金属有机化学中的绿色化学反应进展

着重综述了金属有机化学领域中所涉及的与绿色化学概念有关的一些化学反应,如水相反应、超临界流体及离子液体中的反应、固态反应、原子经济性及过渡金属催化的有机反应。     

烟花中绽放北京奥运理念——绿色化学诠释新北京新奥运

介绍了中国烟花发生和发展的历史梗概,以及烟花中的化学知识和化学反应原理,阐述了北京奥运会和残奥会上烟花所体现出来的“科技奥运”、“绿色奥运”和“人文奥运”,诠释并展现了绿色化学的新视野。     

Five-membered ring systems with one heteroatom: Synthetic routes,chemical reactivity,and biological properties of furan-carboxamide analogues

This review described the synthetic methods, chemical reactivity and biological applications of furan carboxamide compounds. Furan-carboxamides are reported to have important and variable biological properties. The aim of this review is to highlight the chemistry and biological importance of this class of bioactive compounds. The basic sections covers: structure studies, synthetic methods pathways, synthesis of different heterocycles, reactions and biological applications. The reactions mechanisms of the unexpected products are discussed. The present study covers all the published work on the furan-carboxamides until now.     

Software tools for green and sustainable chemistry

In this review, we consider green chemistry metrics, related software tools, and the opportunities and challenges for their use in research laboratories. We provide an overview of state-of-the-art software designed both to aid researchers in planning and conducting chemical experiments and to assess sustainability of individual reactions and synthetic routes. The increasing digitalisation of research means that there is great opportunity for more extensive use of computational tools by synthetic chemists and for closer integration of green chemistry principles into the routine work of chemical laboratories. We discuss the scope for using software tools in the laboratory and assisting synthetic chemists in the adoption of green and sustainable chemistry approaches that are suitable for their specific purposes.     

Photochemical reactions as key steps in five-membered N-heterocycle synthesis

The chemists have been interested in light as an energy source to induce chemical reactions since the beginning of scientific chemistry. This review summarizes the chemistry of photochemical reactions with emphasis of their synthetic applications. The organic photochemical reactions avoid the polluting or toxic reagents and therefore offer perspectives for sustainable processes and green chemistry. In summary, this review article describes the synthesis of a number of five-membered N-heterocycles.     

基础有机化学实验教学内容的改革探索

对基础有机化学实验的教学内容进行了全方位、系统化的改革探索。对传统有机化学实验内容,增加了新的知识和实验技术。将有机人名反应、优秀的科研成果改编成新的实验教学项目,同时增设了新的微型实验、绿色实验、原子经济反应实验、全英实验。该实验内容新体系经过多年的教学实践,教学效果有显著提高。     

The safer chemical design game. Gamification of green chemistry and safer chemical design concepts for high school and undergraduate students

Green chemistry can strongly attract students to chemistry. We, therefore, developed a green chemistry educational game that motivates students at the undergraduate and advanced high school levels to consider green chemistry and sustainability concerns as they design a hypothetical, chemical product. The game is intended for incorporation into any chemistry course for majors and non-majors that teaches sustainability and/or the Principles of Green Chemistry at the undergraduate level. The game is free of charge and encourages students to think like professional chemical designers and to develop a chemical product with respect to function and improved human and environmental health. This computer simulation has been assessed by educators and can be seamlessly integrated into an existing curriculum.     

Overreact,an in silico lab: Automative quantum chemical microkinetic simulations for complex chemical reactions

Today's demand for precisely predicting chemical reactions from first principles requires research to go beyond Gibbs' free energy diagrams and consider other effects such as concentrations and quantum tunneling. The present work introduces overreact, a novel Python package for propagating chemical reactions over time using data from computational chemistry only. The overreact code infers all differential equations and parameters from a simple input that consists of a set of chemical equations and quantum chemistry package outputs for each chemical species. We evaluate some applications from the literature: gas-phase eclipsed-staggered isomerization of ethane, gas-phase umbrella inversion of ammonia, gas-phase degradation of methane by chlorine radical, and three solvation-phase reactions. Furthermore, we comment on a simple solvation-phase acid–base equilibrium. We show how it is possible to achieve reaction profiles and information matching experiments.     

量子化学模型方法在机械力化学中的应用

机械力化学作为一种无需溶剂的绿色化学技术得到广泛关注。然而,机械力化学反应机制需要从原子和分子尺度上深入理解力诱导的化学反应。在过去的20年中,量子化学模型方法在机械力化学机理研究中得到广泛应用,高精度量化计算可得到外力下变形分子的几何结构、能量、过渡态等诸多性质。本文介绍了目前机械力化学领域的主流量子化学模型的基本原理,同时也关注了这些模型方法在软件上的具体实现,并借助典型的案例阐述了量子化学模型在解释机械力化学机理中的作用与价值。     

交叉脱氢偶联反应*

发现高效高选择性的有机合成反应是有机合成化学研究中一个重要的发展方向。传统的有机合成化学是建立在官能团相互转化基础上的,又称官能团化学。非活泼化学键（如C-H键）的直接官能团化省去了一步甚至多步制备官能团化的反应底物,因此,非活泼化学键活化是提高有机合成反应效率的一个重要发展方向。交叉脱氢偶联（Cross-Dehydrogenative-Coupling,CDC）反应就是直接利用不同反应底物中的C-H键,在氧化条件下,进行脱氢偶联反应形成C-C键。交叉脱氢偶联反应实现了更短的合成路线和更高的原子利用效率,为直接利用简单的原料进行高效的复杂的有机合成任务提供了一种新的思路和手段。     

绿色化学及其绿色系统工程技术与环境友好

绿色化学理念的基本内涵既有微观意义又有宏观意义与工程技术的意义。绿色化学及其绿色技术在社会生产与生活、传统化学工业改造与创新、资源合理充分利用与循环再生、绿色净化与监测、环境保护与开发等方面发挥重要作用。实施绿色化学及其绿色系统工程技术,使社会生产、生活绿色化,实现人类与环境友好对话,建设“环境友好”家园,营造“环境和谐”生活,是坚持可持续发展、科学发展核心战略的重要举措,是当今世界人类面临的重大挑战与机遇。     

基于绿色化学理念的苯甲醛与安息香的相互转化

为了在基础教学实验中引入绿色化学理念以及强化氧化还原反应操作,本文设计了苯甲醛和安息香的相互转化实验:以苯甲醛为原料经维生素B1催化得到安息香,再用硼氢化钠还原安息香得到二苯乙二醇,二苯乙二醇用新型绿色催化剂NaMnOx氧化回到苯甲醛。通过氢核磁共振(1H NMR)对氧化还原反应的产物结构进行了鉴定,液相色谱分析结果表明氧化反应转化率达到90%以上。通过这一循环转化反应的实现,一方面树立了学生的绿色化学理念,另一方面加强了氧化及还原反应的操作训练,在进一步锻炼学生实验能力的同时,使其对化学反应的认知与评价更加完整。     

Synthesis of green nanocatalysts and industrially important green reactions

Abstract

There is a growing interest in applying green chemistry for nanocatalysis applications. On the basis of a Scifinder Scholar search, the field of applying green chemistry to catalysis with nanoparticles has undergone an explosive growth from year 2002 to present. It can be seen that green chemistry applied to nanocatalysis is a relatively hot area with much room for growth. I discuss several review articles written about the use of green nanocatalysts as well as green reactions. I discuss studies involving the synthesis of green nanocatalysts and application of metal nanocatalysts in green reactions. I have organized the discussion of green nanocatalysts by the type of nanoparticles that are synthesized and used as catalysts. I have organized discussions of green reactions by the type of green reaction that is being conducted. Overall, our review article discusses developments in new types of green nanocatalysts as well as developments in green catalytic reactions.     

Photochemical C–N bond forming reactions for the synthesis of five-membered fused N-heterocycles

Abstract

Few conversions cannot take place with ground-state reactions even with the help of a catalyst, therefore they are made to occur under photochemical conditions. The transfer of electrons took place even with the photochemical excitement of one molecule where redox reaction cannot occur at the ground state. The ground-state reactions resulted in the formation of side products. The substrates did not require any sort of chemical activation for C–N bond construction in the course of photochemical reactions. The source of energy; light has always been the interest of researchers in order to induce chemical reactions ever since the starting of scientific chemistry. The present review encloses the chemistry of photochemical transformations with a focus on their synthetic uses. The organic photochemical reactions prevent the polluting or harmful reagents thus, provides a possibility for sustainable procedures as well as green chemistry. This review article displays the formation of numerous of five-membered fused nitrogen-heterocyclic compounds.     

化学生物学在生物芯片技术中的角色

化学生物学是一个新兴的化学与生物学的交叉学科.它的基本任务是揭示生命运动的化学本质,发展生命调控的化学方法,提供生命研究的化学技术.本文以化学生物学在生物芯片技术发展中扮演的角色为例讨论当前化学生物学发展的特点.     

超临界甲醇在化学反应中的应用

超临界流体技术在绿色化工过程中的应用范围不断拓宽。由于超临界甲醇具有独特的物理和化学性质,它既是反应介质,也是反应物,因此,超临界甲醇下的化学反应研究得到人们广泛的关注。本文在介绍超临界甲醇独特的物理化学特性的基础上,综述了近年来超临界甲醇体系在有机合成、生物柴油的制备、生物质处理和高聚物的降解等方面的应用研究进展,重点对超临界甲醇下各种反应的影响因素进行了分析讨论。最后,展望了超临界甲醇在甲醇化工中的应用前景。     

论中学生化学元素观的建构

化学元素观是中学化学学习中的核心观念。化学元素观的建构有利于中学生对物质世界形成有序的认识,有利于中学生形成化学的思维方法。化学元素观建构的基本策略是:(1)在元素概念基础上形成物质的基本分类;(2)在原子结构认识的基础上理解元素是如何形成物质的;(3)在元素周期律学习的基础上形成元素性质研究的基本模型;(4)在专题性学习中建构化学元素观;(5)在元素观指导下的应用性学习中丰富元素观;(6)利用概念图技术帮助化学元素观的建构。     

中学绿色化学教育实施策略探讨

本文探讨了中学绿色化学教育实施的基本策略 :以确立可持续发展为化学教育的道德规诫和价值准则而更新观念 ,以融合多元文化价值、贯彻源头战略、体现原子经济性、寓能力培养于知识体系之中而整合内容 ,以开展绿色实验、运用现代媒体而创新手段等。     

凝聚态物质的冲击波化学及其应用

介绍了凝聚态物质冲击波化学近年来的发展概况。文中简单介绍了冲击波引起的化学反应的某些特点。列举了一些可能的应用,包括:超硬材料的合成,高技术陶瓷材料的制备和加工,非晶态金属的压实,无机物质的活化与合成,对有机物质引起的反应等。     

超分子体系的物理化学研究进展

本文介绍了超分子化学领域的研究进展, 评述了其中与物理化学有关的研究成果, 并从化学热力学、电化学、化学动力学、胶体与界面化学等几个主要方面加以讨论, 描述了超分子物理化学的基本框架。