新生儿护理措施与常见疾病预防的关系探讨

通过对15 128例新生儿护理的总结,建立了一套更适合新生儿生长、发育和常见病预防的护理措施。     

护理干预用于新生儿窒息复苏的效果观察

目的探讨对窒息的新生儿采用护理干预的临床复苏效果。方法选取2013年1月至2014年12月新生窒息患儿100例,随机分成两组,对照组采用常规护理,研究组采用视听刺激、抚触、运动等系统性护理干预,对两组新生患儿进行适应能力(NACS)评分和阿氏评分(Apgar评分)以及病死率等的数据采用t进行检验方法。结果与对照组相比,研究组NACS评分所得总分与Apgar评分≥8分所占比例均明显更高(P0.05),研究组病死率也显著降低(P0.05)。结论窒息的新生儿临床复苏采用系统性护理干预,可以很好的提高新生患儿的适应能力,降低患儿的病死率,是理想的窒息新生儿临床复苏的护理方法,值得在临床上推广使用。     

新生儿体温监测护理技巧的探讨

总结了新生儿体温监测的护理技巧，对提高新生儿存活率和生存质量有一定意义。     

新生儿及其乳母碘营养状况探讨

为了解杭州部分地区现行加碘盐含量是否满足孕妇分娩时碘营养需求,采用碘铈催化分光光度法对79对新生儿及其母亲尿碘进行了检测。结果表明,新生儿组尿碘明显高于其母亲组(t=22.62,P<0.01)。新生儿的尿碘与其母亲尿碘含量呈正相关(r=0.862,P<0.01),母亲组尿碘小于100μg/L,有9人,占本组11.4%。新生儿组有10人及其母亲组有57人,尿碘在100~200μg/L,分别占本组的12.7%和72.2%。表明母亲组碘营养轻度不足比例较高。     

抚触对新生儿母乳性黄疸的疗效观察

为探讨抚触新生儿对母乳性黄疸的影响,将72例新生儿母乳性黄疸患儿随机分为抚触组和对照组,观察了母乳性黄疸消退情况。结果表明,抚触组新生儿母乳性黄疸消退较明显。提示抚触是一种简单实用的护理技术,可促进新生儿母乳性黄疸的消退,值得推广。     

早期护理干预在新生儿黄疸治疗效果的影响

目的探讨早期护理干预对新生儿黄疸治疗效果的影响。方法对照组患儿采取常规护理,实验组患儿采取早期护理干预。观察患儿胎便初排时间和胎便转黄时间;观察患儿干预前后血清胆红素、体质量变化情况。结果实验组患儿胎便初排时间和胎便转黄时间均低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05),实验组患儿干预后血清胆红素、体质量均优于干预前和对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05),对照组患儿干预后血清胆红素优于干预前,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论早期护理干预对新生儿黄疸治疗效果有积极的影响,能够缩短患儿胎便初排时间和胎便转黄时间,改善患儿血清胆红素、体质量水平。     

抚触护理对新生儿高胆红素血症的影响

目的探讨抚触护理对新生儿高胆红素血症的影响。方法选取江西省萍乡湘雅萍矿医院2012年8月至2015年1月收治的96例高胆红素血症患儿作为研究对象。按照入院顺序随机均分为实验组和对照组,对照组患儿进行常规护理,实验组患儿在对照组护理的基础上进行抚触护理。观察患儿经皮胆红素指数、住院时间、黄疸持续时间。结果护理干预前,两组患儿经皮胆红素指数水平对比,差异无统计学意义(P0.05);护理干预后,两组患儿经皮胆红素指数水平均低于护理干预前,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);护理干预后,实验组患儿经皮胆红素指数水平低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。实验组患儿住院时间、黄疸持续时间均低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论抚触护理对新生儿高胆红素血症有积极的影响,能够改善患儿经皮胆红素指数水平,缩短患儿住院时间、黄疸持续时间,临床应用价值较高。     

医院母婴日常护理工作评估体系浅析

对医院长期母婴日常护理工作进行了总结和分析。从长期医院母婴日常护理工作的实践和总结分析,提出了医院如何把母婴的卫生护理、营养护理和心理护理纳入产期日常护理工作评估体系的新见解,给医院的产期护理工作如何全面的评估和健康发展做参考。     

综合护理干预对妊娠高血压综合征患者血压及妊娠结局的影响

目的探讨综合护理干预对妊娠高血压综合征患者血压及妊娠结局的影响。方法选取2012年6月至2015年2月来江西省新余市中医院接受治疗的88例PIH患者作为研究对象。按照入院顺序抽签后随机分为实验组和对照组,对照组患者进行常规护理。实验组患者在对照组护理的基础上,进行综合护理干预。观察患者血压、分娩方式结局、胎儿结局。结果实验组护理后收缩压和舒张压均低于对照组和护理前(P0.05)。实验组早产、产后出血、胎盘早剥、剖宫产总发生率均低于对照组(P0.05)。实验组胎儿窘迫、新生儿窒息总发生率均低于对照组(P0.05)。结论综合护理干预能够降低妊娠高血压综合征患者的血压,改善妊娠结局。     

多巴胺持续头皮静脉输液的局部皮肤变化临床观察及护理

新生儿缺血缺氧性脑病是围产期窒息后严重的脑损伤并发症，是新生儿致残和死亡的主要原因之一。临床上在常规治疗的同时加用多巴胺持续静脉输液，以改善缺血缺氧情况；做好穿刺部位的护理，是顺利执行医嘱，防止发生新的机体损伤，避免增加患儿痛苦的关键。     

The use of mass spectrometry in obstetric and gynecology

The present review shows the utility of using mass spectrometry (MS) in obstetrics and gynecology. In this review different gas chromatography / mass spectrometry and liquid chromatography / mass spectrometry methods developed before to be used in obstetrics and gynecology are described. These methods are very useful to determine different hormones in pregnancy, fatty acids esters (related to the use of ethanol) in human meconium and toxic compounds in umbilical cord (as ethanol, steroids, morphine, cocaine, methadone and other drugs). It is also shown in this review the progress during last decades in the field of using mass spectrometry in obstetrics and gynecology (for screening in utero exposure of the child to alcohol, drugs and other toxic compounds). In the field of using mass spectrometry in obstetrics and gynecology are still many problems to solve. For example, the detection of fatty acids esters in meconium has several limitations, which affects the results. One limitation is multiple births. Also in fetal distress, meconium may be passed before birth, and in this case, the collection is impossible. Moreover the meconium is formed starting from the fourth month of pregnancy, so the fetal exposure at any toxic compounds during the first three months cannot be detected at all. To solve all of these, the best would be to combine the results obtained from meconium, with other results obtained from pregnancy serum, placenta or umbilical cord. The main reason for using MS in obstetrics and gynecology is that MS is a noninvasive and a complementary method. It offers the results at a very early point in time, even before the act of birth. Sometimes the use of mass spectrometry is the only alternative. This shows that these methods are of great interest for the future and need to be developed further.      

In-vivo neutron activation analysis for diagnosis and therapeutic monitoring

In-vivo neutron activation analysis (IVNAA) is now routinely used for the diagnosis and therapeutic monitoring of many diseases e.g. those of the skeletal system and those involving nutrition. Total body calcium (TBCa) and total body nitrogen(TBN) measurement are two such procedures. IVNAA facilities are designed for patient comfort and ease of operation in a hospital setting. They use portable isotopic neutron sources and conventional electronics. They are effective, non-invasive and, often, revenue generating in health care settings. They are now becoming common in health care facilities.     

Application of the NIAZ frame of reference; impact on a departmental level

The Netherlands Institute for Accreditation of Hospitals generated a general ”quality standard” applicable to the total quality management of a hospital. In addition departmental standards (NIAZ) are used as a frame of reference within their particular section of the hospitals. So two levels of standards (on an institutional and departmental level) are present and mutually tuned. Both levels can either lead towards a departmental accreditation certificate or a total hospital accreditation certificate. This approach represents a potential that will become extremely important in the future. These various levels should assure and assess their independent as well as joined quality to lead to an overall total quality management system. Various systems applied in Dutch health care, such as NIAZ, EFQM (INK), are discussed. Their use in the hospital setting, the application of indicators and the implications at departmental level are evaluated.     

消毒供应中心(室)的风险管理

为探讨消毒供应中心（室）的风险管理，提高防范意识，减少风险事件的发生等，分析了消毒供应中心的风险因素，提出了风险防范措施，包括：合理的建筑布局，配置必要的设备，规范工作流程，完善工作制度，制订质量标准等。结果表明，规范化的管理是降低消毒供应室医院感染风险的有效保证。     

Wearable electrochemical sensors for noninvasive monitoring of health—a perspective

Global problems today such as aging society and rising health costs have made preventive care and health monitoring increasingly important, so research on wearable electrochemical sensors for noninvasive monitoring of health has become very popular during the past several years. But the new technologies cannot be some dues ex machine who wrought changes overnight. Problems about fundamentals of electrochemistry under wearable conditions, software algorithms to treat signal artifacts in the real wearable detection, reliable sensors for prolonged wearable sensing in body fluid, platforms for tests of newly developed sensors, validation of test results, reproducible and standardized sampling methods, as well as clinical significance of wearable testing data still require to be addressed. The short review is not to include all important works recently published or reach any conclusion but to focus on the challenges as well as some of the promising approaches that help to overcome these challenges.     

The German perspective of using the EFQM model in medical laboratories

The financial resources of health care services are only nominally growing in Germany. Therefore, the politicians have been forced to act. Up to now, a fixed limit of remuneration should not affect the quality of patient management. However, these primary economic issues have initiated positive and negative reactions from the laboratory medicine community. In hospital laboratories the challenge is to realise continuous improvement of service quality but at the same time reduce costs. This can only be achieved by introducing total quality management (TQM) and measuring the quality obtained by the European Foundation for Quality Management (EFQM) model. Predominantly formal attempts to improve quality at the level of ”enablers” such as certification (ISO 9000) or accreditation (EN 45000, ISO 15189) will not solve these problems. Two groups in Germany work on TQM and EFQM: the Working Group ”Laboratory Management” of the German, Austrian and Swiss Societies for Laboratory Medicine and for Clinical Chemistry, and the Institute for Quality Management in Medical Laboratories (INQUAM). Their work has resulted in several books on the subject, successful propagation of application of the EFQM model and a proposal for a formalized ”certification” procedure according to the model.     

The Australian health care system.

Medicare is Australia's universal system of health insurance, which is based on the principles of equity. It provides free accommodation and treatment in public hospitals and entitlement to medical services. Laboratories receive reimbursement from Medicare if they are accredited. Hospital funding may be directly funded, whereas in some States the funding is through structures such as Health Areas. There are increasing moves to determine the hospital share of funding based on the number and types of hospital cases. To lower the cost of Medicare, the Federal Government is considering reforms including those which will allow private health insurers to negotiate with doctors and hospitals. Some of the major issues facing the health care system are: (1) how best to deliver care to Aboriginal Australians, (2) overspending, particularly in high-technology medicine, and (3) provision of health care for the small but significant number of Australians who do not live in major metropolitan centers.     

红珍珠降糖胶囊中微量元素营养研究

红珍珠降糖胶囊是具有显著降低血糖水平,确定糖尿病患者康复的绿色营养保健食品。通过红珍珠降糖胶囊中Cr、Mn、Cu、Zn、Mg等微量元素的分析测试以及与青海小麦、膳食日摄取量等对比研究,表明红珍珠降糖胶囊富含涉及糖尿病的微量元素,在降低血粮糖水平方面具有十分重要的营养学、功效学作用和意义。     

Point-of-Care Testing for the Detection of MicroRNAs: Towards Liquid Biopsy on a Chip

Point-of-care (PoC) testing is revolutionizing the healthcare sector improving patient care in daily hospital practice and allowing reaching even remote geographical areas. In the frame of cancer management, the design and validation of PoC enabling the non-invasive, rapid detection of cancer markers is urgently required to implement liquid biopsy in clinical practice. Therefore, focusing on stable blood-based markers with high-specificity, such as microRNAs, is of crucial importance. In this work, we highlight the potential impact of circulating microRNAs detection on cancer management and the crucial role of PoC testing devices, especially for low-income countries. A detailed discussion about the challenges that should be faced to promote the technological transfer and clinical use of these tools has been added, to provide the readers with a complete overview of potentialities and current limitations.