Random Projections of Smooth Manifolds

We propose a new approach for nonadaptive dimensionality reduction of manifold-modeled data, demonstrating that a small number of random linear projections can preserve key information about a manifold-modeled signal. We center our analysis on the effect of a random linear projection operator Φ:ℝ ^N →ℝ ^M , M<N, on a smooth well-conditioned K-dimensional submanifold ℳ⊂ℝ ^N . As our main theoretical contribution, we establish a sufficient number M of random projections to guarantee that, with high probability, all pairwise Euclidean and geodesic distances between points on ℳ are well preserved under the mapping Φ. Our results bear strong resemblance to the emerging theory of Compressed Sensing (CS), in which sparse signals can be recovered from small numbers of random linear measurements. As in CS, the random measurements we propose can be used to recover the original data in ℝ ^N . Moreover, like the fundamental bound in CS, our requisite M is linear in the “information level” K and logarithmic in the ambient dimension N; we also identify a logarithmic dependence on the volume and conditioning of the manifold. In addition to recovering faithful approximations to manifold-modeled signals, however, the random projections we propose can also be used to discern key properties about the manifold. We discuss connections and contrasts with existing techniques in manifold learning, a setting where dimensionality reducing mappings are typically nonlinear and constructed adaptively from a set of sampled training data. This research was supported by ONR grants N00014-06-1-0769 and N00014-06-1-0829; AFOSR grant FA9550-04-0148; DARPA grants N66001-06-1-2011 and N00014-06-1-0610; NSF grants CCF-0431150, CNS-0435425, CNS-0520280, and DMS-0603606; and the Texas Instruments Leadership University Program. Web: dsp.rice.edu/cs.     

On Biholomorphy in Infinite Dimensions

In this article, we consider the question of when a holomorphic mapping on a domain in a complex Hilbert space into itself has a holomorphic inverse. We give a strengthened version of a known result that involves a Fredholm condition on the mapping. We show that holomorphic mappings on certain domains that are biholomorphic near the boundary are biholomorphic on the domain itself.      

Stable Phase Retrieval in Infinite Dimensions

Foundations of Computational Mathematics - The problem of phase retrieval is to determine a signal $$fin mathcal {H}$$ , with $$ mathcal {H}$$ a Hilbert space, from intensity measurements...     

Pseudo-Index of Fano Manifolds and Smooth Blow-Ups

Suppose π: X → Y is a smooth blow-up along a submanifold Z of Y between complex Fano manifolds X and Y of pseudo-indices i_X and i_Y respectively (recall that i_X is defined by i_X :=min {−K_X·C | C is a rational curve of X}). We prove that if 2 dim (Z) < dim (Y)+i_Y −1 and show that this result is optimal by classifying the ‘boundary’ cases. As expected, these results are obtained by studying rational curves on X and Y.     

Smooth Approximation of Orlicz-Sobolev Maps Between Manifolds

The problem of density of smooth functions in Orlicz-Sobolev spaces of maps between compact manifolds, without topological restrictions, is addressed. Our contribution refines earlier results in the literature via ad hoc Orlicz space techniques.     

A Stochastic Tikhonov Theorem in Infinite Dimensions

The present paper studies the problem of singular perturbation in the infinite-dimensional framework and gives a Hilbert-space-valued stochastic version of the Tikhonov theorem. We consider a nonlinear system of Hilbert-space-valued equations for a "slow" and a "fast" variable; the system is strongly coupled and driven by linear unbounded operators generating a C₀-semigroup and independent cylindrical Brownian motions. Under well-established assumptions to guarantee the existence and uniqueness of mild solutions, we deduce the required stability of the system from a dissipativity condition on the drift of the fast variable. We avoid differentiability assumptions on the coefficients which would be unnatural in the infinite-dimensional framework.     

Formulating Measure Differential Inclusions in Infinite Dimensions

Measure differential inclusions were introduced by J. J. Moreau to study sweeping processes, and have since been used to study rigid body dynamics and impulsive control problems. The basic formulation of an MDI is d / d (t) K(t) where is a vector measure, an unsigned measure, and K() is a set-valued map with closed, convex values and is hemicontinuous. Note that need not be absolutely continuous with respect to . Stewart extended Moreau's original concept (which applied only to cone-valued K()) to general convex sets, and gave strong and weak formulations of d / d (t) K(t) where K(t) R ⁿ . Here the strong and weak formulations of Stewart are extended to infinite-dimensional problems where K(t) X where X is a separable reflexive Banach space; they are shown to be equivalent under mild assumptions on K().     

Submanifolds in the Context of Infinite Dimensional Manifolds with Corners

In this paper we introduce new definitions of submanifold and immersion in the context of infinite dimensional manifolds with corners. We show that they are the natural concepts in this context by giving positive answers to the problems of transitivity of submanifolds, inverse image of submanifolds and transversality, the problem of good immersion in quadrants of Banach spaces and the relation between a map being differentiable and its graph being a submanifold.     

The Chern-Simons Invariants of Hyperbolic Manifolds Via Covering Spaces

One important invariant of a closed Riemannian 3-manifold isthe Chern–Simons invariant [1]. The concept was generalizedto hyperbolic 3-manifolds with cusps in [11], and to geometric(spherical, euclidean or hyperbolic) 3-orbifolds, as particularcases of geometric cone-manifolds, in [7]. In this paper, westudy the behaviour of this generalized invariant under changeof orientation, and we give a method to compute it for hyperbolic3-manifolds using virtually regular coverings [10]. We confineourselves to virtually regular coverings because a coveringof a geometric orbifold is a geometric manifold if and onlyif the covering is a virtually regular covering of the underlyingspace of the orbifold, branched over the singular locus. Thereforeour work is the most general for the applications in mind; namely,computing volumes and Chern–Simons invariants of hyperbolicmanifolds, using the computations for cone-manifolds for whicha convenient Schläfli formula holds (see [7]). Among otherresults, we prove that every hyperbolic manifold obtained asa virtually regular covering of a figure-eight knot hyperbolicorbifold has rational Chern–Simons invariant. We giveexplicit examples with computations of volumes and Chern–Simonsinvariants for some hyperbolic 3-manifolds, to show the efficiencyof our method. We also give examples of different hyperbolicmanifolds with the same volume, whose Chern–Simons invariants(mod ) differ by a rational number, as well as pairs of differenthyperbolic manifolds with the same volume and the same Chern–Simonsinvariant (mod ). (Examples of this type were also obtainedin [12] and [9], but using mutation and surgery techniques,respectively, instead of coverings as we do here.) 1991 MathematicsSubject Classification 57M50, 51M10, 51M25.     

Regularity and Algebras of Analytic Functions in Infinite Dimensions

A Banach space is known to be Arens regular if every continuous linear mapping from to is weakly compact. Let be an open subset of , and let denote the algebra of analytic functions on which are bounded on bounded subsets of lying at a positive distance from the boundary of We endow with the usual Fréchet topology. denotes the set of continuous homomorphisms . We study the relation between the Arens regularity of the space and the structure of .

     

Computation of k1 Via mennicke symbols

For any ring A, the group K₁A is filtered by the Whitehead determinants of invertible matrices over A of different sizes. We want to compute the corresponding graded group (especially the highest degree non-zero term) in terms of symbols which generalize Mennicke’s symbol. In particular, we generalize the Bass-Milnor-Serre result which presents SK₁A of a Dedekind ring A via the Mennicke symbol, to an arbitrary commutative ring A satisfying the Bass second stable range condition. As an application, SK₁ is computed for some rings of continuous functions. Some of our theorems are partially known, but we have often weakened hypotheses, using stable range conditions rather than Krull dimension (having in mind applications to rings of continuous functions).     

Absolute Continuity in Infinite Dimensions and Anticipating Stochastic Calculus

We generalize the change of variables formula for infinite dimensional integrals with respect to the Gaussian and exponential densities to the case of the uniform measure. The presentation of the result and its interpretation in terms of stochastic processes and anticipating stochastic calculus is unified. The expression of the Radon–Nykodim density function uses a Carleman–Fredholm determinant and a divergence operator.     

Contingent Solutions for the Bellman Equation in Infinite Dimensions

The present paper is concerned with the study of the Hamilton–Jacobi–Bellman equation for the time optimal control problem associated with infinite-dimensional linear control systems from the point of view of continuous contingent solutions.     

On the Singularities of the Exponential Map in Infinite Dimensional Riemannian Manifolds

Using symplectic techniques and spectral analysis of smooth paths of self-adjoint operators, we characterize the set of conjugate instants along a geodesic in an infinite dimensional Riemannian Hilbert manifold.The last three authors are partially sponsored by CNPq.     

Computation of Quasiperiodic Normally Hyperbolic Invariant Tori: Rigorous Results

The development of efficient methods for detecting quasiperiodic oscillations and computing the corresponding invariant tori is a subject of great importance in dynamical systems and their applications in science and engineering. In this paper, we prove the convergence of a new Newton-like method for computing quasiperiodic normally hyperbolic invariant tori carrying quasiperiodic motion in smooth families of real-analytic dynamical systems. The main result is stated as an a posteriori KAM-like theorem that allows controlling the inner dynamics on the torus with appropriate detuning parameters, in order to obtain a prescribed quasiperiodic motion. The Newton-like method leads to several fast and efficient computational algorithms, which are discussed and tested in a companion paper (Canadell and Haro in J Nonlinear Sci, 2017. doi: 10.1007/s00332-017-9388-z), in which new mechanisms of breakdown are presented.     

Computation of an Infinite Integral Using Romberg'S Method

A numerical computation in crystallography involves the integral g(a)=₀ ⁺[(exp ^x +exp^–x ) ^a –exp ^ax –exp^–ax ]dx, 0<a<2. A first approximation value for g(5/3)=4.45 has been given. This result has been obtained by a classical method of numerical integration. It has been followed in an other paper by a second one 4.6262911 obtained from a theoretical formula which seems to lead to a more reliable result. The difficulty when one wants to use a numerical method is the choice of parameters on which the method depends, in this case, the size of the integration interval for instance and the number of steps in Romberg's method. We present a new approach of numerical integration which dynamically allows to take into account both the round-off error and the truncation error and leads to reliable results for every value of a.     

The Degree of Symmetry of Certain Compact Smooth Manifolds Ⅱ

We give the sharp estimates for the degree of symmetry and the semi-simple degree of symmetry of certain compact fiber bundles with non-trivial four dimensional fibers in the sense of cobordism, by virtue of the rigidity theorem of harmonic maps due to Schoen and Yau (Topology, 18, 1979, 361-380). As a corollary of this estimate, we compute the degree of symmetry and the semi-simple degree of symmetry of CP2 × V, where V is a closed smooth manifold admitting a real analytic Riemannian metric of non-positive curvature. In addition, by the Albanese map, we obtain the sharp estimate of the degree of symmetry of a compact smooth manifold with some restrictions on its one dimensional cohomology.