Ni/NiCo2O4电极的制备及其析氧反应性能

采用溶胶-凝胶法制备NiCo₂O₄尖晶石粉体, 然后以多孔Ni 为基体, 通过复合溶胶涂覆结合烧结制备Ni/NiCo₂O₄ 涂层电极. 运用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、能量色散谱(EDS)和X 射线衍射(XRD)表征粉体以及Ni/NiCo₂O₄涂层电极的组成和结构. 采用循环伏安(CV), 稳态极化(LSV), 电化学阻抗谱(EIS), 恒电位阶跃以及恒电位长时间电解研究涂层电极在5 mol·L^-1 KOH溶液中的电催化析氧反应(OER). 结果表明: Ni/NiCo₂O₄涂层电极与多孔Ni 电极对比, 具有低的析氧过电位、高的比表面积和高的稳定性能; 其中比表面积增大了28.69倍,表观活化能在不同过电位分别降低了166.78和162.15 kJ·mol^-1.     

GO/ZIF-67模板制备rGO/NiCo2S4及高性能不对称超级电容器

以氧化石墨烯(GO)为基底,在GO表面原位生长ZIF-67并作为模板,经硝酸镍刻蚀、碳化、水热硫化制得rGO/NiCo_2S_4复合材料。采用X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、X射线光电子能谱(XPS)表征复合材料的结构与形貌。随后将rGO/NiCo_2S_4复合材料制成正极材料,测试其电化学性能,测试结果显示:rGO/NiCo_2S_4-1.5 h电极材料在1 A·g~(-1)的电流密度下,其比电容值高达1 577 F·g~(-1),当电流密度达到10 A·g~(-1)时,倍率性能为86.4%,在10 A·g~(-1)的电流密度下循环2 000次后,电容保持率为76.9%。另外,在6 mol·L-1KOH电解液中,由AC//rGO/NiCo_2S_4-1.5 h组成的不对称电容器在功率密度为723 W·kg~(-1)时,能量密度为33 Wh·kg~(-1);在高功率密度为7 277 W·kg~(-1)时,能量密度仍保持为23 Wh·kg~(-1)。     

静电纺丝法制备的钴酸镍微米带的磁性以及电化学性能

通过直接退火静电纺丝前驱样品以及调节升温速率最终得到了钴酸镍(NiCo₂O₄)微米带. 通过X射线衍射、扫描电镜、振动样品磁强计以及电化学工作站等分析手段对钴酸镍微米带的晶体结构、形貌、磁学性能以及电化学性能进行了研究. 结果显示, 以1℃·min^-1的升温速率得到的NiCo₂O₄微米带属于立方尖晶石结构, 高温处理后仍能保持一维结构. 室温磁化结果显示制备的NiCo₂O₄微米带具有超顺磁性, 在10 kOe时磁化强度为6.35 emu·g^-1. 此外, 电化学测试结果显示, NiCo₂O₄微米带的电容特性是典型的赝电容, 并且比电容随着放电电流密度的增加而减小.     

A novel nonenzymatic sensor based on LaNi0.6Co0.4O3 modified electrode for hydrogen peroxide and glucose

In this paper, LaNi_0.6Co_0.4O₃ (LNC) nanoparticles were synthesized by the sol–gel method, and the structure and morphology of LNC nanoparticles were characterized by X-ray diffraction spectrum, scanning electron microscopy and transmitting electron microscopy. And then, LNC was used to modify carbon paste electrode (CPE) without any adhesive to fabricate hydrogen peroxide and glucose sensor, and the results demonstrated that LNC exhibited strong electrocatalytical activity by cyclic voltammetry and amperometry. In H₂O₂ determination, linear response was obtained in the concentration range of 10 nM–100 μM with a detection limit of 1.0 nM. In glucose determination, there was the linear region of 0.05–200 μM with a detection limit of 8.0 nM. Compared with other reports, the proposed sensor also displayed high sensitivity toward H₂O₂ (1812.84 μA mM⁻¹ cm⁻²) and glucose (643.0 μA mM⁻¹ cm⁻²). Moreover, this prepared sensor was applied to detect glucose in blood serum and hydrogen peroxide in toothpaste samples with satisfied results, indicating its possibility in practical application.     

脊椎状NiCo2O4纳米棒的制备及其析氧和氧还原性能研究

以水热法并进一步焙烧合成脊椎状NiCo₂O₄纳米棒,通过透射电子显微镜（TEM）、X射线衍射仪（XRD）、X射线光电子能谱仪（XPS）和热重分析仪（TG）等来表征其结构形态及热稳定性.采用线性扫描法（LSV）、循环伏安（CV）研究所制备催化剂的在玻碳和旋转圆盘电极上的电催化活性：在0.1 mol·L^-1 KOH溶液中的电催化析氧反应（OER）和电催化氧还原反应（ORR）.研究结果表明,所制备的脊椎状NiCo₂O₄纳米棒有大量的不饱和态,200℃焙烧制备的脊椎状NiCo₂O₄纳米棒析氧过电位最小可达309 mV,Tafel斜率145.6 mV/dec,其氧还原极限电流密度在1600 rmp可达到5.095 mA·cm^-2,电子转移数在3.2~3.8之间,接近四电子转移机理,其优良电化学性能可能是由于暴露了更多的边缘缺陷的缘故.     

Ag/CuS/rGO复合材料的制备及对亚硝酸盐的电化学传感性能研究

以溶剂热法制备Cu3(BTC)2为前驱体,通过两步转化得到Ag/CuS/rGO复合材料,构制了电化学传感器,研究了其对NO2^-离子的电催化行为,建立了测定NO2^-离子的电化学分析方法。Ag/CuS/rGO复合材料对NO2^-离子展现了良好的电催化性能,检测线性范围为1~50μmol/L和50~550μmol/L,检出限为0.04μmol/L(S/N=3)。该传感器具有制作简单、选择性好和检出限低的特点,拓展了金属有机框架材料(MOFs)在电化学领域的应用。     

MnO_2/NiCo_2O_4的静电自组装合成及其电化学性能

通过带负电荷的MnO2纳米片与带正电荷的Co-Ni层状双氢氧化物(LDHs)纳米片的静电自组装外加后续热处理合成了异质层状结构的MnO2/NiCo2O4复合物.采用X射线衍射(XRD)、傅里叶变换红外(FTIR)光谱、拉曼光谱、原子吸收光谱(AAS)、场发射扫描电镜(FESEM)和透射电子显微镜(TEM)对其结构和形貌进行了表征.用循环伏安(CV)、恒流充放电和电化学交流阻抗技术对其电化学性能进行了测试.研究结果表明,该方法制得的异质复合物具有多孔层状堆垛结构,这种特殊的结构不仅增大了电解液离子的接触面积,而且还为其嵌入-脱出提供了有效途径.该复合物在1 A·g-1电流密度时,-0.6-0.45 V电位窗口内的比电容达482 F·g-1,优于纯组分MnO2和NiCo2O4的电容性能.     

Investigation on double perovskite Ba4Ca2Ta2O11

The structure, conductivity and water uptake of the oxygen-deficient perovskite-type compound Ba₄Ca₂Ta₂O₁₁ have been investigated. Ba₄Ca₂Ta₂O₁₁ crystallizes in the cryolite structure (cubic, Fm3m SG) with a = 8.4508(2) Å, under dry air. The compound can be partially hydrated up to a maximum water content of approximately 0.52 mol H₂O per mol Ba₄Ca₂Ta₂O₁₁. In moist air, the structure symmetry becomes monoclinic (C2/m) and the temperature dependence of total conductivity shows a different behavior because of changes in transport mechanism. Three regions can be observed as a function of temperature. For the low temperature range 200–400 °C, the protonic conduction is prevailing with an activation energy E_A = 0.85 eV. In the intermediate temperature range (400–600 °C), O²⁻ anionic and protonic conductions are mixed with an activation energy E_A = 0.45 eV and in the third region, for temperatures above 600 °C, O²⁻conduction is prevailing with an activation energy E_A = 0.85 eV.     

松针状NiCo2O4@碳布复合材料在锂硫电池中的应用

以碳布（CC）作为柔性基底,采用水热法在其表面原位生长松针状网络结构NiCo₂O₄,制得NiCo₂O₄@CC复合材料,并应用于锂硫电池。NiCo₂O₄在碳纤维表面竖直生长形成三维纳米针簇网络,为硫的存储提供更多的空间,有效缓解硫电极的体积膨胀。通过吸附实验,证明了NiCo₂O₄@CC能有效吸附多硫化物,从而抑制多硫化物的穿梭效应。与CC/S相比（933 mAh·g^-1）,NiCo₂O₄@CC/S复合材料用于锂硫电池具有更优异的电池性能,在0.1C下初始放电比容量高达1 467 mAh·g^-1,在0.2C下初始放电比容量为1 098 mAh·g^-1,经200次循环后,放电比容量仍然保持在879 mAh·g^-1,平均每圈衰减率为0.09%,表现出良好的循环性能。     

Flower-like NiCo2S4/NiFeP/NF composite material as an effective electrocatalyst with high overall water splitting performance

Rational design and building of high efficiency, secure and inexpensive electrocatalyst is a pressing demand and performance to promote sustainable improvement of hydrogen energy. The bifunctional electrocatalysts for oxygen evolution reaction (OER) and hydrogen evolution response (HER) with high catalytic performance and steadiness in the equal electrolyte are extra treasured and meaningful. Herein, a unique three-dimensional (3D) structure electrocatalyst for NiCo₂S₄ growing on the flower-like NiFeP was designed and synthesized in this study. The results show that the flower-like NiCo₂S₄/NiFeP/NF composite electrocatalyst has large specific surface area, appropriate electrical conductivity, and greater lively websites uncovered in the three-dimensional structure, and affords extraordinary electrocatalytic overall performance for the ordinary water splitting. In alkaline solution, the OER and HER overpotentials of NiCo₂S₄/NiFeP/NF only need 293 mV and 205 mV overpotential to provide the current densities of 100 mA/cm² and 50 mA/cm², respectively. This high electrocatalytic activity exceeds the catalytic activity of most nickel-iron based electrocatalysts for OER and HER process. Accordingly, the optimized NiCo₂S₄/NiFeP/NF sample has higher stability (24 h) at 1.560 and 10 mA/cm², which extensively speeds up the overall water splitting process. In view of the above performance, this work offers a fine approach for the further improvement of low fee and excessive effectivity electrocatalyst.     

NiCo<Subscript>2</Subscript>O<Subscript>4</Subscript>/rGO hybrid nanostructures for efficient electrocatalytic oxygen evolution

We report the synthesis of NiCo₂O₄/reduced graphene oxide (NiCo₂O₄/rGO) hybrid hierarchical structures with unique nanonet and microsphere morphologies by organic polar solvent-assisted solvothermal method. The electrocatalytic oxygen evolution reaction (OER) activity of these materials is studied by cyclic voltammetry, linear sweep voltammetry and chronoamperometry methods in O₂-saturated 0.1 M KOH solution. The NiCo₂O₄/rGO hybrid nanocomposite materials are found to be highly active electrocatalysts for OER at lower overpotentials. The nanonet and microsphere-like NiCo₂O₄/rGO catalysts require overpotentials of 0.450 and 0.530 V at a current density of 10 mA cm^?2, and their corresponding Tafel slopes are 53 and 62 mV dec^?1, which are much lower than values reported for non-precious electrocatalysts. Further, both NiCo₂O₄/rGO catalysts show good catalytic stability with current retention more than 92 % over long period of 15,000 s determined by chronoampirometry and at the end of 1000th cycle determined by linear sweep voltammetry. The enhanced OER activity of nanostructured NiCo₂O₄/rGO hybrid catalysts is attributed to synergistic interaction between rGO and NiCo₂O₄, which seems to be essential for maintaining the large contact area at the electrode-electrolyte interface, better mass, and charge transport and to minimize the aggregation of NiCo₂O₄ nanoparticles.     

纳米CuFe2O4-rGO复合材料的制备及电化学性能

采用溶剂热法成功制备了纳米CuFe₂O₄-rGO复合材料。通过X射线衍射（XRD）,扫描电子显微镜（SEM）、透射电子显微镜（TEM）和电化学工作站对样品的结构、形貌及电容特性进行表征。结果表明,CuFe₂O₄纳米粒子均匀地分散在石墨烯片层间,其中CuFe₂O₄-20% rGO复合材料具有最优的电化学性能,当电流密度1 A·g^-1时,其比电容为1 952.5 F·g^-1,当电流密度为1 A·g^-1时,CuFe₂O₄-20% rGO复合材料经1 000次充放电后的比电容保持率为86.17%。     

Graphene enhanced electrochemiluminescence of CdS nanocrystal for H2O2 sensing

Graphene-CdS (G-CdS) nanocomposites were successfully prepared by CdS nanocrystals (CdS NCs) formed in situ on the surface of graphene sheets, using graphene oxide (GO) sheets with rich negatively charged carboxylic acid groups as starting materials. Compared with pure CdS NCs, the presence of the graphene doped in G-CdS nanocomposites could facilitate the electrochemical redox process of CdS NCs; further, the as-prepared G-CdS nanocomposite can react with H₂O₂ to generate strong and stable electrochemiluminescent (ECL) emission, which not only enhances its ECL intensity by about 4.3-fold but also decreases its onset potential for about 320 mV. The as-prepared solid-state ECL H₂O₂ sensor shows acceptable linear response from 5 μM up to 1 mM with a detection limit of 1.7 μM (S/N = 3). The ECL H₂O₂ sensor exhibits excellent reproducibility and long-term stability. Such a property would promote the potential application of the graphene as enhanced materials in fabricating sensors for chemical and biochemical analysis.     

纳米CuFe_2O_4-rGO复合材料的制备及电化学性能

采用溶剂热法成功制备了纳米CuFe_2O_4-rGO复合材料。通过X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)和电化学工作站对样品的结构、形貌及电容特性进行表征。结果表明,CuFe_2O_4纳米粒子均匀地分散在石墨烯片层间,其中CuFe_2O_4-20%rGO复合材料具有最优的电化学性能,当电流密度1 A·g~(-1)时,其比电容为1 952.5 F·g~(-1),当电流密度为1 A·g~(-1)时,CuFe_2O_4-20%rGO复合材料经1 000次充放电后的比电容保持率为86.17%。     

Enzyme mimics of spinel-type CoxNi1−xFe2O4 magnetic nanomaterial for eletroctrocatalytic oxidation of hydrogen peroxide

A series of spinel-type Co_xNi_1−xFe₂O₄ (x = 0, 0.2, 0.4, 0.5, 0.6, 0.8, 1.0) magnetic nanomaterials were solvothermally synthesized as enzyme mimics for the eletroctrocatalytic oxidation of H₂O₂. X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscope were employed to characterize the composition, structure and morphology of the material. The electrochemical properties of spinel-type Co_xNi_1−xFe₂O₄ with different (Co/Ni) molar ratio toward H₂O₂ oxidation were investigated, and the results demonstrated that Co_0.5Ni_0.5Fe₂O₄ modified carbon paste electrode (Co_0.5Ni_0.5Fe₂O₄/CPE) possessed the best electrocatalytic activity for H₂O₂ oxidation. Under optimum conditions, the calibration curve for H₂O₂ determination on Co_0.5Ni_0.5Fe₂O₄/CPE was linear in a wide range of 1.0 × 10⁻⁸–1.0 × 10⁻³ M with low detection limit of 3.0 × 10⁻⁹ M (S/N = 3). The proposed Co_0.5Ni_0.5Fe₂O₄/CPE was also applied to the determination of H₂O₂ in commercial toothpastes with satisfactory results, indicating that Co_xNi_1−xFe₂O₄ is a promising hydrogen peroxidase mimics for the detection of H₂O₂.     

Facile synthesis of multifunctional attapulgite/Fe3O4/polyaniline nanocomposites for magnetic dispersive solid phase extraction of benzoylurea insecticides in environmental water samples

In this study, the superparamagnetic attapulgite/Fe₃O₄/polyaniline (ATP/Fe₃O₄/PANI) nanocomposites were successfully synthesized by a one-pot method. Fe (III) was applied as both the oxidant for the oxidative polymerization of aniline and the single iron source of Fe₃O₄ formed by the redox reaction between aniline and Fe (III). The ATP/Fe₃O₄/PANI was used as sorbent for magnetic dispersive solid phase extraction (MDSPE) of benzoylurea insecticides (BUs) in environmental water samples. The as-prepared nanocomposite sorbents were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectra (FT-IR), X Ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy(SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and vibrating sample magnetometry. Various experimental parameters affecting the ATP/Fe₃O₄/PANI-based MDSPE procedure, including the composition of the nanocomposite sorbents, amount of ATP/Fe₃O₄/PANI nanocomposites, vortex time, pH, and desorption conditions were investigated. Under the optimal conditions, a good linearity was observed for all target analytes, with correlation coefficients (r²) ranging from 0.9985 to 0.9997; the limits of detection (LOD) were in the range of 0.02–0.43 μg L⁻¹, and the recoveries of analytes using the proposed method ranged between 77.37% and 103.69%. The sorbents exhibited an excellent reproducibility in the range of 1.52–5.27% in extracting the five target analytes. In addition, the intra-day and inter-day precision values were found to be in the range of 0.78–6.86% and 1.66–8.41%, respectively. Finally, the proposed ATP/Fe₃O₄/PANI-based MDSPE method was successfully applied to analyze river water samples by rapid preconcentration of BUs.     

Co3V2O8/石墨烯复合负极材料的合成及其储锂性能

以石墨烯为基底,CoCl2·2H2O和NH4VO3为原料,采用水热结合热处理方法合成了Co3V2O8/石墨烯复合电极材料;采用XRD、Raman、XPS、SEM、(HR-)TEM和恒电流充放电等对材料进行了结构表征与电化学性能测试。结果表明:Co3V2O8/rGO复合材料表现出优异的放电比容量、优秀的倍率性能和稳定的循环性能(当电流密度为200 mA·g^-1,经过100次循环后,可逆放电比容量为1208 mAh·g^-1);Co3V2O8/rGO电极材料表现出优异的倍率和循环性能可以归因于:独特的石墨烯包覆结构可以有效地提高材料的导电性和增强结构的稳定性、缓解Co3V2O8粒子在循环过程中的聚结和膨胀现象;此外,Co3V2O8纳米颗粒均匀地嵌在石墨烯层间防止了石墨烯片层间的堆叠。     

Nafion covered core–shell structured Fe3O4@graphene nanospheres modified electrode for highly selective detection of dopamine

Nafion covered core–shell structured Fe₃O₄@graphene nanospheres (GNs) modified glassy carbon electrode (GCE) was successfully prepared and used for selective detection dopamine. Firstly, the characterizations of hydro-thermal synthesized Fe₃O₄@GNs were investigated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and Raman spectroscopy. Then Fe₃O₄@GNs/Nafion modified electrode exhibited excellent electrocatalytic activity toward the oxidations of dopamine (DA). The interference test showed that the coexisted ascorbic acid (AA) and uric acid (UA) had no electrochemical interference toward DA. Under the optimum conditions, the broad linear relationship was obtained in the experimental concentration from 0.020 μM to 130.0 μM with the detection limit (S/N = 3) of 0.007 μM. Furthermore, the core–shell structured Fe₃O₄@GNs/Nafion/GCE was applied to the determination of DA in real samples and satisfactory results were got, which could provide a promising platform to develop excellent biosensor for detecting DA.     

Gold nanowire assembling architecture for H2O2 electrochemical sensor

Morphological control of nanomaterials is of great interest due to their size and shape-dependent chemical and physical properties and very important applications in many fields such as biomedicine, sensors, electronics and others. In this paper, we reported a simple strategy for synthesizing gold nanowire assembling architecture at room temperature. It is found that two important factors, the proper volume ratio of ethanol to water and poly(vinyl pyrrolidone) (PVP), will play important roles in synthesizing flower-like short gold nanowire assembling spheres. Furthermore, the obtained flower-like gold assembling spheres with high surface-to-volume ratio have been employed as enhancing materials for electrochemical sensing H₂O₂. The present electrochemical sensing platform exhibited good electrocatalytic activity towards the reduction of H₂O₂. The detection limit for H₂O₂ was found to be 1.2 μM, which was lower than certain enzyme-based biosensors.