An EOQ model for perishable products with discounted selling price and stock dependent demand

A single item economic order quantity model is considered in which the demand is stock dependent. After a certain time the product starts to deteriorate and due to visualization effect and other aspects of deterioration the demand becomes constant. In that situation a discount on selling price provides significant increment in demand rate. In this paper we investigate how much discount on selling price may be given during deterioration to maximize the profit per unit time and whether a pre-deterioration discount affects the unit profit or not. A mathematical model is developed incorporating both pre- and post deterioration discounts on unit selling price, where analytical results reveal some important characteristics of discount structure. A numerical example is presented and sensitivity analysis of the model is carried out.     

A fractional‐order model for chronic lymphocytic leukemia and immune system interactions

In this study, a mathematical, fractional‐order model was developed for B cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia, with immune system, and then analyzed. Interactions between B leukemia cells, natural killer cells, cytotoxic T cells, and T‐helper cells are considered to be incorporated into a system consisting of four fractional differential equations. For estimation of the parameters, clinical data of six patients were used. By numerical solution of the system, the interactions between the leukemia cell population and the immune system cell populations for values of α ∈ (0,1) at different times were explained. By determining points of equilibrium and stability of the system were met. Bifurcation analysis showed that use of the fractional‐order model, figure out unpredictable behaviors of the system such as saddle‐node, bistability and hysteresis phenomenon occurred in the system by changing the values of some of the parameters, it was predictable.     

An asymptotic approach for a semi‐Markovian inventory model of type (s,S)

In this study, we constructed a stochastic process (X(t)) that expresses a semi‐Markovian inventory model of type (s, S) and it is shown that this process is ergodic under some weak conditions. Moreover, we obtained exact and asymptotic expressions for the n^th order moments (n = 1,2,3, … ) of ergodic distribution of the process X(t), as S ? s → ∞ . Finally, we tested how close the obtained approximation formulas are to the exact expressions. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.