冠醚化合物对乳剂晶体外延生长的调变作用

本工作研究了冠醚化合物在外延乳剂生长过程中的调变作用。结果表明,1,4,7,10,13,16-六氧杂环十八烷对AgBr八面体乳剂无侵蚀作用,对非同晶系晶体之间的外延不起调变作用。1,7,10,16-四氟-4,13-二氮代杂环十八烷均使AgBr八面体乳剂的棱角产生了不同程度的侵蚀,可充当不同晶系晶体外延生长的调变剂,对晶体的溶解侵蚀能力依2S-18-C-6,2N-18-C-6,18-C-6的次序降低。这与它们同Ag⁺络合能力的强弱一致。2S-18-C-6,2N-18-C-6仅对非同晶系晶体之间的外延起调度作用,而对同晶系晶体的外延不起调查作用。冠醚化合物对晶体外延生长的调变作用与冠醚化合物对晶体的络合溶解作用有关。     

镧系金属硫氰酸盐与‘四氧二氮’大环配合物

本文报道合成了‘四氧二氮’大环配体(1,7,10,16-四氧杂-4,13-二氮杂环十八烷)同La、Nd、Yb的硫氰酸盐的固体配合物。作配合物的合成中,为防止镧系金属离子的水解,加入原甲酸三乙酯作为脱水剂,而无需严格无水,因此操作方便。 所用试剂二乙腈为分析纯;镧系金属硫氰酸盐为本实验室制备,含4—5结晶水;原甲酸三乙酯为化学纯。     

氯铂酸(钠)-冠醚络合物及对氢化硅烷化反应的催化作用的研究

对氢化硅烷化反应所用铂催化剂已进行了大量的研究,但以氯铂酸(钠)的冠醚络合物作为氢化硅烷化反应的催化剂至今未见报导。冠醚用于铂系金属的络合多是以含氯,含硫的环状化合物为配体。氯铂酸(钠)冠醚络合物的研究旨在寻求室温惰性、高温有良好活性和能反复使用的新型氢化硅烷化反应催化剂。本文报导了氯铂酸及其钠盐和18-冠-9及1,7,10,16-四氧-4,13,二氮环十八烷(简称([2,2])的冠醚络合物的合成,物性及其对不饱和化合物的硅氢加成反应的催化活性和选     

新型大环聚醚的合成及配位性能

本文报道一类新型大环聚醚的合成.在以1,7-二氧杂-4,10-二氮杂环十二烷(1a)及1,7,10,16-四氧杂-4,13-二氮杂环十八烷(1b)中的两个仲胺上进行含醚键的卤代烷取代反应,获得一批带有两个含有侧链醚键的新型冠醚.以碳酸钾为缩合剂,所得冠醚碱金属配合物经酸分解及四甲基氢氧化铵处理后,得游离的大环聚醚. 用溶解度法初步测定了这类冠醚对碱金属的配位性能.结果指出,其母环及侧链上氧原子数的多少及碱金属离子半径的大小均影响配合物的稳定性,其中有些冠醚对碱金属有良好的配位能力,有的还具有优异的选择性,例如N,N′-β-甲氧基乙基-1,7-二氧杂-4,10-二氮杂环十二烷(13a)对钾及钠离子的选择比大于18-c-β,并比4,4′(5′)-二甲基苯并-30-c-10还高.     

Co(Ⅱ)、Ni(Ⅱ)同‘四氧二氮’大环配合物的研究(Ⅲ)——Co(Ⅱ)离子同1,7,10,16-四氧杂-4,13-二氮杂环十八烷固休配合物的合成和性质

合成了四个Co(Ⅱ)离子同1,7,10,16-四氧杂-4,13-二氮杂环十八烷的固体配合物。经IR、电子光谱、电导、DTA-TG、磁性以及元素分析等推算了它们的组成,指派了谱带的归属,并从电子光谱数据用配位场方法计算了D_q值、B值和β值,计算结果与实验观察值相符。     

冠醚对溴化银乳剂的增感作用

近年来,已有将冠醚化合物用于卤化银感光乳剂中的一些报道^[1-4]。为了改善卤化银感光材料的性能,我们将合成的一种新冠醚——N-对甲苯磺酰基-7-氮杂-1,4,10,13-四硫杂环十六烷(NTsTTH)用于卤化银乳剂中,发现它能提高卤化银乳剂的感光度。     

相转移催化反应研究——Ⅰ.相转移催化剂在二卤卡宾与对-甲基苯乙烯加成反应中结构效应

本文研究了不同结构的季铵盐、季鏻盐、常用冠醚以及N,N＇-二取代氦杂冠醚等相转移催化剂,催化产生的二溴卡宾与对-甲基苯乙烯的加成反应。结果证明,具有对称烷基结构的季铵盐的催化性能优于碳链较长、对称性较差的手铵盐。在冠醚类相转移催化剂中,新型N,N＇-二取代氮杂冠醚优于常用冠醚及穴醚[2.2.2]。在十九种相转移催化剂中,以N,N＇-双(3＇、6＇-二氧杂癸烷基)-1,7,10,16-四氧杂-4,13-二氮杂环十八烷[简称二丁基2.2(2.2)]的催化性能最佳。简要讨论了鎓盐及大环多醚的PTC反应机理及催化性能,还比较了氘代氯仿、氘代氢氧化钠重水体系进行的相转移催化反应。     

光敏元的化学增感对以甲基苯并三氮唑银为银源的光敏热成像材料感光性能的影响

研究了把经传统化学增感即硫增感、金增感、S+Au增感、二甲氨基硼烷(DMAB)还原增感的AgBr乳剂引入光敏热成像(PTG)体系后对PTG材料感光性能的影响。结果表明,AgBr乳剂经传统化学增感后感光度均大幅增加,其中经S+Au增感后感光度可较未增感的提高6倍,将增感后的AgBr乳剂作为PTG体系的光敏元,PTG材料在感光度增加的同时灰雾并没有明显地增加。以S+Au增感和还原增感的效果为最佳,感光度可增加4倍。     

Co(Ⅱ)、Ni(Ⅱ)同四氧二氮大环配体配合物的研究 Ⅰ.NiCl_2、Ni(ClO_4)_2同四氧二氮大环配体配合物的合成和性质

由于冠醚化合物对碱金属和碱土金属离子有特异的配合能力而被广泛研究,但是它们对过渡金属离子的配合作用并不特征.根据路易斯酸碱理论,在冠醚环上以氮原子部分代替氧原子后,可预期改变它们对金属离子的配合能力和选择性.1969年Lehn等人首次合成了含氮原子的冠醚化合物——1,7,10,16-四氧杂-4,13-二氮杂环十八烷(以下简称四氧二氮大环).之后曾有人对其与碱金属和过渡金属离子在溶液中配合物的生成常数进行了测定,同时国内外又相继报道了以该配体为母体的带有不同侧链的一系列衍生物.这些工作的目的都在于提高它们对金属离子的选择性.迄今为止,该配体同过渡金属离子形成配合物的研究报道很少.我们合成了四氧二氮大环同NiCl_2·6H_2O和Ni(ClO_4)_2·4～5H_2O的配合物.经元素分析确定了它们的组成,测定了配合物的红外光谱、电导、差热-热重分析,电子光谱、磁性,并对中心离子的d-d跃迁谱带进行了指派,计算了D_q值和B值.     

传统化学增感对PVA为粘合剂的光敏热成像材料的光敏性的影响

以水性聚乙烯醇(PVA)为粘合剂,以异位法制备的颗粒尺寸为140nm的AgBr乳剂作光敏元,考察了传统化学增感方法对PTG材料的光敏性影响.实验结果表明,分别将经过硫增感、金增感、硫加金增感以及还原增感的AgBr乳剂加入到PTG体系中,均提高了PTG体系的光敏性,而灰雾却没有明显的增长.     

DFT study of the carbon‐ and nitrogen‐pivot lariat crown ethers and their complexes with alkali metal cations: Na+, K+

In this work, a quantum mechanical research of five lariat crown ethers(LCEs), 2‐methoxy‐15‐crown‐5( A ), N‐methoxy‐4‐aza‐15‐crown‐5( B ), N‐methoxy‐4‐aza‐18‐crown‐6( C ), N‐methoxyethyl‐4‐aza‐18‐crown‐6( D ), N,N′‐bis(2‐metho xyethyl)‐4,13‐diaza‐18‐crown‐6( E ), which are based on either 15‐crown‐5 or 18‐crown‐6 frameworks and contain various pendant arms extending from either carbon or nitrogen atoms on the crown frameworks, had been done using density functional theory with B3LYP/6‐31G* method to obtain the electronic and geometrical structures of the LCEs and their complexes with alkali metal ions: Na⁺ and K⁺. The nucleophilicity of LCEs had been investigated by the Fukui functions. For complexes, the match between the cation and cavity size, the status of interaction between alkali metal ions and donor atoms in the LCEs, and the sidearm effect of the LCEs had been analyzed through the other calculated parameters, such as, highest occupied molecular orbital energy, lowest unoccupied molecular orbital energy, and energy gaps. In addition, the enthalpies of complexation reaction had been studied by the calculated thermodynamic data (298 K). The calculated results are all in a good agreement with the experimental data for the complexes. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Comput Chem 2009     

溴化稀土冠醚配合物LnBr3(18-C-6)·nH2O的振动光谱与结构

本文合成了溴化稀土冠醚配合物, 测定了3500—100 cm~(-1)的付里叶红外和激光喇曼光谱, 并由振动光谱推断LnBr_3(18-C-6)·nH_2O的可能分子结构。     

Lead(II) complexes with macrocyclic receptors derived from 4,13-diaza-18-crown-6

The complexation properties of three related macrocycles derived from 4,13-diaza-18-crown-6 toward lead(II) are reported. The flexible macrocycle N,N'-bis(2-aminobenzyl)-4,13-diaza-18-crown-6 (L(2)) forms stable complexes with this metal ion in the presence of different counterions (perchlorate and thiocyanate). The X-ray crystal structure of [PbL(2)](SCN)(2) indicates that, in the solid state, the lead(II) ion is eight-coordinated and fits quite well into the crown hole favoring an anti arrangement of the organic receptor, which generates a very infrequent cubic coordination polyhedron around the Pb(II) ion. In solution both complexes are fluxional and the nature of the counterion seems to affect the dynamic behavior. Ligand L(3), N,N'-bis[(2-salicylaldimino)benzyl]-4,13-diaza-18-crown-6, derives from L(2) by condensation of salicylaldehyde with the amine group of each side arm. It can be deprotonated to yield cationic complexes of formula [Pb(L(3)-H)](+) where the metal ion lies asymmetrically on the cavity of the ligand, being seven-coordinated and pushed out from the crown hole, the bibracchial lariat ether presents a syn arrangement, and one of the arms remains uncoordinated. The lead(II) ion also lies asymmetrically on the cavity of the third macrocycle (L(7)), a lateral macrobicycle incorporating a phenolyl Schiff-base spacer. Spectrophotometric titrations of L(2) and (L(3)-2H)(2)(-) with lead(II) perchlorate in acetonitrile gave values of log K[PbL(2)] = 7.7(5) and log K[Pb(L(3)-2H)] = 7.2(3), demonstrating that the stability of the lead(II) complexes with these two ligands is very similar.     

端烯丙基冠醚的合成

本文合成了六个不同结构的端烯丙基冠醚,除冠醚1、2外,其它均为新化合物,其结构均经IR、^1HNMR、MS和元素分析的数据所证实。     

希土冠醚配合物的电子结构

本文用INDO方法计算了希土冠醚配合物的分子构型、电子结构、电荷分布和键级,讨论了配位前后电荷分布特征,以及由于配位引起L→L_n电荷转移跟配合物电子结合能化学位移和配位活化的关系,解释了因冠醚内腔不同希土冠醚配合物呈现不同构型的内在原因。希土冠醚配合物的占据分子轨道以配位体轨道成分为主体(4f轨道除外),低空轨道以希土原子轨道成分为主体。其占据分子轨道可分为六组。冠醚环上引入苯环后配合物前线轨道呈现π键性质。其价键的主要贡献部份是5d轨道,其次是6p和6s。4f轨道基本上不参与成键。讨论了配合物的化学键性质及高配位数时稳定的因素。     

色层法检测王冠化合物对稀土元素的络合能力

本文应用反相纸色层法和静态吸附平衡法检测了王冠化合物与稀土离子之间的络合能力和水相阴离子类型对络合能力的影响。所用的王冠化合物有:B-15-C-5,DB-18-C-6,四氢呋喃丙酮四聚体,DB-18-C-6-甲醛缩聚物和B-15-C-5-甲醛缩聚物。得到如下主要结果:1.不同王冠化合物的络合能力顺序是;B-15-C-5>DB-18-C-6》四氢呋喃丙酮吗聚体,另B-15-C-5-甲醛缩聚物>DB-18-C-6-甲醛缩聚物。2.稀土离子络合能力的顺序是:Sm³⁺Er³⁺=La³⁺(反相纸色层法),Er³⁺>Eu³⁺>La³⁺(吸附平衡法)。3.与不同阴离子缔合的离子对的稳定性顺序是:苦味酸根>三氯代乙酸根>磺基水杨酸根》Cl^-、NO₃^-、ClO₄^-及SO₄⁼。     

Synthesis and characterisation of helical beta-peptide architectures that contain (S)-beta3-HDOPA(Crown Ether) derivatives

A new set of beta-amino acids that carry various crown ether receptors on their side chains of the general formula (S)-beta(3)-HDOPA(crown ether) (HDOPA: homo-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine; (crown ether): [15]crown-5 ([15-C-5]), [18]crown-6 ([18-C-6]), [21]crown-7 ([21-C-7]), 1,2-Benzo-[24]crown-8 ([Benzo-24-C-8]) and (R)-Binol-[20]crown-6 ([(R)-Binol-20-C-6])) was prepared. Peptides that are based on these new crowned beta-amino acids combined with (1S,2S)-ACHC (2-aminocyclohexanecarboxylic acid), which is known to be a potent 3(14)-helix inducer, to the hexamer level, with two crowned residues at the i and i+3 positions of the main-chain, were synthesized in solution by stepwise coupling using Boc-N(alpha)-protection (Boc: tert-butoxycarbonyl) and the EDC/HOAt C-activation method. Their conformational analysis was performed by using FTIR absorption, NMR and CD spectroscopy techniques. Our results are in full agreement with a 3(14)-helix conformation.     

Macrocycles as components of gas-chromatographic phases

The use of crown compounds (18-crown-6, benzo-18-crown-6, dibenzo-18-crown-6, benzo-15-crown-5, dibenzo-24-crown-8, 4,13-diaza-18-crown-6,4,13-dibenzyl-diaza-18-crown-6, and cryptand [2.2.2]) as components of stationary phases in the determination of organic compounds by gas chromatography is studied. The polarity, selectivity, efficiency, and working temperature ranges of stationary phases based on crown ethers and cryptand as well as conventional stationary phases for gas chromatography are compared. The influence of the type and number of heteroatoms, the conformational lability of the cavity, and the presence of substituents on the polarity and selectivity of the stationary phases under study is revealed. Preferable types of interactions of stationary phases containing crown compounds with organic compounds of different classes are discussed. It is concluded that phases of the mixed type based on crown ethers are promising for improving the selectivity and efficiency of gas-chromatographic separation     

冠醚配合物的研究XIII:三种大环配体液膜传输碱金属离子的动力学

本文报道以2,3-苯并-11-甲基-18-冠-6,2,3-苯并-8,15-二甲基-18-冠-6和2,3-苯并-8-11,15-三甲基-18-冠-6为液膜载体,研究其对碱金属离子的传输,发现当水相金属盐浓度和膜相配体相近时,金属离子的传输为串联一级反应,求得了串级速率常数,并讨论了传输速率和配位作用的关系及载体结构的影响.