湿法氧化法测定水中总有机碳不确定度的评定

采用湿法氧化法对水中总有机碳的不确定度进行了评定.对测量重复性、标准偏差、标准溶液浓度等影响测量结果的不确定度分量进行分析和量化,当水中总有机碳测定结果为5.3 mg/L时,扩展不确定度为0.32 mg/L.     

燃烧氧化-非分散红外吸收法测定水中总有机碳的不确定度评定

评定燃烧氧化-非分散红外吸收法测定水中总有机碳的测量不确定度。根据JJF1059.1—2012《测量不确定度评定与表示》、CNAS-GL006—2019《化学分析中不确定度的评估指南》,该测量方法的不确定度来源主要有标准物质、溶液配制、校准曲线拟合、测量重复性。对各不确定度分量进行评定,最终合成得到测量结果的相对标准不确定度为1.34%,水样总有机碳质量浓度测定结果表示为(48.28±1.30)mg/L(k=2)。测量重复性是影响测量不确定度的主要因素,校准曲线拟合、标准物质的影响较小。     

过硫酸盐紫外氧化-非分散红外吸收法测定水中痕量总有机碳

采用Ｐｈｏｅｎｉｘ８０００总有机碳分析仪,以ＵＶ－Ｎａ２Ｓ２Ｏ８－ＮＤＩＲ氧化波了水中痕量机碳（ＴＯＣ）。讨论了酸度、氧化剂浓度、有机物氧化效果、无机碳对测定结果的影响等。方法检出限为０．００２４ｍｇ／Ｌ,回收率为９４．０％￣１１２％,精密度０．８￣５．３％。该法已应用于湖水、河水、自来水、地下水、泉水等自然水体及纯净水、蒸馏水、反渗透（ＲＯ）净化水特瓣总有机碳含量的测定。     

测定饮用水中总有机碳新方法的研究

为了更准确地分析饮用水体中有机物的污染程度,采用燃烧氧化―非分散红外吸收法中直接法和差减法相结合的新方法测定饮用水中总有机碳(TOC),对单独使用直接法或差减法进行了优化。通过实验确定了该方法的检出限为0.12 mg/L,相对标准偏差为0.62%～1.97%,加标回收率为94%～102%,可用于测定饮用水中的总有机碳。     

硫酸盐氧化-薄膜电导率法测定自来水中总有机碳

建立硫酸盐氧化-薄膜电导率法测定自来水中总有机碳的分析方法.样品经孔径为0.45μm的滤膜过滤器过滤,选择进样瓶直接进样,在自适应模式下进行测定.总有机碳的质量浓度在0～10 mg/L范围内与响应值具有良好的线性关系,线性相关系数为0.999,方法检出限为0.02μg/L.测定结果的相对标准偏差不大于1.3％(n=6)...     

连续流动化学发光法测定水中总有机碳的研究

基于Ｋ２Ｓ２Ｏ８氧化水中有机碳为二氧化碳，二氧化碳能增强Ｌｕｍｉｎｏｌ－Ｈ２Ｏ２－Ｃｏ＾２＋体系化学发光强度，建立了连续流动化学光测定水中总有机碳的新方法。方法线性范围为０．１０－１２μｇ／ｍＬＣ，检出限量为０．０４μｇ／ｍＬＣ。所建立方法简便、灵敏，适合于应用于水中总有机碳的测定。     

薄膜电导率法总有机碳分析仪的校准

探索薄膜电导率法总有机碳分析仪的校准方法.对薄膜电导率法总有机碳分析仪的性能参数进行调查统计,从示值误差、测量重复性、线性误差、检出限和记忆效应5个方面对仪器进行校准.采用500μg/L的蔗糖标准溶液、响应值分别达量程50％、80％对应的蔗糖溶液,以测量值的相对误差最大者作为仪器的相对示值误差,该项建议值为±10％;以...     

重铬酸钾容量法测定地质样品中的有机碳

目前,地质样品中有机碳的测定方法有干烧法（高温电炉灼烧）和湿烧法（重铬酸钾氧化）两大类。另外还有ICP-AES法、微波消解法、过硫酸钾法、电导法、石墨电热消解法、比色法等,然而这些有机碳测定方法仍然存在许多不尽如人意的地方。干烧法要求实验条件苛刻,操作繁琐,不易掌握,受碳酸盐的干扰。湿烧法虽然操作比较简单,但方法受样品中还原性物质的干扰,如氯根、亚铁等,上述方法都有待完善和优化改进。如：探索因不同样品基体差异而产生的干扰元素消除方法;寻找更合适的指示剂;本文采 用重铬酸钾-容量法测定地质样品中的有机碳,在220±10℃恒温电热板上,用0.4 mol/mL重铬酸钾溶解样品。通过优化熔矿温度、熔矿时间、熔剂浓度的优化选择,进行了氯离子的干扰试验。样品中含氯化物低的样品通过加入0.1 g硫酸银消除,样品中含氯化物高的样品通过高温灼烧减量消除。氧化指示剂选用邻菲啰啉或苯二氨基苯甲酸。本方法适用于土壤、水系沉积物、岩石等地质调查样品中有机碳的测定,方法相对标准偏差（RSD）在0.80%～4.41%之间,准确度（RE）在-3.15%～+1.15%之间。通过标准物质验证,方法技术指标满足地质行业规范DZ/T0130.4-2006中有机碳的分析要求,建立了一种简单、快捷、经济、准确的测定地质样品中有机碳的测定方法,满足地球化学调查批量样品生产的需要。     

总有机碳在线监测仪使用及溯源现状

介绍了传统的和新兴的多种不同类型总有机碳在线监测仪的测量原理、性能差别、适用领域及各行业的总有机碳限值要求,催化燃烧氧化和紫外线/过硫酸盐氧化加非色散红外二氧化碳检测类仪器在环境领域使用较多,紫外线氧化加薄膜电导率检测仪器主要用在医药、电力、电子领域.分析了当前总有机碳在线监测仪的溯源现状,讨论了现有方法的局限性以及溯...     

Determination and Removal of Selected Pharmaceuticals and Total Organic Carbon from Surface Water by Aluminum Chlorohydrate Coagulant

In the present research, the removal of Total Organic Carbon (TOC) and erythromycin (ERY), fluoxetine (FLX), amoxicillin (AMO), colistin (COL), ethynylestradiol (EE), and diclofenac (DIC) from surface water by coagulation is studied. The concentration of selected pharmaceuticals in 24 surface water samples originating from some rivers located in Lesser Poland Voivodeship and Silesia Voivodeship, Poland, was determined. The removal of TOC and pharmaceuticals was carried out using the application of Design of Experiments (DOE), Response Surface Methodology (RSM), and by addition of aluminum chlorohydrate (ACH) as a coagulant. The study found that the concentration ranges of ERY, FLX, AMO, COL, EE, and DIC in analyzed water samples were 7.58–412.32, 1.21–72.52, 1.22–68.55, 1.28–32.01, 5.36–45.56, 2.20–182.22 ng/L, respectively. In some cases, concentrations lower than 1 ng/L were determined. In optimal conditions of coagulation process of spiked surface water (pH = 6.5 ± 0.1, ACH dose = 0.35 mL/L, Time = 30 min; R² = 0.8799, R²_adj = 0.7998), the concentration of TOC, ERY, FLX, AMO, COL, EE, and DIC was decreased by 88.7, 36.4, 24.7, 29.0, 25.5, 35.4, 30.4%, respectively. Simultaneously, turbidity, color, Total Suspended Solids (TSS), Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD), Total Nitrogen (Total N), and Ammonium-Nitrogen (N-NH₄) were decreased by 96.2%, >98.0%, 97.8%, 70.0%, 88.7%, 37.5%, respectively. These findings suggest that ACH may be an optional reagent to remove studied pharmaceuticals from contaminated water.     

硅掺杂碳量子点荧光猝灭法测定水样中铜(Ⅱ)

3-氨丙基三甲氧基硅烷(APTMS)与戊二醛(GA)混合前驱物合成的硅掺杂碳量子点(SDCQDs),其最大吸收、激发和发射波长分别为259,245,395 nm,量子产率为13.60%,XPS谱图表明碳量子点掺杂Si,且富含甲亚胺基团和硅氧键。Cu~(2+)对碳量子点荧光产生猝灭作用,依据Cu~(2+)浓度与碳量子点荧光强度猝灭率的相关性,建立碳量子点荧光探针测定水样中Cu~(2+)的分析方法,其它金属离子对Cu~(2+)干扰程度较小,回收率为91.4%~100.8%,检出限为0.13μmol/L,相对标准偏差为0.20%~0.92%。     

Analysis of Organic Matter in Water of Low TO C (Total Organic Carbon) Content by Chromatographic Techniques

Abstract

The problems encountered when analyzing organic pollutants in drinking water stem from the large number of unknown compounds at very low concentration.

The concentration of the organics is carried out on n-alkyl silica, after a rigorous cleaning, or by liquid-liquid extraction. The complexity of these extracts renders a direct analysis by gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry impossible; hence, a pre-separation step is required.

Reversed and normal phase chromatography have been investigated with these extracts. The former leads to informative fingerprints but subsequent identification is difficult.

Normal phase liquid chromatography is more suitable and a separation by chemical classes of increasing polarity is applied to water extracts. The eluent is fractionated, each fraction is then gently evaporated and subsequently analyzed by GC. Identification is then possible by coupling with mass spectrometry.

These procedures are used to follow the change in organic matter during the two last steps of the drinking water treatment: ozonation and filtration on active charcoal. Another application is the analysis of humic extracts.     

Determination of Total Carbonate Dissolved in Water Samples by Flow Injection Analysis Incorporated a Gas-diffusion Unit

Carbon dioxide in atmosphere is increasing gradually every year and the amount of its generation is restricted. Carbon dioxide is dissolved in environmental waters and kept equilibrium between air and water.     

荧光法测定水样中的硒(Ⅳ)、硒(Ⅵ)和有机硒

本文提出了水样中硒（Ⅳ）、硒（Ⅵ）和有机硒的荧光测定方法。基于酸性介质中２,３－二氨基萘与硒（Ⅳ）的选择性反应,直接测定硒（Ⅳ）;利用盐酸还原硒（Ⅵ）和ＨＮＯ３－ＨＣｌＯ４消化有机硒后,用差减法分别测出硒（Ⅵ）和有机硒。检出限０．０７μｇ／Ｌ,线性范围０～１０μｇ／Ｌ。硒（Ⅳ）、硒（Ⅵ）和有机硒的相对标准偏差与回收率分别为２．４％和９８．５％～１０１．５％、３．１％和９４．８％～１０３％、４．０％和９４．５％～９８．８％。     

水样中三甲基氯化锡的GC-MS测定方法研究

三甲基氯化锡是甲基锡稳定剂的主要杂质之一,在甲基锡氯化物系列中,它是毒性最强的物质.三甲基氯化锡为晶状固体,具有腐败青草气味,易挥发且具有高度毒性.     

电致化学发光法测定天然水中痕量银（Ⅰ）

对四正丁基碘化胺（ＴＢＡＩ）－银（Ⅰ）－硫脲体系的电致化学发光进行了研究。当在Ｐｔ－Ｐｔ－Ａｇ／ＡｇＣｌ三电极上施加＋１．５Ｖ的正矩形脉冲时，前述体系可观察到电致化学发光现象。银（Ⅰ）对此发光过程有明显的催化作用。银（Ⅰ）的浓度在１．０×１０－８～３．０×１０－６ｍｏｌ／Ｌ范围内与发光强度呈良好的线性关系，检出限为８．０×１０－９ｍｏｌ／Ｌ。相对标准偏差为４％。该法用于测定天然水中的痕量银。结果满意。