非定常不定边界问题边界无法的若干进展

对于复杂的非线性工程问题的数值模拟,边界元法（ＢＥＭ）日益显示出优于区域解法的长处,特别是时间相关（需按时段逐步迭代推进）和含各种不定边界（造成可变区域,网络需不断重分）的情形,ＢＥＭ可显著减少存贮要求与计算量．针对非线性问题数值模拟的主要难点,即微分算子线性化,时间相关项与可动边界（非线性边条）的处理等,综述了国内外边界无法学术界的近期研究进展,总体目标是寻求一种适应多种微分算子、非线性迭代和时段推进计算效能高的稳定数值模式．     

非定常不定边界问题边界无法的若干进展

对于复杂的非线性工程问题的数值模拟,边界元法（ＢＥＭ）日益显示出优于区域解法的长处,特别是时间相关（需按时段逐步迭代推进）和含各种不定边界（造成可变区域,网络需不断重分）的情形,ＢＥＭ可显著减少存贮要求与计算量．针对非线性问题数值模拟的主要难点,即微分算子线性化,时间相关项与可动边界（非线性边条）的处理等,综述了国内外边界无法学术界的近期研究进展,总体目标是寻求一种适应多种微分算子、非线性迭代和时段推进计算效能高的稳定数值模式．     

三维非线性有限元与弹性边界元耦合数值方法

本文系统地讨论了以下三个问题:(1) 有限元与边界元耦合中的几个数值问题,其中包括:边界积分方程的凝聚、等效刚度矩阵的对称化及面力不连续的处理;(2) 弹塑性有限元与弹性边界元的耦合;(3) 弹粘塑性有限元与弹性边界元的耦合及数值计算稳定性条件。     

非连续边界元——有限元耦合方法分析

对边界元－有限元耦合方法进行了分析，采用非连续元离散边界积分方程，解决了耦合分析中自由度约束问题，给出了非连续边界元同有限元耦合的具体实施步骤，通过对二维弹性力学和流＝固耦合问题分析，表明了该文方法的有效性。     

线性蠕变问题的摄动边界元-有限元方法

本文将摄动、边界元、有限元方法结合起来,提出一种求解线性蠕变问题的新方法。该方法不采用一般增量法中在一个时段内各物理量保持不变或作线性变化的假设,加大了计算步长提高了精度。文中构造了边界元摄动格式,构造了包含钢筋在内的边界元有限元耦合摄动格式,并给出了满意的数值结果。     

扁球壳的边界元几何非线性分析

本文从壳体位移的三个微分方程出发，采用付立叶积分变换的基本解，利用加权残值法推导了几何非线性边界积分方程。这种基本解的壳体边界元法类似于板的非线性边界元法，各种变量物理意义明确，能方便地处理各种复杂边界条件及有开口情况。文末算例说明本文方法的可行性、收敛性和精确性，并与二变量边界单元法或有限元结果相比较，吻合较好。     

变水深坝—库系统耦振分析的边界元—有限元混合法

常用的混合元法解变水深坝－库系统的耦振，需要对变水深部分的流场进行域离散，计算工作量大，该文利用Ｆｒｉｅｄｍａｎ的算子函数理论，构造了势流问题在无限长带形域中的Ｇｒｅｅｎ函数，从而使流场的边界元剖分只限于变水深区域的边界，关于坝体仍采用有限元离散，最后借助所导出的有限元－边界元格式对坝－库系统的实例作了数值计算，结果证明了它的有效性。     

基于等几何分析的比例边界有限元方法

提出了一种具有比例边界有限元的半解析特性和等几何分析的几何特性的新方法。该新方法是在比例边界有限元框架中用NURBS曲线或曲面精确描述域边界几何形状,同时域边界位移场采用描述几何形状的NURBS形函数等参构造。这种新方法具有比例边界有限元固有的径向解析特性和NURBS的高阶连续性的优点。数值算例显示,与传统的比例边界有限元相比,基于等几何分析的比例边界有限元方法提高了域边界单元和域内应力场的连续性,减少了计算自由度。应用此方法可以用较少的计算自由度获得更高连续阶和更高精度的位移、应力和应变场。     

Finite-Element Dynamic Analysis of a Rotating Shaft with or without Nonlinear Boundary Conditions Subject to a Moving Load

A C ⁰ continuity isoparametricfinite-element formulation is presented for the dynamic analysis of arotating or nonrotating beam with or without nonlinear boundaryconditions subject to a moving load. The nonlinear end conditions arisefrom nonlinear rolling bearings (both the nonlinear stiffness andclearance(s) are accounted for) supporting a rotating shaft. The shaftfinite-element model includes shear deformation, rotary inertia, elasticbending, and gyroscopic effect. Lagrange's equations are employed toderive system equations of motion which, in turn, are decoupled usingmodal analysis expressed in the normal coordinate representation. Theanalyses are implemented in the finite-element program DAMRO 1.Dynamic deflections under the moving load of rotating and nonrotatingsimply supported shafts are compared with those obtained using exactsolutions and other published methods and a typical coincidence isobtained. Samples of the results, in both the time and frequencydomains, of a rotating shaft incorporating ball bearings are presentedfor different values of the bearing clearance. And the results show thatsystems incorporating ball bearings with tight (zero) clearance have thesmallest amplitude-smoothest profile dynamic deflections. Moreover, fora system with bearing clearance, the vibration spectra of the shaftresponse under a moving load show modulation of the system naturalfrequencies by a combination of shaft rotational and bearing cagefrequencies. However, for a simply supported rotating shaft, the firstnatural frequency in bending dominates the response spectrum. The paperpresents the first finite-element formulation for the dynamic analysisof a rotating shaft with or without nonlinear boundary conditions underthe action of a moving load.     

有限长轴承非稳态油膜力自由-移动边界问题的有限条解法

讨论了不可压缩流体润滑的动载径向滑动轴承油膜压力分布的自由移动边界问题的有限条解法．将自由边界问题转化为全域(矩形域)的具有不等式约束的微分方程的边值问题,进一步化为具有不等式约束的泛函极值问题。借助有限条法在矩形域上离散这个泛函,得到了一个特殊的二次泛函的规化问题。通过变量平移变换,使其化为标准的二次规划问题。然后借助于牛顿非光滑算法,迭代求解非线性的互补方程。给出了有限长轴承真实的油膜应力分布。对于所求解方程的系数矩阵的高度稀疏性。给出了紧缩存储算法。节省了存储空间和减少了计算量。算例表明该方法是有效的。     

AN ALGORITHM FOR SIMULATION OF STEADY FREE SURFACE FLOWS

An algorithm to simulate steady, viscous free surface flows is presented in this paper. A Picard-type approach wherein the flow and free surface updates are performed alternately is utilized to iterate for a solution. The procedure is intended for large-scale two- or three-dimensional problems. A surface-intrinsic co-ordinate system which facilities representation of general free surface shapes is used. Using a Galerkin finite element method (GFEM), two free surface updates, namely kinematic and normal stress updates are formulated. It is shown that the effects of surface tension, surface tension gradients and imposition of contact angles can be simulated elegantly within the framework of the GFEM. A novel feature of the updates is that the deformations are sought in a direction normal to the current iterate free surface shape, with the result that the method is ideally suited when used in conjunction with an automatic mesh generator. With the normal stress update a volume constraint can also be imposed. A segregated method is utilized to solve iteratively one degree of freedom at a time for the solution of the flow variables. As a result, the memory and disc space requirements are minimal. Sample problems in extrusion, coating and crystal growth are presented to clearly illustrate the convergence behaviour and accuracy of the algorithm.     

A mechanical model on elastic cavitation in solid under hydrostatic tension

In this paper, a mechanical model is proposed to study cavitation in solids. The material is elastic and obeys Hook's law. Logarithm strain and Cauchy stress in nonlinear elasticity is used. A sphere with a central hole is loaded under hydrostatic tension on surface. In spherical symmetry, closed form solution is got. As radius of the hole tends to zero, a pitchfork bifurcation appears on load-displacement curve. The pitchfork bifurcation indicates that there is a cavitation at center of solid sphere as load reaches a critical value.     

非线性多类变量有限元的进展

本文介绍了非线性多类变量有限元,即非线性的杂交元和拟协调元近几年来的发展及其变分基础.     

非线性多类变量有限元的进展

本文介绍了非线性多类变量有限元,即非线性的杂交元和拟协调元近几年来的发展及其变分基础.     

AN IMPLICIT SURFACE TENSION ALGORITHM FOR PICARD SOLVERS OF SURFACE–TENSION–DOMINATED FREE AND MOVING BOUNDARY PROBLEMS

One of the methods for solving a free or moving boundary problem is the use of Picard solvers which solve the geometry and the velocity field successively. When, however, the kinematic condition is used for updating the geometry in this technique, numerical stability problems occur for surface-tension-dominated flow. These problems are shown here to originate from the unstable integration of the local smoothing of the surface by surface tension. By an extension of the surface tension contribution to the flow field an implicit treatment of surface tension is obtained which overcomes these stability problems. The algorithm is applicable to both free and moving boundary problems, as will be shown by examples in this paper.     

Fixed domain methods for free and moving boundary flows in porous media

A survey is presented concerning fixed domain methods used to solve mathematical models of free and moving boundary flow problems in porous media. These include the following: variational inequality or quasi-variational inequality formulations; general inequality formulations which have been set and solved in fixed domains; and the residual flow procedure. Finally, some parallel computing methods and mesh adaptation methods are discussed to demonstrate how these fixed domain formulations can be solved with current technology.The fixed domain methods that are referenced herein can be classified into two groups: the variational inequality method and the extended pressure head method. Baiocchi was the first to apply the variational inequality method to free boundary problems of flows through porous media. This method in general also uses an extension of the pressure head but adds an application of an integral transformation (a Baiocchi transformation) to the problem. The method possesses a beautiful mathematical structure for its theory and yields simple numerical solution algorithms. However, application of the method is difficult if not impossible in some cases depending upon the regularity of the seepage domain.The extended pressure head method is based on the concept that the pressure is extended smoothly across the free or moving boundary into the unsaturated region from the flow domain. The extension of the pressure head to the entire porous medium yields an extended coefficient of permeability of the medium which is equal to the saturated coefficient in the seepage region and is equal to zero or some small value (for computational purposes) in the unsaturated region.     

Transient finite element method for calculating steady state three-dimensional free surfaces

In order to reduce the cost of large three-dimensional calculations of steady state free surfaces, we have combined a time-dependent approach, a decoupling algorithm and a conjugate gradient solver along the lines introduced earlier by Gresho and Chan. The free surface is calculated separately by applying the kinematic condition to a number of faces defined on the undeformed surface. For the pseudo-time-marching technique we show that it is economical to adopt different time steps for the free surface calculation and the other fields. The accuracy of the method is tested on the well-known circular die problem; the method is then used to reveal the effects of inertia and shear thinning on square and rectangular dies.     

AN ADAPTIVE FINITE ELEMENT SCHEME FOR HYDRAULIC FRACTURING WITH PROPPANT TRANSPORT

A mathematical model and adaptive finite element scheme are developed for describing the distribution of proppant in a propagating hydraulic fracture. The governing equation for proppant concentration is derived by applying the conservation law of mass to the proppant and to the proppant-laden fluid. Shah's empirical equation, which relates the proppant concentration and the indices of the non-Newtonian fluid, is used to describe the proppant-laden fluid. The proppant distribution inside a hydraulic fracture can then be obtained by solving the proppant concentration equation together with the governing equations of fluid and elasticity for a hydraulic fracturing. A novel moving grid scheme is developed that combines grid point insertion with redistribution. Four examples corresponding to different in situ stress distributions are computed to demonstrate the scheme. © 1997 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.