, OBC was found to have an induction effect on the formation of β-crystals of PP that was not proportional to the volume of OBC addition. In addition, DSC results showed that PP could induce the OBC crystallization and improve the crystallization temperature of OBC. The existence of simultaneous crystallization behavior between PP and OBC was also observed. A possible mechanism of phase evolution induced by crystallization was proposed.     

Coded excitation of ultrasonic guided waves in long bone fracture assessment

Ultrasonic guided wave (GW) assessment of long bone fracture have conventionally been based on pulse excitation. However, the high attenuation during propagation diminishes the amplitude of received GWs and results in low signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). The Barker code (BC) excitation and the optimal binary code (OBC) excitation were utilized in this study to overcome this limitation. Both simulations and in vitro experiments were performed on the fractured cortical bone plate model, and measured signals from both the BC and OBC excitations were decoded using the finite impulse response least squares inverse filter (FIR-LSIF) and then compared with sine pulse (SP) excited signals. The results suggest the efficiency of coded excitation for amplitude and SNR improvement. Furthermore, time–frequency representation (TFR) analysis was applied to experimental signals; with increasing fracture depth, energy transformation between predominate GW modes A1 and S2 was confirmed. These results show the potential of using BC and OBC excitations to evaluate the depth of long bone fracture.     

Shape Memory Properties of Melt-Blended Olefin Block Copolymer (OBC)/Ethylene-Vinyl Acetate Blends

The completely crosslinked shape memory polymer blends (SMPs) traditionally suffer from recycling problems due to their network structure. In this paper we describe the thermal, mechanical, and shape memory behavior of physical blends of OBC (Olefin block copolymer) and EVA (Ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer), with and without modification of one or both of the components, prepared using a melt-blending method. These behaviors of the modified blends, based on maleated OBC (OBC-g-MA) and/or vinyltriethoxysilane (VTEOS) modified EVA, included OBC/EVA-g-VTEOS, OBC-g-MA/EVA, and OBC-g-MA/EVA-g-VTEOS blends; they were investigated to compare with the OBC/EVA blend. The SEM (scanning electron microscopy) observations showed that the compatibility of the silane and maleic anhydride modified OBC/EVA blends were better than that of the unmodified OBC/EVA blend. The crystallization temperatures of OBC and EVA in the modified blends were higher than those in the neat blend. The OBC-g-MA/EVA-g-VTEOS blend had the highest modulus and thermal stability of all investigated blend systems due to the numerous interactions between maleic anhydride and silane. The shape memory performance, as defined by the shape fixity ratio (R_f) and shape recovery ratio (R_r), was higher for the modified blends of one or both of the modified components than that for the OBC/EVA blend. These modified blends were readily reprocessible, like thermoplastic vulcanizates, and still retained shape memory behavior, in contrast with the fully crosslinked shape memory polymer blends; thus they were also improved in terms of the environmental aspects of processing.     

A Three-Component Model for Magnetization Transfer. Solution by Projection-Operator Technique,and Application to Cartilage

A projection-operator technique is applied to a general three-component model for magnetization transfer, extending our previous two-component model [R. S. Adler and H. N. Yeung,J. Magn. Reson. A104,321 (1993), and H. N. Yeung, R. S. Adler, and S. D. Swanson,J. Magn. Reson. A106,37 (1994)]. The PO technique provides an elegant means of deriving a simple, effective rate equation in which there is natural separation of relaxation and source terms and allows incorporation of Redfield–Provotorov theory without any additional assumptions or restrictive conditions. The PO technique is extended to incorporate more general, multicomponent models. The three-component model is used to fit experimental data from samples of human hyaline cartilage and fibrocartilage. The fits of the three-component model are compared to the fits of the two-component model.     

核力夸克模型中N△道耦合效应的研究

在核力的夸克-SU(3)手征场耦合模型基础上研究了N△道耦合效应对NN散射相移的影响. 结果表明N△的5D0分波与NN道的1S0分波间的耦合效应较大,NN的D､F分波与N△道之间的耦合效应较小.     

Derivative of Electron Density in Non-Equilibrium Green's Function Technique and Its Application to Boost Performance of Convergence

The non-equilibrium Green＇s function （NEGF） technique provides a solid foundation for the development of quantum mechanical simulators. However, the convergence is always of great concern. We present a general analytical formalism to acquire the accurate derivative of electron density with respect to electrical potential in the framework of NEGF. This formalism not only provides physical insight on non-local quantum phenomena in device simulation, but also can be used to set up a new scheme in solving the Poisson equation to boost the performance of convergence when the NEGF and Poisson equations are solved self-consistently. This method is illustrated by a simple one-dimensional example of an N＋＋ N＋ N＋＋ resistor. The total simulation time and iteration number are largely reduced.     

Signal-to-noise enhancement techniques for quantum cascade absorption spectrometers employing optimal filtering and other approaches

Optical feedback to the laser source in tunable diode laser spectroscopy (TDLS) is known to create intensity modulation noise due to elatoning and optical feedback (i.e. multiplicative technical noise) that usually limits spectral signal-to-noise (S/N). The large technical noise often limits absorption spectroscopy to noise floors 100-fold greater than the Poisson shot noise limit due to fluctuations in the laser intensity. The high output powers generated from quantum cascade (QC) lasers, along with their high gain, makes these injection laser systems especially susceptible to technical noise. In this article we discuss a method of using optimal filtering to reduce technical noise. We have observed S/N enhancements ranging from ∼20% to a factor of ∼50. The degree to which optimal filtering enhances S/N depends on the similarity between the Fourier components of the technical noise and those of the signal, with lower S/N enhancements observed for more similar Fourier decompositions of the signal and technical noise. We also examine the linearity of optimal filtered spectra in both time and intensity. This was accomplished by creating a synthetic spectrum for the species being studied (CH₄, N₂O, CO₂ and H₂O in ambient air) utilizing line positions and linewidths with an assumed Voigt profile from a commercial database (HITRAN). Agreement better than 0.036% in wavenumber and 1.64% in intensity (up to a 260-fold intensity ratio employed) was observed. Our results suggest that rapid ex post facto digital optimal filtering can be used to enhance S/N for routine trace gas detection. Received: 1 April 2002 / Revised version: 7 May 2002 / Published online: 21 August 2002 RID="*" ID="*"Corresponding author. Fax: +1-509/376-6066, E-mail: robert.disselkamp@pnl.gov     

New Developments in the Eight Vertex Model II. Chains of Odd Length

We study the transfer matrix of the 8 vertex model with an odd number of lattice sites N. For systems at the root of unity pointsη=mK/L with m odd the transfer matrix is known to satisfy the famous ‘‘TQ’’ equation where Q(υ) is a specifically known matrix. We demonstrate that the location of the zeroes of this Q(υ) matrix is qualitatively different from the case of evenN and in particular they satisfy a previously unknown equation which is more general than what is often called ‘‘Bethe’s equation.’’ For the case of even m where no Q(υ) matrix is known we demonstrate that there are many states which are not obtained from the formalism of the SOS model but which do satisfy the TQ equation. The ground state for the particular case of η=2K/3 and N odd is investigated in detail.