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问题、项目引领式教学法可分为问题引领式与项目引领式教学两个部分。问题引领式教学法可用于课程的基础部分教学;项目引领教学法主要用于学生已掌握一定的基础知识之后,教师有针对性地提出一些目前亟待解决的小的项目让学生提出思路及解决办法。通过两种方法的互相补充,可显著提高学生对有机化学这门课程的学习兴趣,也能使有机化学的理论知识与实践能力更紧密地联系在一起,从而提高该课程的教学效果,同时也激发学生创新的潜能。 相似文献
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分析金属知识在中考和教材中的地位,针对当前单元复习教学中存在的问题,依据教学评一致性原则,将“金属知识”的单元复习在“订书钉”为主要线索的探究活动中展开,以此激发学生的学习兴趣,优化学生单元知识结构,发展学生分析问题、解决问题的能力,同时提高学生对学科价值的认识。 相似文献
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金属电化学腐蚀的实验探究 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
金属的电化学腐蚀是高二化学新教材(人教版)“原电池原理及其应用”一节的教学难点,教师按照传统的教学方法向学生讲清楚钢铁在潮湿空气里形成原电池时正、负极发生的反应并不容易。笔者在教学实践中采用实验探究式教学,把课堂教学与研究性学习结合起来,引导学生通过自主活动来探究金属电化学腐蚀的一些规律,既有助于理解、巩固化学知识,又能培养学生的实践能力和探究精神。 相似文献
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在细致研究课标要求,比较不同版本教材在“金属与水反应”相关内容方面特点的基础上牢牢抓住化学核心知识的逻辑联系,以及核心知识所蕴涵的科学方法和化学思想;同时深入体会学生思维上的特点,并在教学设计中紧紧围绕知识的价值和学生的思维有逻辑地设计3个实验探究活动,着重注意对学生实验设计能力、观察能力、化学思想等方面的培养. 相似文献
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项目式学习是落实“素养为本”的化学课堂教学的重要途径之一。驱动性问题设计是确保项目式学习高效运行的关键。驱动性问题能够驱动和组织整个项目式学习,促进学生“提出问题”能力的形成,驱动学生项目参与,引导学生进行真实问题解决。本研究结合“电离与离子反应”专题为例,对驱动性问题的类别与功能、设计原则、具体设计与实施等3个方面进行阐述,并对如何在项目式学习中进行高质量驱动性问题的设计以及如何开展基于驱动性问题的课堂教学等2个方面进行深入探讨,以期对当前基于学科核心素养的化学课堂教学有所启示。 相似文献
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采用“任务式”教学法实施综合设计性水分析化学实验教学。通过师生讨论完善实验方案、学生自主实践方案、自主编制水质监测报告、教学评价等4个教学环节的展开,巩固了学生的专业基础知识和技能,培养了学生知识综合运用能力,激发了学生对于科学探究的兴趣和创新意识。 相似文献
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结合自然科学思想史 ,阐明如何在基础化学课程教学中实施案例式教学法。建议教师在讲授科学的基本原理和知识的同时 ,追踪科学的发展历程 ,把科学发现的全过程再现在学生面前 ,让学生有机会感受知识的产生和发展过程。将理论知识的学习和分析问题、解决问题的能力培养有机地结合起来 相似文献
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以“金属和金属材料”为例,通过对课标、教学内容和学情的分析,确定了基于化学学科核心素养的教学目标。通过真假黄金鉴别方案的创新设计和不同金属活动性顺序的探究,落实科学探究和创新意识的化学学科核心素养,学会基于证据的推理并建构探究不同金属活动性顺序的模型,培养学生运用化学知识解决问题的能力。通过课堂内容的梳理,拓展深化学生已有认知,树立责任意识。 相似文献
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Dr. Mikhail V. Butovskii Dr. Benjamin Oelkers Dr. Tobias Bauer Dr. Jacinta M. Bakker Dr. Viktor Bezugly Dr. Frank R. Wagner Prof. Dr. Rhett Kempe 《Chemistry (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany)》2014,20(10):2804-2811
Bismetallocenes [Cp2LuReCp2] and [Cp*2LaReCp2] (Cp=cyclopentadienyl; Cp*=pentamethylcyclopentadienyl) were prepared using different synthetic strategies. Salt metathesis—performed in aromatic hydrocarbons to avoid degradation pathways caused by THF—were identified as an attractive alternative to alkane elimination. Although alkane elimination is more attractive in the sense of its less elaborate workup, the rate of the reaction shows a strong dependence on the ionic radius of Ln3+ (Ln=lanthanide) within a given ligand set. Steric hindrance can cause a dramatic decrease in the reaction rate of alkane elimination. In this case, salt metathesis should be considered the better alternative. Covalent bonding interactions between the Ln and transition‐metal (TM) cations has been quantified on the basis of the delocalization index. Its magnitude lies within the range characteristic for bonds between transition metals. Secondary interactions were identified between carbon atoms of the Cp ligand of the transition metal and the Ln cation. Model calculations clearly indicated that the size of these interactions depends on the capability of the TM atom to act as an electron donor (i.e., a Lewis base). The consequences can even be derived from structural details. The observed clear dependency of the Lu?Ru and interfragment Lu?C bonding on the THF coordination of the Lu atom points to a tunable Lewis acidity at the Ln site, which provides a method of significantly influencing the structure and the interfragment bonding. 相似文献
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M. Sc. Sebastian Hartweg Dr. Adam H. C. West Dr. Bruce L. Yoder Prof. Dr. Ruth Signorell 《Angewandte Chemie (International ed. in English)》2016,55(40):12347-12350
The famous nonmetal‐to‐metal transition in Na–ammonia solutions is investigated in nanoscale solution droplets by photoelectron spectroscopy. In agreement with the bulk solutions, a strong indication for a transition to the metallic state is found at an average metal concentration of 8.8±2.2 mole%. The smallest entity for the phase transition to be observed consists of approximately 100–200 solvent molecules. The quantification of this critical entity size is a stepping stone toward a deeper understanding of these quantum–classical solutions through direct modeling at the molecular level. 相似文献
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In this Review, we summarize the current state of the art in late‐transition‐metal‐catalyzed reactions of acyl fluorides, covering both their synthesis and further transformations. In organic reactions, the relationship between stability and reactivity of the starting substrates is usually characterized by a trade‐off. Yet, acyl fluorides display a very good balance between these properties, which is mostly due to their moderate electrophilicity. Thus, acyl fluorides (RCOF) can be used as versatile building blocks in transition‐metal‐catalyzed reactions, for example, as an “RCO” source in acyl coupling reactions, as an “R” source in decarbonylative coupling reactions, and as an “F” source in fluorination reactions. Starting from the cleavage of the acyl C?F bond in acyl fluorides, various transformations are accessible, including C?C, C?H, C?B, and C?F bond‐forming reactions that are catalyzed by transition‐metal catalysts that contain the Group 9–11 metals Co, Rh, Ir, Ni, Pd, or Cu. 相似文献
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Prasenjit Sen 《Journal of Cluster Science》2016,27(3):795-815
In this review article I discuss two aspects of magnetism in small metal clusters. The first question discussed is whether simple metal clusters, that obey electronic shell models and mimic properties of elemental atoms, also obey Hund’s rule of maximum spin multiplicity. The second question is whether small clusters of 4d transition metal atoms, that are non-magnetic in the bulk, have magnetic ground states. The question arises because calculations showed that small V clusters are magnetic although the bulk metal is not. We discuss known results on Rh clusters in detail to show that small clusters are generally magnetic, but it is difficult to unequivocally identify the ground state due to the presence of many isomers and spin states that are very close in energy. 相似文献
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《Angewandte Chemie (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany)》2017,129(30):8954-8959
Core–shell architectures offer an effective way to tune and enhance the properties of noble‐metal catalysts. Herein, we demonstrate the synthesis of Pt shell on titanium tungsten nitride core nanoparticles (Pt/TiWN) by high temperature ammonia nitridation of a parent core–shell carbide material (Pt/TiWC). X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy revealed significant core‐level shifts for Pt shells supported on TiWN cores, corresponding to increased stabilization of the Pt valence d‐states. The modulation of the electronic structure of the Pt shell by the nitride core translated into enhanced CO tolerance during hydrogen electrooxidation in the presence of CO. The ability to control shell coverage and vary the heterometallic composition of the shell and nitride core opens up attractive opportunities to synthesize a broad range of new materials with tunable catalytic properties. 相似文献
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Xiaowen Sun Xinyue Zhang Qingtao Ma Xuze Guan Wei Wang Jiayan Luo 《Angewandte Chemie (International ed. in English)》2020,59(17):6665-6674
Electroplating has been studied for centuries, not only in the laboratory but also in industry for machinery, electronics, automobile, aviation, and other fields. The lithium‐metal anode is the Holy Grail electrode because of its high energy density. But the recyclability of lithium‐metal batteries remains quite challenging. The essence of both conventional electroplating and lithium plating is the same, reduction of metal cations. Thus, industrial electroplating knowledge can be applied to revisit the electroplating process for lithium‐metal anodes. In conventional electroplating, some strategies like using additives, modifying substrates, applying pulse current, and agitating electrolyte have been explored to suppress dendrite growth. These methods are also effective in lithium‐metal anodes. Inspired by that, we revisit the fundamental electroplating theory for lithium‐metal anodes in this Minireview, mainly drawing attention to the theory of electroplating thermodynamics and kinetics. Analysis of essential differences between traditional electroplating and plating/stripping of lithium‐metal anodes is also presented. Thus, industrial electroplating knowledge can be applied to the electroplating process of lithium‐metal anodes to improve commercial lithium‐metal batteries and the study of lithium plating/stripping can further enrich the classical electroplating technique. 相似文献
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The advanced high‐quality synthesis of dense and porous silica‐coated nanostructures is enjoying ever‐increasing research interests for their important properties and diverse applications, especially for catalytic, controlled release, colorimetric diagnostics, photothermal therapy, surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) detection, and so forth. In this timely Focus Review, we summarize the up‐to‐date synthesis strategies, improved properties, and emerging applications of silica‐coated metal nanoparticles. In particular, the large scale synthesis of silica‐coated metal nanoparticles and the recent development of hollowed‐out silica‐coated metal nanoparticles by silica dissolution are emphasized for new and practical applications. 相似文献
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The goal of the medieval alchemist, the chemical transformation of common metals into nobel metals, will forever be a dream. However, key characteristics of metals, such as their electronic band structure and, consequently, their electric, magnetic and optical properties, can be tailored by controlled hydrogen doping. Due to their morphology and well‐defined geometry with flat, coplanar surfaces/interfaces, novel phenomena may be observed in thin films. Prominent examples are the eye‐catching hydrogen switchable mirror effect, the visualization of solid‐state diffusion and the formation of complex surface morphologies. Thin films do not suffer as much from embrittlement and/or decrepitation as bulk materials, allowing the study of cyclic absorption and desorption. Therefore, thin‐metal hydride films are used as model systems to study metal–insulator transitions, for high throughput combinatorial research or they may be used as indicator layers to study hydrogen diffusion. They can be found in technological applications as hydrogen sensors, in electrochromic and thermochromic devices. In this review, we discuss the effect of hydrogen loading of thin niobium and yttrium films as archetypical examples of a transition metal and a rare earth metal, respectively. Our focus thereby lies on the hydrogen induced changes of the electronic structure and the morphology of the thin films, their optical properties, the visualization and the control of hydrogen diffusion and on the study of surface phenomena and catalysis. 相似文献